压制压力对机械合金化Cu_(20)Fe_(80)合金微波烧结组织及性能的影响

采用机械合金化和冷压微波烧结法制备了Cu_(20)Fe_(80)合金,通过扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪分析其显微组织和相组成,并测定合金的致密度和硬度,研究了制备过程中合金组织的演变规律。结果表明:Cu_(20)Fe_(80)合金冷压压坯组织呈层片状;随压制压力的提高,Cu_(20)Fe_(80)合金压坯的致密程度逐渐提高,由疏松逐渐密实,成形性提高;微波烧结后显微组织呈现层片状,随压制压力的增加,晶界逐渐明显,孔隙减少,致密度增加,硬度提高。     

微波烧结过程中Cu_(60)Cr_(40)合金组织演变的研究

采用机械合金化和冷压微波烧结法制备了Cu_(60)Cr_(40)合金,通过X射线分析和SEM扫描电镜分析Cu_(60)Cr_(40)合金的相组成和显微组织,研究了微波烧结过程中Cu_(60)Cr_(40)合金组织的演变规律。结果表明:Cu_(60)Cr_(40)合金粉体和冷压压坯组织呈层片状;随烧结温度的提高,Cu_(60)Cr_(40)合金压坯在烧结过程中由层片状组织向短棒状或球棒状转变,晶界逐渐明显,孔隙减少,致密度增加,由固相烧结转变为液相烧结。     

机械合金化对Cu_(60)Cr_(40)合金微波烧结组织的影响

采用机械合金化和冷压微波烧结的方法制备Cu_(60)Cr_(40)合金,研究了球磨时间对粉末粒度及合金显微组织的影响。结果表明:球磨36~60 h时,Cu_(60)Cr_(40)合金粉体呈层片状,随球磨时间延长,合金粉体细化,机械合金化程度提高;500 MPa冷压后,Cu_(60)Cr_(40)合金压坯断口呈典型的冰糖状断裂形貌,塑性变形程度较高;微波烧结Cu_(60)Cr_(40)合金的显微组织逐渐转化为等轴晶,富Cu相和富Cr相分布较为均匀,烧结产生的孔隙显著减少。     

高含量La_2O_3/Y_2O_3对钼合金微观组织与性能的影响

采用粉末冶金方法制备了不同质量分数La_2O_3/Y_2O_3复合稀土氧化物掺杂的钼合金,观察了钼合金物相构成、显微组织和断口形貌,测试了其力学性能。结果表明:掺杂La-2O_3/Y_2O_3钼合金的物相组成为La_2O_3、Y_2O_3和Mo;锻造态钼合金横截面的晶粒尺寸随La_2O_3/Y_2O_3含量增加而减小,锻造态钼合金纵截面的显微组织为明显的纤维状织构组织形态;锻造态Mo(La_2O_3)3.0(Y_2O_3)0.5钼合金的横截面断口为韧窝断裂和少量解理断裂,纵截面断口为沿晶脆性断裂;合金抗弯强度和弯曲角随La_2O_3/Y_2O_3含量的增加先增加后降低,Mo(La_2O_3)3.0(Y_2O_3)0.5钼合金抗弯强度达到1133 MPa,弯曲角达到38°。     

氧化物直接制备储氢合金LaNi_(4.6)Si_(0.4)

采用La_2O_3,NiO和SiO_2为原料,采用固体透氧膜法(solid oxygen-ion membrane,缩写为SOM)直接制备三元储氢合金LaNi_(4.6)Si_(0.4)。分析La_2O_3-NiO-SiO_2烧结片的组成及CaCl_2熔盐中的侵蚀反应;结合电解中间产物的组成分析反应机理,并推导以电流表示的反应速率公式。结果表明:SOM法电解La_2O_3-NiO-SiO_2烧结片直接制备LaNi_(4.6)Si_(0.4)是可行的,产品呈一定程度的海绵状;烧结片组成为NiO,La_4Ni_3O_(10)和La_(10)(SiO_4)6O_3;电解机理为La_4Ni_3O_(10),La_(10)(SiO_4)6O_3与Cl-反应生成LaOCl和SiO_2,LaOCl,SiO_2与NiO电解出的Ni反应生成LaNi_(4.6)Si_(0.4);电解反应最合理的电压为3.5 V。     

Mo-0.2%La_2O_3合金烧结致密性研究

通过两种固液掺杂工艺制备Mo-0.2%(质量分数,下同) La_2O_3粉末,经过1 400～1 700℃不同温度中频烧结,采用封蜡排水法测定坯条密度变化,采用扫描电镜分析断口形貌变化,研究钼镧合金烧结过程中致密化过程和影响因素。研究结果表明:不同的掺镧工艺将影响银白色亮斑粗大烧结体生成温度和时间; Mo-La_2O_3合金烧结时,银白色亮斑粗大烧结体出现的温度,即在1 650～1 700℃以下确保充足的保温时间,坯条密度能够达到最大值。     

Na_3AlF_6-AlF_3-LiF-MgF_2-La_2O_3-Al_2O_3熔盐体系密度的研究

采用阿基米德法研究温度、单一或混合添加La_2O_3与Al_2O_3对Na_3AlF_6-AlF_3-LiF-MgF_2熔盐体系密度的影响,并用最小二乘法建立了密度数学模型,确定了熔盐密度与温度、 La_2O_3与Al_2O_3加入量之间关系的回归方程,为了使熔盐与所制备的La-Al中间合金液的有效分离,从熔盐密度的角度分析了电解制备La-Al中间合金时的合理电解温度与氧化物加入量。研究结果表明:熔盐密度随温度的上升或Al_2O_3加入量的增加呈现线性降低的趋势,却随着La_2O_3加入量的递增而线性增加;当(质量分数)w_(La_2O_3)∶w_(Al_2O_3)=1∶9时,熔盐密度随La_2O_3-Al_2O_3混合氧化物加入量的增加而线性下降,当w_(La_2O_3)∶w_(Al_2O_3)=3∶7, 1∶1或7∶3时,密度却随La_2O_3-Al_2O_3混合氧化物加入量的增加而线性增加;在温度为905～1055℃, La_2O_3与Al_2O_3加入量分别为0%～5%, 0%～10%(质量分数)的研究范围内,熔盐密度(ρ)与温度(t), La_2O_3, Al_2O_3含量之间的关系为:ρ=3.0231-0.0011t+0.0260w_(La_2O_3)-0.0053w_(Al_2O_3),从而可以确定电解制取La-Al中间合金较为理想的Na_3AlF_6-AlF_3-LiF-MgF_2-La_2O_3-Al_2O_3熔融体系温度应控制在965～995℃之间,氧化物的加入量应满足条件w_(La_2O_3)+w_(Al_2O_3)9%,w_(La_2O_3)∶w_(Al_2O_3)1。     

La_2O_3添加量对Fe-3Mo-3Cr-0.6V-0.5Mn-0.8C合金组织与力学性能的影响

以羰基铁粉、钼铁粉、铬铁粉、钒铁粉、锰铁粉、石墨和稀土La_2O_3为原料,采用真空烧结法制备La_2O_3改性Fe-3Mo-3Cr-0.6V-0.5Mn-0.8C合金,研究La_2O_3添加量(0.1%~0.7%,质量分数)对合金密度、硬度、组织结构以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,随La_2O_3添加量增加,合金的晶粒度明显减小,密度、硬度与抗弯强度都出现"双峰值效应"。当合金中加入0.1%La_2O_3时,合金具有最高的密度6.79 g/cm3和较高的硬度(HB)240,抗弯强度达到最大值2 300 MPa,比不含La_2O_3的合金抗弯强度提高近12%,弯曲断裂形式由脆性断裂转变为穿晶-沿晶断裂的复合断裂形式。     

可低温烧结的微波介电陶瓷Bi_2Fe_2Mo_3O_(15)及其制备方法

<正>专利申请号:CN201310544005.6公开号:CN103553611A申请日:2013.11.06公开日:2014.02.05申请人:桂林理工大学本发明公开了一种可低温烧结的微波介电陶瓷Bi_2Fe_2Mo_3O_(15)及其制备方法。可低温烧结的微波介电陶瓷的组成为Bi_2Fe_2Mo_3O_(15)。(1)将纯度为99.9%以上的Bi_2O_3、Fe_2O_3和MoO_3的原始粉末按     

Ti-8Si-1.4Zr-xY_2O_3合金高温氧化行为的研究

采用"机械合金化-冷压成形-真空烧结"技术制备了Ti-8Si-1.4Zr,Ti-8Si-1.4Zr-0.1Y_2O_3和Ti-8Si-1.4Zr-0.3Y_2O_33种合金(%,质量分数),利用扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对烧结和氧化试样的表面及横截面形貌、物相组成进行分析,并对比了3种合金在700,800和900℃高温下的抗氧化性能来研究氧化机制。结果表明:添加Y_2O_3能显著提高Ti-8Si-1.4Zr合金的抗氧化性能,减小氧化层厚度,随氧化温度升高氧化膜逐渐增厚,氧化产物尺寸增大,呈朝棱柱状形态生长趋势。700℃下,所有合金都达到完全抗氧化等级,但添加Y_2O_3后平均氧化速度大幅降低,抗氧化性提升;800℃下,仅有Ti-8Si-1.4Zr-0.1Y_2O_3配方合金达完全抗氧化等级;900℃下,所有配方合金都在抗氧化等级以内。各配方合金氧化膜组成稍有不同,但氧化膜基本上由表面TiO_2氧化层、TiO_2与SiO_2构成的复合氧化层构成,其中各氧化层中可能还包含部分TiO,Ti_2O_3和Ti_3O_5等低价态钛的氧化物以及少量ZrO_2或(Ti,Zr)O_2相氧化物。     

放电等离子烧结快速制备高钪含量铝钪合金

采用放电等离子烧结技术制备高钪含量Al-Sc合金,利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪等设备对球磨前后Al-Sc合金粉末的形貌、相组成以及不同温度快速烧结样品的显微组织结构进行观察和分析,研究烧结温度对Al-Sc合金显微组织的影响。结果表明:球磨后粉末的形状较规则,其颗粒尺寸为25~45mm,并初步实现了机械合金化,除Al、Sc相以外,有少量Al3Sc和AlSc2相生成。放电等离子烧结可实现高钪含量铝钪合金的快速致密化,成功制备出钪含量30%(质量分数)的铝钪合金,通过调整烧结工艺参数,烧结样品的相对密度可达92.19%;当烧结温度高于500℃时,所得样品致密,无孔洞,且无明显晶界;随着烧结温度的提高,Sc相与第二相融合,形成Al3Sc、AlSc2等第二相,存在于合金中,且Al3Sc相呈现逐渐增强的趋势。     

PM processing of elemental and prealloyed 6061 aluminium alloy with and without common lubricants and sintering aids

Abstract

A comparison has been made between compaction, sintering, microstructural and mechanical properties of the 6061 aluminium alloy prepared via premixed elemental (EL) and prealloyed (PA) powders (as received and degassed) with and without additions of sintering aids and various solid and/or liquid lubricants. Both EL and PA powders were cold pressed at different pressures, ranging from 250 to 770 MPa, and sintered under vacuum in the range 580–640^°C for 30–120 min. and then under pure nitrogen atmosphere for comparison. Vacuum degassing of the PA powder provided better compressibility and thus higher green densities than those for the as received PA or the premixed EL powder compacts pressed at compaction pressures ≥340 MPa. Near full sintered densities of , ～98%TD were obtained for both EL and PA 6061 Al alloys. Degassed PA Al with 0·6 wt-% paraffin wax (PW) or with only 0·12 wt-%Pb addition as sintering aid and no lubricant, and premixed EL with only 0·12 wt-%Pb addition and no lubricant gave the best optimum properties. It became apparent that additions of some solid lubricants such as lithium stearate (LS) and acrawax to both the premixed EL and PA powders provided reasonable green densities, but had deleterious effect on sintered densities and microstructures, particularly under vacuum sintering. Heating data curves during the sintering cycle, revealed formation of both transient and persistent liquid phases for the EL and mainly supersolidus liquid phase sintering (SLPS) mechanism for the PA. Tensile properties of the degassed, vacuum or nitrogen sintered PA Al alloy in T6 condition were higher than those of the equivalent alloy prepared by EL mixing with the former giving a tensile strength of 330 MPa and 6–8% elongation to failure, which are similar to those of the commercial (wrought) 6061 Al alloys.     

Fe2O3、Cr2O3掺杂对4YSZ导电性能的影响

用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备了分别掺Fe2O3和Cr2O3的4YSZ前驱体凝胶,凝胶在500℃预烧,压制成圆片状后在1 300℃煅烧2 h得到所需试样;分别研究Fe2O3、Cr2O3的不同掺量对试样的烧结性能、电导率的影响。结果表明掺Fe2O3可提高试样的电导率和烧结性能;掺Cr2O3可提高试样的低温电导率,但使试样的烧结性能下降。     

Densification and structural change of mechanically alloyed W-Cu composites

Fine-grained, high-density (97+ pct of theoretical density (TD)), 80W-20Cu wt pct (58W-42Cu at. pct) composites have been prepared using nonconventional alloying techniques. The W and Cu precursor powders were combined by a high-energy ball-milling procedure in air or hexane. The mechanically alloyed W+Cu powder mixtures were then cold pressed into green compacts and sintered at 1523 K. The milling medium and milling time were varied to increase product densities with a concomitant order-of-magnitude decrease in grain size. For densification, air was found to be a more effective medium than hexane. From microhardness measurements, it was concluded that the W-Cu alloys were dispersion and solution hardened, but were sensitive to entrapped residual impurities. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron micros-copy (SEM) analyses were used to demonstrate that the as-milled and sintered W-Cu alloy structures were metastable, decomposing into the starting W and Cu components upon heating at or above 723 K.     

Low temperature microwave sintering of Cu0.7Ni0.3(Al2O3) nanocomposite

In the present study, the effects of microwave sintering (MWS) on microstructural, tribological and corrosion properties of Cu_0.7Ni_0.3-5?wt-% Al₂O₃ nanocomposites were evaluated. The Cu and Ni powders along with Al₂O₃ nanopowder were mixed in a high-energy ball mill. The XRD patterns indicating formation of Cu_0.7Ni_0.3 solid solution alloy during mechanical alloying process. The mechanically alloyed powders were compacted by coldpress, and sintered samples at 200 and 300°C for 30 and 60?min by means of conventional sintering and MWS. Tribological properties of sintered samples were evaluated by ball-on-disk wear test. For MWS, results indicate that increasing the MWS temperature decreased the wear rate about 30%. Corrosion behaviour of nanocomposites were studied by cyclic potentiodynamic polarisation in 1?M NaOH solution and was found that corrosion current density of microwave sintered sample was decreased almost 35 times of that for conventional sintered sample.     

Microstructures of Sintered Mo-Cu Alloys with Mechanically Activated Powder

Mechanical activation and liquid phase sintering were used to manufacture high performance Mo-Cu alloy and develop new processes. The microstructures and properties of the alloy were investigated. The experimental results showed that: (1) the ball milled Mo/Cu powder has lamellar structure, (2) the microstructures of the sintered Mo-Cu alloy were homogenous compound structures of adhesive phase Cu linking Mo grains, (3) Mo grains frequently strung or ga thered in Cu phase, and (4) the full densities of Mo-Cu alloy was achieved through sintering and special densification process. As a result, the properties of the alloy are good enough to satisfy various requirements.     

一种制备W-Cu复合材料的新工艺

随着微电子信息技术的发展,W-Cu复合材料被用作基片、连接件和散热元件等热沉材料,因而具有更广泛的用途.采用喷雾干燥-氢还原法制备了W-10Cu、W-15Cu和W-20Cu(Cu的质量分数依次为10%、15%和20%)超细钨铜复合粉,并经过成形和烧结制得W-15Cu合金,测量了烧结后的合金导热性能.结果表明,在一定的还原条件下,可以获得粒度细小、氧含量低、钨铜复合均匀的W-Cu复合粉末;W-15Cu合金的相对密度可以达到99.34%,结构组织高度均匀、一致,热导率为184.0 W/m·K,已达到其做为热沉材料的热性能要求.     

Sintering Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Al–Cu–Mg–Si–Sn Aluminum Alloy

The present study investigates the effect of compaction pressure and sintering temperature on densification response and mechanical properties of the Al–3.8Cu–1Mg–0.8Si–0.3Sn (2712) alloy. The compacts were pressed at 200 and 400 MPa and sintered at temperatures ranging from 570–630°C in vacuum (10^?6 Torr). The objective of the present work is to obtain an optimum sintering conditions for achieving higher sintered densities and mechanical properties. The effect of sintering temperature is evaluated by measuring the sintered density, densification parameter, microstructure, phase changes and mechanical properties. While a higher sintering temperature results in densification enhancement, it also leads to microstructural coarsening. Significant improvement in mechanical properties is obtained through age-hardening of sintered alloy under various ageing conditions (T4, T6 and T8).     

镀钨碳纳米管增强铜基复合材料的制备及性能

采用羰基热分解法对多壁碳纳米管表面进行镀钨处理,并以镀钨碳纳米管和电解铜粉为原料,进行机械球磨混粉和放电等离子体烧结,制备了镀钨碳纳米管/铜基复合材料.采用场发射扫描电镜观察了粉体和复合材料的组织形貌,并对复合材料物相进行了X射线衍射分析.探讨了镀钨碳纳米管含量和放电等离子体烧结温度对复合材料致密度、抗拉强度、延伸率和电导率的影响.结果表明,镀钨碳纳米管质量分数为1%和烧结温度为850℃时,复合材料的致密度、抗拉强度和电导率最高.与烧结纯铜相比,复合材料的抗拉强度提高了103.6%,电导率仅降低15.9%.