Some factors affecting the reduction of overt hostility.

2 assumptions were tested to explain observations that initial expressions of aggression may be followed by decline in such unfriendly attitudes. The "symbolic catharsis hypothesis" assumes the reduction of hostile attitudes due to vicarious (fantasy) expression of hostility; guilt theory assumes inhibition, rather than reduction, of hostile atitudes. Ss were fed information, supposedly opinions of each other, which encouraged unfriendly or friendly attitudes. Ss were then either allowed to associate to TAT cards or fed additional information so as to be made to feel guilty about unfriendly attitudes towards the other. Results were interpreted as supporting the guilt hypothesis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Some factors affecting the quality of therapeutic relationships.

The degree to which the quality of the therapeutic relationship established by two equally "expert" therapists with the same patient sample varies in terms of the therapist's personality and his perceptions of the patients is investigated. "It was found that the therapist who was able to establish the better social relationships also established the better therapeutic relationships. Moreover the therapist who perceived a patient as more closely approximating his 'ideal patient' concept created the better relationship with that patient." 21 references. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Some factors affecting the likelihood of moderate drinking by treated alcoholics

The 1-year outcome in alcoholics who participated in an outpatient alcoholism treatment program which stressed moderate drinking as the ultimate treatment goal was investigated. The results suggest that such an approach, in an otherwise conventional treatment program, is likely to result in a higher rate of moderate drinking and a lower rate of abstinence but not in a higher over-all recovery rate than a total-abstinence orientation.     

Some factors affecting the amount of information sought about others.

This investigation examined the effects upon the amount of information that Ss would seek about others of: (a) the sex of the S; (b) whether the information was all positive, all negative, or ambivalent; and (c) the sex of the other person. The results indicate that female Ss seek more information than males, that Ss seek more ambivalent than univalent information, and that less information is sought when the other person is a woman than when the other is a man. The valence of the final impression was clearly related to the valence of the information that Ss received, although male Ss formed a highly negative impression of women who were described in ambivalent terms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Some factors affecting the transverse strength of repaired denture acrylic resin

The reappearance of strongyle eggs in faeces after treatment with ivermectin or pyrantel embonate was investigated in 22 foals, 36 yearlings, and 45 adult horses on five Dutch horse farms. The results confirmed earlier studies which showed an egg reappearance period of 9 and 6 weeks after ivermectin and pyrantel treatment, respectively. There were no differences between the egg reappearance periods of foals, yearlings, and adult horses. The mean egg counts of the yearlings were, however, consistently higher than the mean egg counts of the adult horses and foals in both ivermectin- and pyrantel-treated animals. It is concluded that shorter treatment intervals in foals and yearlings are not obligatory. However, longer intervals must be prevented in yearlings because their contribution to pasture contamination is relatively high.     

Some biological factors affecting survival, with particular relation to farm animals

Non-infectious hemagglutinating particles of rabies virus accumulated in the fluid phase of chick embryo cell cultures at 6 days post-infection, though they were undetectable at 4 days. They were characterized as looped filaments resembling viral envelope as revealed by electron microscopy. Another form of hemagglutinin (HAnin) was obtained by solubilization of partially purified virions with Nonidet P-40 (NP-40) followed by successive high speed and CsCl density gradient centrifugations. The density of the isolated HAnin averaged 1.28 g/cm3. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the HAnin demonstrated that it was mainly composed of a glycoprotein (G) with a molecular weight of 83,000. Electron microscopically, it differed from the above non-infectious hemagglutinating particles, being much smaller in size and showing a star- or rosette-like appearance with a diameter of about 25 nm, composed of a central particle surrounded by particles resembling envelope-spikes. Virus-neutralizing (VN) and hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibodies were produced in rabbits immunized with the HAnin isolated from virions.     

影响转炉脱磷的因素分析

本文主要从转炉脱磷的理论分析入手,探讨了炉渣碱度、FeO的质量分数和冶炼过程温度对磷的质量分数的影响及回磷的原因、影响因素及防止措施等.同时本文指出应控制炉渣碱度、FeO、终点温度在合理范围内,并应重视钢水回磷问题.     

Some factors affecting an individual's estimate of his probable success in a group situation.

"The data supported the following 2 hypotheses: (a) the more successful an individual's past group experience, the more favorable is his subjective likelihood estimate of subsequent success via group action, and (b) the more equivocal the information possessed by the individual concerning an alternate course of action available to him, the less certain is he of his subjective likelihood estimate of success via that course of action." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

谈信息研究中的影响因素

分析信息研究中的传统文化带来的客观影响因素及研究者自身存在着误区的主观影响因素,为从事信息工作更加高效合理提供了经验和参考.     

Gastroschisis: factors affecting prognosis

Over a ten-year period 21 children with gastroschisis were treated either with a direct full-layer closure or with a silastic sac closure of the abdominal wall defect. No mortality or longterm morbidity resulted from either form of therapy in the group of patients that had no anatomical interruption of the gastro-intestinal tract. Silastic sac closure did, however, result in a higher incidence of septicemia. In the group of patients that presented with an anatomical interruption of the G.I. tract, considerable mortality and morbidity resulted. The outcome in these patients was determined by the associated bowel lesion rather than by the gastroschisis as such.     

影响转炉脱磷的因素分析

主要从转炉脱磷的理论分析入手,探讨炉渣碱度、（FeO）含量和冶炼过程温度对磷含量的影响及回磷的原因、影响因素及防止措施等。同时指出应控制炉渣碱度、（FeO）含量、终点温度在合理范围内,并应重视钢水回磷问题。     

Histologic factors affecting prognosis of pure seminoma of the testis

The histologic features of 92 cases of pure seminoma of the testis were reviewed in relation to the presence and degree of fibrosis, necrosis, granulomatous and lymphocytic reactions, interstitial cell hyperplasia, and lymphatic and/or vascular invasion associated with the primary tumor. No relationship between any of the histologic factors studied and survival was established.     

Metallurgical factors affecting the crack growth resistance of a superalloy

During creep loading of IN-792, grain boundary morphology in conjunction with grain size strongly affected crack propagation. Compositional variations and fabrication techniques showed no significant effect. A primary requirement for materials to be used in gas turbine engine discs is satisfactory resistance to crack growth resistance in the 650 to 760°C range. Both conventional smooth and machine notched stress-rupture samples and dead weight loaded fatigue precracked fracture toughness specimens were evaluated in this study. Creep fractures took place by grain boundary cracking followed by rapid transgranular fractures. Composition variations had only very slight effects on crack propagation. Materials hot worked from castings had the same properties as those made by powder metallurgy techniques. The primary factors influencing the crack growth behavior were the grain size and grain shape. Increasing grain size markedly improved the toughness. By slow cooling through the gamma prime solvus a serrated grain boundary structure was developed that also improved the cracking resistance. Earlier creep fracture toughness studies have shown that the slow crack growth behavior can be described by a critical strain model in which the crack propagation is controlled by the yield strength, grain size, and a critical strain parameter. The present results are consistent with this model, with serrated grain boundaries introducing a four-fold increase in the critical strain parameter over that of smooth grained material.     

影响带钢头部厚度精度原因的分析

热轧带钢的厚度精度是产品质量的重要指标,文章结合数学模型和工程日志对生产中影响带钢头部厚度的原因进行了分析,得出轧制温度是影响厚度的主要原因.计算了温度对厚度影响的程度.结合生产实际操作指出了提高头部厚度精度的方法.     

Some variables affecting dentists' assessment of patients' distress.

43 2nd-yr dental students estimated the pain, anxiety, and distress of 43 patients who received a simple filling. Measures included a dental experience questionnaire and the Self-Monitoring Scale. Dentist's estimates of patient pain accounted for 36% of the variance in patient self-report responses. Dentist accuracy was unaffected by patients' degree of self-monitoring. Dentists' accuracy in assessing overall patient discomfort was significantly lower in that segment of the treatment that was most stressful for the dentists. This finding was interpreted as an attentional overload on processing ability. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Donor factors affecting outcome after pancreas transplantation

In this study, we demonstrated that Px grafts from donors older than 45 years are associated with an increased risk of developing poor glycemic control and premature loss of Px function. Previous studies corroborate our finding that age of the donor is the principal donor characteristic impacting postoperative Px survival. Whereas prior studies also implicated hyperamylasemia as a factor which contributes adversely to outcome, we were unable to demonstrate a significant influence of donor hyperamylasemia on long-term graft survival, although it did correlate with the degree of immediate postoperative pancreatitis and with the need for oral hypoglycemic agents. Similarly, elevated blood glucoses in the donor, which can be a result of many other factors unrelated to the quality of the graft, did not predict a poor outcome in the recipient. NHB donor pancreata did as well as HB pancreata with regards to all postoperative functional parameters. A marginally increased risk of developing major complications was associated with older donors. Despite the frequent use of non-ideal donors, including older and NHB donors, excellent overall Px graft survival can be achieved. Although the quality of the pancreas graft was not directly addressed in this study, we believe irrespective of hyperglycemia or hyperamylasemia, subjective assessment of organ quality by an experienced transplant surgeon is the most important determinant of suitability.     

Psychological factors affecting health after toxicological disasters

Exposure to toxic substances in the environment is an ever more common event, that may cause physical as well as psychological harm. When an entire community is exposed, the term 'toxicological disaster' is used. The mere threat of such an event may be a source of stress, associated with changes in mental health, physical health, and changes in health-related behaviors. A review is presented of the literature about the effects of the stressful experience of toxicological disasters on health and health-related behaviors. Three questions are examined: (a) do toxicological disasters represent a specific type of stressor, different from other stressors?; (b) which stress-mediated health effects have been observed in the aftermath of toxicological disasters? and (c) is there evidence for a higher vulnerability in certain identifiable risk groups? On the basis of the available literature, it is concluded that toxicological disasters may have profound effects on subjective health, especially on symptom reporting, and on a number of psychophysiological parameters. Evidence for a substantial impact of disaster-related stress on either physical or psychiatric morbidity remains inconclusive. In this respect toxicological disasters do not appear to differ from other stressors. There is some evidence that toxicological disasters may have a more pronounced effect on health-related behaviors, especially on reproductive behavior (number of births and abortions). Women, and especially those who have young children to care for, appear to be more at risk for the observed health effects. The evidence for a higher vulnerability in other risk groups (e.g., former psychiatric patients remains inconclusive.