低副瓣直线阵的最坏情况容差最优化方法研究

本文以激励系数为设计参量,讨论了直线阵的最坏情况容差最优化问题,给出了直线阵的最坏情况问题,固定容差问题和可变容差问题,研究了它们的新求解方法。固定容差问题将采用正多面体方法来求解,可变容差问题由一个双层迭代算法求解。可变容差问题以实际与理想方向图在容差域中的最大偏差为基准,协调阵列方向图的副(?)电平和激励系数的容差,使阵列方向图的副(?)电平满足所希望的指标要求,同时尽可能地放宽激励系数的容差,文中最后给出了6元和16元直线阵的最坏情况容差最优化的模拟计算结果。     

Study of Low Sidelobe Time Modulated Linear Antenna Arrays at Millimeter-Waves

In this paper, the time modulation technique for the design of low sidelobe antenna arrays is extended to millimeter-wave frequency band. Millimeter-wave rectangular waveguide is selected as the element radiators of linear antenna arrays, and the element radiation patterns are taken into account in the analysis and design of low sidelobe time modulated linear arrays. Two types of time modulation, namely, the time modulated variable aperture sizes (VAS) and unidirectional phase center motion (UPCM), are implemented in the design of low sidelobe millimeter waveguide linear arrays. It is observed that both the co-polarized and the cross-polarized components will experience the time modulation effect simultaneously. Many factors that affect the array performance are discussed.     

基于最小冗余线阵的ROC—ML测向方法

在冲击噪声环境下,通过构造数据把最小冗余线阵的共变矩阵虚拟成多阵元均匀线阵的共变矩阵。在虚拟的阵列流型和扩展的共变矩阵基础上,推导出了基于最小冗余线阵和共变矩阵的最大似然算法。由于所提方法可虚拟出更多有效阵元数,扩展了阵列孔径,可以提高最大似然算法估计性能。为了快速求解所提的基于最小冗余共变矩的ML测向算法,设计了自适应文化算法求解所提出的目标函数。Monte—Carlo仿真试验证明了所提的测向算法具有估计性能好、抗冲击噪声能力强且可以用较少的阵元测出更多的信源。     

二维相控阵的自适应—自适应旁瓣对消策略

传统旁瓣对消方法采用单元天线作为辅助通道,系统对消输出的信噪比较低,且合成阵列存在较高的副瓣抬升隐患。针对二维稀疏阵列的应用特点,提出一种新的自适应—自适应旁瓣对消策略。该方法取代了传统方法中使用的单元天线以及数字加权方法,使用小型阵列作为辅助通道和射频加权,并借助辅助通道对干扰方向进行估计,根据估计得到的干扰方向信息对辅助子阵列内部的射频加权系数进行调整,使得辅助通道的波束最大可能地对准干扰方向。最后利用恒增益对消技术,实现主阵列中的旁瓣对消。仿真实验结果表明了该方法的有效性和优势。     

Simplified Sidelobe Reduction Techniques for Concentric Ring Arrays

In this paper, a simplified sidelobe reduction technique for uniform concentric circular antenna arrays (UCCA) is proposed. This technique is based on modifying some conventional windows to control the amplitude feeding instead of using adaptive techniques which require excessive processing and calculations and suffer from the lack of practical application especially for UCCA. The modified windows are applied to individual rings of the array that will taper the corresponding current amplitudes. The resulted sidelobe level, beamwidth and stability for amplitude errors are discussed for the different proposed windows where it shows a sidelobe reduction to about 49 dB as in the case of Binomial UCCA while the Hamming window shows the most immunity to tapered amplitude errors.     

基于约束最小冗余线阵的ESPRIT测向方法

当信号源互不相关时，均匀线阵输出信号的相关矩阵是赫尔米特托 普尼兹矩阵。本文根据这一事实，提出了基于约束最小冗余线阵的ＥＳＰＲＩＴ测向方法。理论分析和计算机模拟实验     

一种新的低副瓣曲线阵数值综合方法

本文提出了一种新的低副瓣曲线阵数值综合方法。把曲线阵综合问题表述为约束非线性最优化问题,利用新直接方法求解它,即可求出使阵列的总方向图满足特定的副瓣电平指标,且具有尽可能高的方向性系数的激励和空间分布,文中主要给出了自由空间曲线阵综合的数学模型和计算结果,并给出了直线阵时新综合方法与Taylor分布的比较结果。新综合方法也适用于共形曲线阵综合问题。     

基于二阶锥规划的非均匀线列阵优化波束形成

针对常规Chebyshev方法只能应用于均匀线列阵恒定旁瓣级优化波束形成的问题,提出基于二阶锥规划的非均匀线列阵恒定旁瓣级优化波束形成方法.该方法根据波束形成器在期望信号方向无失真响应和旁瓣级恒定条件下最小化波束噪声输出功率的准则来设计优化波束形成.这种优化波束形成问题可以通过数学变换转化为标准二阶锥规划形式进行求解.仿真结果表明,通过选取合适的旁瓣约束范围,所提方法对于均匀线列阵和非均匀线列阵均可以取得理想的恒定旁瓣级优化波束形成结果.     

最小冗余阵旁瓣抑制算法研究

最小冗余阵作为智能天线中的一种,能以较少的阵元数获得比均匀阵大得多的阵列孔径,从而提高分辨率、简化系统、降低成本。但阵列的非均匀性导致最小冗余阵的旁瓣电平过高,为此文中提出了一种基于子空间的迭代算法抑制其旁瓣。仿真结果表明：此方法收敛速度快,可控旁瓣个数多,并且利用低旁瓣的最小冗余阵,对角度靠近观察方向的干扰进行抑制时,抗干扰能力增强,信号噪声干扰比得到提高。     

固态有源相控阵天线多阶振幅量化及副瓣特性的研究

本文研究了多阶振幅量化二维低副瓣固态有源相控阵天线的口径设计方法，结果表明，这种方法能够有效地降低固态有源相控阵的峰值副瓣电平，并且可适且于任意复杂口径天线。另外，对于随机幅相误差和单元（或Ｔ／Ｒ组件）失而引起的增益损失及峰值副瓣电平恶化也进行了分析。     

基于四阶累量的约束最小冗余线阵的ESPRIT波达方向估计方法

本文利用四阶累量的信息设计出约束最小冗余线阵，并提出了基于四阶累量的约束最小冗余线阵的ESPRIT波达方向估计方法．该方法具有以下特点：能够检测高斯加性噪声中的非高斯信号；突破了ESPRIT方法所要求的阵列构造，阵列孔径利用率高，可以用较少阵元估计出更多信号源的波达方向。本文最后给出的模拟实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

超低副瓣相控阵天线设计中的几个问题

本文论述了超低副瓣相控阵天线的设计方法，它涉及诸多因素，这里主要研究诸如阵列单元互耦，单元与馈电系统之间的传输变换段，阵列激励与位置误差，以及单元通道校准问题。     

超低副瓣偶极子相控阵互耦的研究＊

本文首次提出了从网络定义出发求偶极子阵列天线单元间互阻抗的方法,然后提出了用互阻抗矩阵来补偿单元间互耦的方法。计算结果表明:在扫描角不太大的情形下,用本文提出的互耦补偿方法是有效的。并在此基础上讨论了互耦对单元上电流分布规律的影响以及对副瓣电平的影响,为实现超低副瓣相控阵提供了详细的分析依据。     

基于耦合本振阵列的旁瓣抑制技术研究

以耦合振荡器阵列作为本振阵列,提出具有旁瓣抑制的接收波束天线阵列扩展结构,推导了其接收波束形成的方向图函数,分析了该接收波束旁瓣抑制技术的可行性,并通过计算机仿真验证了旁瓣抑制技术的理论分析结果,为耦合振荡器阵列应用于天线接收的干扰抑制技术提供了理论基础。     

Beam Steering with Linear Arrays

The principles and techniques of real-time imaging with phased array ultrasound scanners are reviewed. Topics include 1) the geometric optics of beam steering and focusing with a linear array in the transmit and receive modes; 2) limitations on image data acquisition due to ultrasound propagation velocity; 3) optical diffraction theory for linear arrays including effects of amplitude grating lobes. Limitations on the image quality of phased array imaging systems are also discussed, including 1) nonideal response of array transducers; 2) target ambiguities caused by phase error grating lobes; 3) refraction errors; 4) delay line design. Finally, an analysis is presented of current techniques for improving ultrasound image quality using phased array methods including phase compensation, spatial compounding, frequency compounding, and parallel processing.     

Far-Field Multicast Beamforming for Uniform Linear Antenna Arrays

The problem of transmit beamforming to multiple cochannel multicast groups is considered for the important special case when the channel vectors are Vandermonde. This arises when a uniform linear antenna antenna (ULA) array is used at the transmitter under far-field line-of-sight propagation conditions, as provisioned in 802.16e and related wireless backhaul scenarios. Two design approaches are pursued: (i) minimizing the total transmitted power subject to providing at least a prescribed received signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) to each intended receiver; and (ii) maximizing the minimum received SINR under a total transmit power budget. Whereas these problems have been recently shown to be NP-hard, in general, it is proven here that for Vandermonde channel vectors, it is possible to recast the optimization in terms of the autocorrelation sequences of the sought beam vectors, yielding an equivalent convex reformulation. This affords efficient optimal solution using modern interior point methods. The optimal beam vectors can then be recovered using spectral factorization. Robust extensions for the case of partial channel state information, where the direction of each receiver is known to lie in an interval, are also developed. Interestingly, these also admit convex reformulation. The various optimal designs are illustrated and contrasted in a suite of pertinent numerical experiments.     

圆柱面上的轴向偶极子阵的低副瓣方向图优化综合

本文利用新的非线性最优化方法讨论圆柱面上的轴向偶极子阵的低副瓣方向图优化综合问题，利用阵列的单元可实现增益方向图，我们把阵列综合问题表述为一个约束非线性规划问题，采用新直接法求解该问题即可得出一组使阵列的总方向图满足副瓣指标要求，同时具有尽可能高的方向性系数的激励系数，如果阵列的总方向图不能达到副瓣指标，则可得出一组使阵列方向图在可达到的副瓣方向图综合设计的模拟计算结果。     

空间扫描柱面轴向偶极子阵的低副瓣控制

本文利用约束非线性最优化方法，研究空间扫描柱面轴向偶极子阵的低副瓣综合问题。     

Synthesis of Low and Equal-Ripple Sidelobe Patterns in Time-Modulated Circular Antenna Arrays

In this paper, the time modulation technique is applied into circular antenna arrays with uniform amplitude excitations for the synthesis of ultra-low sidelobe and equal-ripple radiation patterns. The differential evolution (DE) algorithm is adopted to optimize the excitation phases and the switch-on time intervals of each element of the time-modulated circular array (TMCA). Several low-sidelobe patterns synthesized from TMCAs were compared to those of the conventional circular arrays. Numerical results show that the TMCA can be successfully used for the synthesis of low SLLs even if the amplitude excitations are uniform. Supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60571023, the New Century Excellent Talent Program in China (Grant No. NCET-06-0809), and in part by the 111 project of China (Grant No. B07046).