Spatial Decision Support System for Watershed Management

A prototype spatial decision support system (SDSS) is presented for watershed management. The SDSS integrates landuse/landcover derived from the remote sensing data, real-time hydrological data, geographic information system, and a model-based subsystem for computing soil loss, land capability classification and engineering measures. A graphical user interface has been developed to allow effective use by decision makers. The model-based subsystem employs a process-based soil erosion model to compute soil loss in spatial environment. Computed pixel-based soil loss information is an input to the land capability classification and watershed management modules. The developed SDSS can help the end users in avoiding the laborious procedures of soil erosion calculations and analysing various thematic layers to get suitable watershed management practices. The SDSS for watershed management is applied to the Tones watershed in India to compute soil loss, to prioritise watersheds, and to suggest various watershed management practices.     

Multicriteria Decision Support for Selection of Alternatives Directed to Integrated Urban Water Management

Water Resources Management - The management of water resources in medium and large cities has been changing in recent years, mainly as a result of climate change and the sharp increase of...     

A Sustainable Decision Support Framework for Urban Water Management

This paper develops a decision support framework that assists managers in the urban water industry to analyse a mix of water service options, at the whole-of-city scale. The decision support framework moves decision-making in urban water systems from traditional command and control approaches that tend to focus on an outcome at a point in time to a more sustainable, inclusive and dynamic decision-making process driven by social learning and engagement. While available models and evaluation techniques provide valuable input to decision-making, the complex nature of urban water systems requires more than just social and economic criteria to be considered as part of decision support frameworks. The authors believe that current decision support frameworks need to be presented in a way that incorporates adaptive management and integrated urban water management strengths at the strategic and operational level. The inclusion of social learning and engagement is necessary to achieving this end.     

A Multicriteria Group Decision Model to Support Watershed Committees in Brazil

The involvement of multiple decision makers in water resources management can be very complex, involving the possibilities of conflicts amongst the stakeholders and the influence of powerful members over the preference of others. The inherent characteristic of decisions also increases this complexity due to many alternatives being involved and there being multiple criteria. Some of these criteria conflict with each other and the consequences of which will have great impact on those involved and on third parties. Therefore, a group decision support system model based on multicriteria analysis can be a powerful tool to support this kind of management. This study presents a tool to support the committee responsible for the management of the watersheds in Brazil in order to promote decentralization and the participation of all involved in the water resources management. The tool provides a ranking of alternatives for the environmental recuperation of the watershed through the use of the multicriteria method PROMETHEE II. For each decision maker, the alternatives were ranked and then the individual rankings were combined into a global ranking which contained the preferences of the whole group.     

Integrated Decision Support System for Prognostic and Diagnostic Analyses of Water Distribution System Failures

This paper presents an innovative decision support system (DSS) for prognostic and diagnostic analyses of water distribution system (WDS) failures. The framework of the DSS is based on four novel models developed and published by the authors of this paper. The four models include reliability assessment model, leakage potential model, leakage detection model, and water quality failure potential model. Information obtained from these models together with external information such as customer complaints, lab test results (if any), and historical information are integrated using Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory to evaluate prognostic and diagnostic capabilities of the DSS. The prognostic capabilities of the DSS provide hydraulic and water quality states of a WDS whereas the diagnostic capabilities of the DSS help to identify the failure location with minimal time after the occurrence and will help to reduce false positive and false negative predictions. The framework has ‘unique’ capacity to bring the modeling information (hydraulic and Quality), consumer complaints, historical failure data, and laboratory test information under a single platform to perform a prognostic and diagnostic investigation of WDS failures (hydraulic and Quality). The proof of concept of the DSS has been demonstrated using data used in published four articles. The outcomes of this research widely addressed the uncertainties associated with WDS which improves the efficiency and effectiveness of diagnosis and prognosis analyses of WDS. It is expected that the developed integrated framework will help municipalities to make informed decisions to increase the safety, reliability and the security of public health.     

Fuzzy AHP Based Multi Crteria Decision Support for Watershed Prioritization

Water Resources Management - The article presents an efficient multi-criteria decision support model (MCDSM) to prioritize susceptible areas in a watershed for soil conservation measures based on...     

A Decision Support Methodology for Integrated Urban Water Management in Remote Settlements

This paper describes a decision support methodology for the selection of a wastewater treatment system based on integrated urban water management principles for a remote settlement with failing septic systems. Thirty-two service and treatment technologies options were considered, these included: (i) conventional gravity sewerage, (ii) common effluent drainage, (iii) community sewage treatment plant based on various technology options (lagoon treatment, Living Machine®, sequencing batch reactor, membrane biological reactor, rotating biological contactor, recirculating textile filter, extended aeration) with and without urine separation, greywater diversion or treatment and reuse at household scale. The options were assessed using a framework that considered technical, economic, environmental and social factors relevant to the local community and associated stakeholders (water utility, government agencies) and tools such as engineering design, life cycle assessment and multi-criteria analysis for evaluation of overall sustainability. Adoption of a systems approach allowed the identification of benefits and trade-offs among stakeholders creating opportunities for adoption of more innovative treatment options and maximisation of the sustainability of the service. The treatment option that maximised the social, environmental and economic benefits for the settlement consisted of individual households adopting greywater treatment, storage and reuse, urine separation and a community wastewater treatment plant with recirculating textile filter technology. This solution provided the required sanitation, increased the sources of water supply to residents, satisfied environmental regulator requirements, minimised nitrogen discharge to waterways and provided an option for beneficial reuse of urine for neighbouring farmers at a cost and management needs acceptable to the water utility.     

滞洪区决策支持系统的设计

介绍滞洪区决策支持系统的系统结构、各模块的设计方法、进行洪水演进计算时所采用的水力计算方法 ,预测滞洪可能引起的灾情损失 .以多媒体形式 ,动态地显示不同工况下的洪水演进过程 .     

Optimal Design of LIDs in Urban Stormwater Systems Using a Harmony-Search Decision Support System

During the last years, climate changes and urbanization are causing huge urban pluvial flood events in many countries in the world, driving to both develop and apply effective and innovative approaches for the design and management of urban stormwater systems. The gradual urbanization is provoking the increase of impervious surfaces and, consequently, of surface runoff and velocity and the reduction of concentration times of watersheds, both increasing soil erosion and worsening the water quality as a consequence of the intensive contamination. In this field, Low Impact Development (LID) practices for urban runoff control can be intended as an effective approach to both improve the urban resilience against the flooding risk and assure environmental interventions to adequate the urban stormwater systems to both climate and land use changes. In this paper, a Decision Support System (DSS) for the optimal design of LIDs in urban watershed is presented and discussed. The procedure is tested on Fuorigrotta (IT) and Ponticelli (IT) urban watersheds, with the aim of assessing the effectiveness of LIDs application in reducing both the flooded and conveyed volumes, at the expense of cost-effective solutions.     

基于Web Service的城市水资源决策支持系统开发及应用

以Microsoft Visual Studio.NET 2003为主要开发工具,采用ASP.NET语言开发的基于Web Service技术的城市水资源决策支持系统,采用三层B/S结构模式,由信息管理子系统、需水预测子系统、可利用水分析子系统、水资源优化配置子系统和系统管理等5个子系统组成,可以满足城市水资源决策支持的功能要求,可以通过Internet远程访问和管理,界面友好,操作方便,具有很强的灵活性和可移植性。     

基于知识网格的电厂协同维护决策支持系统探讨

实现广域范围内的协同维护决策是维护领域的前沿研究课题之一。为了解决电厂维护领域中知识资源的共享和利用问题，在分析目前维护网络现状和需求的基础上，以实现群体协同维护决策为目标，建立了基于知识网格的多种知识、多类方法、多组信息和多方面资源支持的协同维护决策的体系结构，并对知识建模方法进行了研究。资源节点之间相互开放，共享资源信息，由知识网格平台统一管理和调度，相互协调，为不同电厂、制造商及研究单位提供所需的服务信息，有利于提高维护决策支持系统的诊断水平和处理能力、降低诊断和维修成本、提高诊断处理的效率，为逐步实现状态检修提供了一种切实可行的方法。     

An Intelligent Decision Support System for Management of Floods

Integrating human knowledge with modeling tools, an intelligent decision support system (DSS) is developed to assist decision makers during different phases of flood management. The DSS is developed as a virtual planning tool and can address both engineering and non-engineering issues related to flood management. Different models (hydrodynamic, forecasting, and economic) that are part of the DSS share data and communicate with each other by providing feedback. The DSS is able to assist in: selecting suitable flood damage reduction options (using an expert system approach); forecasting floods (using artificial neural networks approach); modeling the operation of flood control structures; and describing the impacts (area flooded and damage) of floods in time and space. The proposed DSS is implemented for the Red River Basin in Manitoba, Canada. The results from the test application of DSS for 1997 flood in the Red River Basin are very promising. The DSS is able to predict the peak flows with 2% error and reveals that with revised operating rules the contribution of Assiniboine River to the flooding of Winnipeg city can be significantly reduced. The decision support environment allows a number of “what-if” type questions to be asked and answered, thus, multiple decisions can be tried without having to deal with the real life consequences.     

黄土高原小流域雨水资源可持续利用指标体系及评价方法研究

针对黄土高原雨水资源利用现状和小流域雨水资源化特点,以小流域为单元,以雨水资源为研究对象,借鉴可持续发展理论,遵循科学、实用及简明的原则,构建雨水资源可持续利用评价指标体系,并利用均方差权数决策方法,对流域雨水资源可持续利用进行全面分析和定量评价。     

基于数据仓库的网架恢复群体智能决策支持系统

电力系统网架恢复问题具有多目标、多约束、连续和整型变量混杂以及不确定性等特点,难以建立精确的数学模型进行求解。综合考虑暂态过电压、工频过电压、自励磁、负荷恢复引起的频率波动、机组/负荷特性及其重要程度、恢复时间、线路可用传输容量、设备故障概率等约束条件和影响因素,建立了基于数据仓库的输电网架恢复群体智能决策支持系统模型,提出三段式的输电网架恢复策略,利用多属性效用理论综合考虑各属性评价值并做出最终恢复决策。该系统既可为案例推理生成可行的案例库,又可在实际恢复过程中为决策者提供在线支持。     

山西省抗旱决策支持系统建设

山西省抗旱决策支持系统是以现代信息技术为基础、对旱情进行实时／准实时监测的系统，根据灾情预测做出决策，合理调配水资源，减少灾害损失。本文论述了建设山西省抗旱决策支持系统的必要性、可行性和将要采取的技术路线，以及该系统实现后的功能。     

A Decision Model for Identifying and Solving Problems in an Urban Water Supply System

Water Resources Management - Water supply systems in urban areas may become deficient due to increasing demand, which accompanies population growth but is further jeopardized by equipment aging and...     

基于实时诊断的大坝健康决策支持系统

为实现对大坝的实时监控,及时掌握大坝运行状况,运用现代网络通信和计算机技术,综合多种数学方法,开发了大坝健康诊断实时监控决策支持系统,实现了对大坝安全监测信息的全面管理和分析,及时对异常数据和异常现象做出报警、评判和反馈,并进行一定层次的故障根源查找,帮助大坝管理部门及时做出正确的决策.文中阐述了该系统的结构以及各子系统的组成和功能.     

柘溪水库调度决策支持系统设计与开发

在总结柘溪电站早期建设的决策支持系统经验的基础上，从分析电站特点和业务需求出发，遵循实用性、稳健性、先进性等原则进行了柘溪水库调度决策支持系统的设计和开发。现场实际运行效果表明系统具有较大的实用价值和较强的推广意义。最后总结了系统的特点并分析了综合利用水库调度决策支持系统的发展趋势。     

Rule-based Decision Support System for the Morphological Rehabilitation of Watercourses

A rule-based decision support system (DSS) has been developed to assist decision makers in preparing the EU programme of measures. The rehabilitation of morphological structures of small and medium-sized watercourses in Germany is the main objective. The lack of quantitative date and knowledge is the main obstacle in hydromorphological modelling. Therefore, DSS manipulates the decision-making process in a qualitative manner based on the knowledge of experts. The acquired knowledge is used to formulate ‘if–then’ rules to solve modelling problems. The developed DSS enables decision makers to select any watercourse in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), investigate the feasibility of different rehabilitation measures, predict the impact on the morphological structure and prepare a programme of morphological measures including cost estimation. The system has been implemented for the watercourses in NRW and validated with field data. First results show good agreement between the proposed morphological rehabilitation measures and the implemented ones as well as a satisfactory performance in predicting the morphological structure after implementation of the rehabilitation measures.     

Development of a Decision Support System for Irrigation Systems Analysis

Different groups of hydrants or configurations operate simultaneously in on-demand pressurized irrigation systems, generating different flow regimes. The varieties of flow regimes cause a variability in hydrant pressure and consequently an adequate analysis of the hydraulic performance of the system is needed for better operation and adequate management. A reliable performance assessment needs a modern diagnostic analysis in space and time. To this aim, this research assessed the hydraulic performance of an irrigation district distribution network calculating two performance indicators at hydrant level: relative pressure deficit and reliability, and integrated the outputs in a geographic information system environment providing a framework for a decision support system (DSS). The user friendly interface provides detailed, attainable and interpretable information to address the present scenario as well as the future development of the system, and facilitates the cooperation among researchers, managers, and manufacturers to improve operation, maintenance, and management activities.