Agent-Based Modeling for Evaluation of Crop Pattern and Water Management Policies

Water Resources Management - The objective of the present paper is to propose a framework for development of an optimal cropping pattern aimed at ground water recovery using an agent based...     

Facilitation Model for Supporting Integrative Water Resource Management

In this paper, the Soft Systems Methodology foundations was integrated to a water resources management model to construct a facilitation process to support integrative water resources management. The facilitation model aims to achieve agreements over conflicts, by promoting engagement of actors to construct a common and holistic understanding about the problematic situation through an interactive, participative, clear, and transparent process. The facilitation model is divided into two phases: (i) Preparing Logistics and (ii) Work meeting. The first phase starts when a conflict emerges, then, the facilitator should prepare the logistics necessary to proceed with the examination of the problem, including the selection of volunteers who will compose the work group. The second phase is intended to the application of an interactive and participatory modeling approach organized into five steps: 1 - Expressing the problematic situation; 2 - Constructing a multi-sectoral representation; 3 - Examining the multi-sectoral representation; 4 - Building a conceptual model; and 5 - Exploring actions. To illustrate its application, we applied these steps to structure a real complex problematic situation that exists in an area of the watershed of the Paraiba do Norte River, in Northeastern Brazil. To construct a multi-sectoral representation of the problem, perspectives of different actors who are involved in the problem were considered. We conclude that the model is a powerful tool for the analysis of complex problems, for which there is no consensus regarding alternatives to solve/mitigate it and/or there is a high level of uncertainties involved in the decision-making process.

     

Modeling Effects of Land use and Vegetation Density on Soil Water Dynamics: Implications on Water Resource Management

Vegetation restoration is helpful in preventing soil erosion but aggravates water scarcity, thus resulting in soil desiccation on the wind–water erosion crisscross region (WWECR) of the Loess Plateau in Northwestern China. However, no guideline currently exists on the selection of plant species and density for restoration purposes. Based on the process model of soil water-carrying capacity for vegetation (SWCCV) originally developed in this region, this study validated the model under a broad range of weather regimes, soil types, and land uses. The SWCCV model was applied as a diagnostic tool to obtain insights into the separate effects of vegetation density and land use on soil water dynamics on the WWECR of the Loess Plateau. Results showed that the total water loss at semi-natural grasslands was close to rainfall while significantly decreasing runoffs, thus indicating that semi-natural grass was suitable for vegetation restoration on the WWECR. If Caragana korshinskii is planted for agronomic and economic benefits, a density of 3,400 trees ha^?1 will yield the most optimal soil water conservation benefits at study site. Our recommended land use and vegetation density were directive and instructional for vegetation restoration on the WWECR and that our modeling approach could be extended to applications in other arid and semi-arid regions.     

分布式水文模型在水资源管理中的应用

水资源管理是目前世界水环境的主要问题，是痧资源可持续发展的关键，而水模型则是水资源管理的依据，本根据国外水模型资料，从农业灌溉，水土流失、土地利用等几个方面介绍了目前水平资源管理模型的应用现状及其发展的限制因素，分布式水模型是今后水资源管理模型的发展方向。     

Water Resource Management in the Mediterranean Basin

In arid and semi-arid regions of the M editerranean, fresh water resources are finite and most of the economically viable development of these resources has already been implemented. The situation has worsened further owing to the increasing population and the associated expansion of urbanization and economic activities, all of which require more water and thus impose a tremen dous strain on this already limited and fragile water resource. Following the traditional technique of increasing supply is questionable. The alternative option is to manipulate the demand side for all water use sectors, particularly the agricultural one, which accounts for up to 80% of water consumption. In the Mediterranean region there is no question about the crucial im portance of integrated demand management aiming at efficiency, equity and long-term water security, using the tools that the legal and econ omic policy, scientific and technological advancement have made available.     

加快落实水资源最严格管理制度

对新形势下水资源的重要性和水利战略地位进行了全新的阐述.并阐述了“确立‘三条红线’,建立四项制度”等水资源管理的内容和要求.     

Optimization Model for the Sustainable Water Resource Management of River Basins

Water Resources Management - This paper presents a new methodology for the sustainable and optimal allocation of water for a river basin management area. The model distinguishes between short and...     

需求侧水资源配置管理模式

随着经济发展及城市化水平的不断提高,社会对水资源的需求量大幅度增加,供需矛盾日益突出。通过需求侧管理(DSM)模式的全面分析,探讨将需求侧管理模式最小和费用最有效原则和综合资源规划(IRP)引入水资源管理,加强水资源需求侧管理,控制需求增长,将有利于水资源需求和供应相适应,实现水资源的可持续利用。     

浅谈水资源管理的发展方向和对策

本文介绍了运城地区水资源管理方面存在的问题，并提出了水资源管理的发展方向和解决问题的对策。     

基于混和遗传算法的水资源与污染控制系统综合规划

水资源与水污染控制系统的综合规划是使水污染的综合治理、水资源的分配以及系统的总费用达到最优的多目标优化过程,是进行水污染控制与防治以及水资源分配的必要手段,也是整个环境污染防治的最重要组成部分之一。引入多目标优化的混和遗传算法(HGAs)对该系统进行计算,可以实现有效地优化控制。     

现代水资源管理理念科学探究

随着用水资源矛盾的日益突出,水资源管理理念也产生了变化。本文通过对现代水资源管理新思想的剖析,从制度、技术、保障三个方面入手,阐述了今后水资源管理工作的理念。     

A Framework for an Agent-Based Model to Manage Water Resources Conflicts

Competition for use of water is increasing and leads to many conflicts among competing interests with complex goals and water management systems. Technical system models are essential to create performance and other decision information, but models to simulate views of the competing parties are also needed to help resolve or mitigate conflicts. Agent-based models (ABMs) offer promise to fill this role, and in this study a new approach to agent-based modeling is introduced to simulate the behavior and interactions of the parties participating in a conflict scenario, which is modeled as a game. To develop this framework, we considered water issues of California’s Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region as an example of a long-standing situation, with emphasis on the San Joaquin watershed. However, this approach can be used in other watersheds and more complex systems. The ABM explains the interactions among the parties and how they can be encouraged to cooperate in the game to work toward a solution. The model also enables decision-makers to test management scenarios and understand the consequences of their decisions on different stakeholders and their behaviors.     

A Review of Multiple Criteria Analysis for Water Resource Planning and Management

Multiple criteria analysis (MCA) is a framework for ranking or scoring the overall performance of decision options against multiple objectives. The approach has widespread and growing application in the field of water resource management. This paper reviews 113 published water management MCA studies from 34 countries. It finds that MCA is being heavily used for water policy evaluation, strategic planning and infrastructure selection. A wide range of MCA methods are being used with the fuzzy set analysis, paired comparison and outranking methods being most common. The paper also examines the motivations for adopting MCA in water management problems and considers future research directions. This study was funded by the eWater CRC ().     

塔里木河流域水资源管理机制创新研究

在对塔里木河流域水资源分配的基本特征及现有水管理模式进行调查分析的基础上 ,深入剖析了水资源管理对该地区经济发展的严重制约以及在流域水管理中存在的要害问题。文中引入了水权、水权分配和水权交易等概念 ,对水分配管理机制进行了创新设计并初步探讨塔河流域水管理运行机制 ,提出了流域、地州、县乡等各层次的基于水权分配交易的“宏观调控”和“市场运行”管理机制的思路。本文观点对当前整治塔河流域、优化配置水资源以及改进、加强流域水管理有重要的现实和参考意义     

长治市地下水资源管理探讨

据水文水资源部门实测动态资料分析，长治市即将出现的水危机并非是水源用尽，而是水资源开发规划不科学，管理不善，结构不合理，布局失衡，流失严重。为此，应通过加强地下水资源的科学管理，制定成开采量，兴建地下水库，采取人工补给等措施加以解决。     

邯郸市水资源管理与开发模式

由于水资源短缺,加强管理对于邯郸市水资源可持续利用具有重要意义。在分析邯郸市水资源现状与主要的水资源管理措施的基础上,研究了邯郸市的水资源管理模式,指出邯郸市水资源模式的主要特点是以流域管理为主,计划用水与水费管理、水权交易相结合。并对邯郸市水资源管理模式进行了分区探讨,初步提出了西部山区蓄引提综合利用、中部平原井渠结合与东部平原地下微咸水利用三种基本模式。指出山区蓄引提综合利用模式的主要特点是以蓄为主、蓄引提相结合、充分利用水资源;井渠结合模式的特点是地表水与地下水联合调度,井渠结合,井灌井排,提高大气降水、地表水、地下水的利用;微咸水利用模式的基本特点是挖掘浅层地下水潜力,咸淡水轮灌或浑灌。从而为邯郸市的水资源高效利用提供了一定的指导建议。     

防洪调度及水资源管理数据挖掘系统研究

采用美国SAS数据挖掘软件,在对我国防洪调度及水资源管理需求详尽分析的基础上,探索了数据挖掘技术在防洪调度及水资源管理方面的应用理论、方法及技术;研究了商品化数据挖掘软件与防洪调度及水资源管理需求相结合的具体方法,建立了太湖流域和中央节点的防洪调度和水资源管理数据仓库系统;分析研究了数据应用的基本模式,提出了数据挖掘的主题,运用SAS数据挖掘套件建立了基于数据仓库的防洪调度及水资源管理数据挖掘系统。     

防洪调度及水资源管理数据挖掘系统研究

采用美国SAS数据挖掘软件,在对我国防洪调度及水资源管理需求详尽分析的基础上,探索了数据挖掘技术在防洪调度及水资源管理方面的应用理论、方法及技术;研究了商品化数据挖掘软件与防洪调度及水资源管理需求相结合的具体方法,建立了太湖流域和中央节点的防洪调度和水资源管理数据仓库系统;分析研究了数据应用的基本模式,提出了数据挖掘的主题,运用SAS数据挖掘套件建立了基于数据仓库的防洪调度及水资源管理数据挖掘系统.     

Ex Ante Impact Assessment of Reservoir Construction Projects for Different Stakeholders Using Agent-Based Modeling

Reservoir construction projects are frequently met with fierce opposition. Consequently, to mitigate any potential negative impacts, environmental and social impact assessments are usually mandatory. Stakeholder perspectives are often only implicit in such assessments, and the medium-term effects of mitigating actions are assessed at the aggregate level, which fails to take into account unequal disaggregated impacts. In this paper, we design and apply an agent-based model (ABM) built on stakeholder information to conduct an ex ante assessment of the impact of a reservoir construction project in southern Thailand over a 30-year period for individual agents. We incorporate stakeholders’ knowledge into the ABM on the basis of primary data collected during the 2016–2018 period, including workshops with affected farmers to assess their interests and concerns, in-depth interviews with farmers in nearby districts to assess farming behaviors, and the expert opinions of policymakers to assess the relevant regulations and processes. In a case study for which the model was established, the results predict that, overall, farmers will have more farm income if the dam is built. We find that affected people require a standard of living similar to that provided by their previous livelihood as soon as possible after resettlement. By simulating the impacts on individual agents, we conclude that the compensation for relocation offered to affected farmers is not sufficient for sustainable resettlements. Facilitating compensation may increase the speed of project implementation and lead to better outcomes for everyone, including affected communities, whereas failure to reshape the current compensation policy leaves everyone more disadvantaged.

     

最严格水资源管理制度对工业用水效率的影响

近年来最严格水资源管理制度在促进水资源管理方面的作用越来越显著,万元工业增加值用水量为用水效率控制红线的重要指标,体现了工业用水效率的高低。研究最严格水资源管理制度对万元工业增加值用水量的影响,对推动各地落实最严格水资源管理制度、支撑水资源管理工作具有重要的意义。以浙江省为典型案例,通过MK-P检验法分析2005—2017年万元工业增加值用水量的变化规律,并建立指标评价体系,利用改进层次分析法定量化地描述各指标的重要性,根据案例的实际情况对评价模型进行多目标决策评价。结果表明:最严格水资源管理制度实施后,指标下降明显,建立的评价体系合理,相关工作的影响权重达到了71%,工业用水效率提高,成效影响显著。