固体酸催化剂催化乌桕籽油制备生物柴油

以乌桕籽油为原料,对固体酸催化其与甲醇发生酯交换反应制备生物柴油进行了研究。通过对S2O8^2-／TiO2、S2O8^2-／TiO2-ZrO2、SO4^2-／TiO2-ZrO2、SO4^2-／AL2O3-ZrO24种固体酸催化剂的制备,并在同一条件下比较了它们在乌桕籽油制备生物柴油反应中的催化活性。结果表明,催化剂SO4^2-／TiO2-ZrO2表现出了较高的催化活性,SO4^2-／TiO2-ZrO2催化的最佳酯交换反应条件为：反应温度150℃,醇油摩尔比12：1,催化剂用量5％,反应时间6h,此时乌桕籽油的酯化率超过95％,且催化剂重复和再生使用效果良好。     

稀土改性的固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2-La2O3催化合成丁酸丁酯

制备了稀土改性的固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2-La2O3催化剂,并利用该催化剂催化合成了丁酸丁酯,探讨了诸因素对收率的影响。实验表明,SO42-/TiO2-La2O3具有良好的催化活性,正丁醇与正丁酸的投料摩尔比n(醇)∶n(酸)=1.5∶1,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.5%,反应时间1h,丁酸丁酯的收率可达90%。     

稀土改性的固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2-La2O3催化合成丁酸丁酯

制备了稀土改性的固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2-La2O3催化剂,并利用该催化剂催化合成了丁酸丁酯,探讨了诸因素对收率的影响。实验表明,SO42-/TiO2-La2O3具有良好的催化活性,正丁醇与正丁酸的投料摩尔比n（醇）∶n（酸）=1.5∶1,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.5%,反应时间1h,丁酸丁酯的收率可达90%。      

稀土复合固体超强酸SO4^2-／ZrO2-Nd2O3催化合成乳酸正丁酯

研究了以纳米稀土复合固体超强酸SO4^2-／ZrO2-Nd2O3为催化剂,以乳酸和正丁醇为原料合成乳酸正丁酯。通过正交实验考察了影响酯化反应的主要因素,确定的最佳合成条件为：乳酸用量为0．1mol时,正丁醇与乳酸物质的量之比为3．0：1,催化剂用量为0．55g,带水剂环己烷15mL,回流反应2．0h,酯化率可达98．7％。该催化剂回收简单,重复使用7次后,酯化率仍在96％以上。     

稀土固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2/La~(3+)催化合成异戊酸异戊酯

在固体超强酸SO2 -4/TiO2 /La3 +的催化下,异戊酸与异戊醇直接酯化,再经过滤、蒸馏制得合格的异戊酸异戊酯,其最佳工艺条件为:催化剂添加量0 9% ,异戊醇与异戊(酸)摩尔比=1 5∶1 0 ,反应温度130℃,反应时间3h ,异戊酸转化率为98% ,催化剂易分离,可重复使用     

纳米固体超强酸TiO2/SO4^2-催化合成尼泊金正丁酯的研究

本文以四氯化钛为原料,采用凝胶-溶胶法和浸渍法制备纳米固体超强酸TiO2/SO4^2-。用透射电镜TEM对其进行表征,粒径达到50-100nm。用红外光谱研究SO42-在金属氧化物固体表面上的存在形态与结构形式,表明该催化剂具有催化活性。以纳米固体超强酸TiO2/SO4^2-为催化剂,研究由对羟基苯甲酸与正丁酯直接酯化合成尼泊金正丁酯。考察了醇酸物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间对尼泊金正丁酯收率的影响,并确定适宜工艺条件：醇酸物质的量比为5∶1,催化剂用量占反应物总质量的5%,反应时间4h,尼泊金正丁酯的收率可达到71.9%。     

固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2-SnO_2催化合成己酸正辛酯

选用己酸和正辛醇为原料,固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2-SnO2为催化剂,催化合成己酸正辛酯。考察了催化剂制备条件及酯化反应条件对合成反应的影响,并对产品进行了GC-MS、FTIR表征分析。实验结果表明,适宜的固体超强酸催化剂SO2-4/TiO2-SnO2制备条件为:n(TiO2)∶n(SnO2)=5∶1、浸渍液硫酸的浓度为0.75 mol/L、焙烧温度500℃。通过正交实验结果得出己酸正辛酯的优化反应工艺为:酸醇摩尔比1∶1.5、催化剂用量0.45 g(相对于0.05 mol己酸)、带水剂环己烷用量3 mL、反应时间1.5 h。在此条件下,反应的酯化率可达98.2%。     

固体酸SO4^2-／TiO2-ZrO2催化制备乙酰丙酸的研究

以蔗糖为原料,固体SO4^2＋／TiO2．ZrO2为催化剂,以水为溶剂制备乙酰丙酸。研究了浸渍用硫酸浓度和催化剂焙烧温度对催化制活性的影响,并探讨了不同反应条件及催化剂重复使用次数对乙酰丙酸得率的影响。用XRD和NH3-TPD对使用前后的催化剂的结构和酸性进行了表征。实验结果表明,1．0mol／L硫酸浓度浸渍,550℃焙烧3h的催化剂活性较强。在催化剂投加量为1．0g,反应温度为190℃的条下反应1h,乙酰丙酸摩尔得率高达50．0％。回收的SO4^2-TiO2-ZrO2催化剂焙烧后在多次重复使用过程中仍然表现出较好的催化活性。     

固体酸催化麻疯树籽油制备生物柴油

采用新型固体酸SO4^2-／TiO2-SiO2替代传统的液体酸、碱催化剂,催化较高酸值麻疯树籽油与甲醇进行酯交换反应制备生物柴油。考察了搅拌速度、固体酸催化剂用量、醇油摩尔比、反应温度、助溶剂等因素对产物中甲酯含量的影响。结果表明,固体酸催化剂对麻疯树籽油酯交换具有较好的催化活性和稳定性,产物与催化剂易于分离。在反应温度110℃,醇油摩尔比12：1,固体酸催化剂用量为油质量的4％。搅拌速度600r／min,助溶剂正己烷与甲醇体积比1：2条件下,反应3h产物中麻疯树籽油甲酯含量达到96．8％。反应10次甲酯含量维持在95％。     

非水相脂肪酶催化合成丁酸异戊酯

由根霉PW358经固态发酵生产脂肪酶，以此酶为催化剂，在非水介质中合成了丁酸异戊酯。该文研究了反应温度、溶剂、底物浓度、底物摩尔比、吸水剂用量等因素对酯化反应的影响，确定了丁酸异戊酯的最佳合成条件为：反应温度为50℃，正庚烷为反应介质，丁酸与异戊醇的摩尔比为1：1．2，两底物浓度均为0．25mol／L。在反应体系中，每毫升溶液需加入0．25g的5A分子筛，以吸收酯化反应生成的水，促使平衡向酯化方向移动。在优化的条件下，反应5h后，合成丁酸异戊酯的转化率达97％。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press