100 t BOF-LF-RH-CC工艺冶炼结构钢时钢中氮的行为及控制

通过对淮钢100 t BOF-LF-RH-CC工艺流程冶炼45钢和42CrMo钢时各工序钢水取样分析氮含量,研究各工序对钢水中氮含量的影响。得出除吹氩和RH工序外,各工序都存在增氮现象:钢包至中间包长水口增氮占增氮总量的40%,LF精炼增氮占35%,出钢增氮占20%。所以控制转炉终点氮含量,控制LF渣层厚度,避免LF精炼补加合金和增碳,适当延长RH处理时间,提高长水口氩封效果是控制钢水氮含量的关键措施。     

高级别管线钢氮质量分数控制的研究与实践

通过对首钢京唐公司300t炼钢转炉→LF精炼→RH精炼→CC连铸各工序氮质量分数控制的研究,探讨影响钢中氮质量分数的因素和控制措施,结合生产实践,提出强化转炉冶炼操作、LF埋弧造渣、保证RH真空度和连铸全保护浇铸等工艺优化措施,尤其是控制LF精炼增氮和发挥RH精炼脱氮功能,改进后LF精炼增氮量小于0.001 0%;RH精炼可将氮质量分数脱至0.0030%,连铸增氮量平均为0.000 14%,首钢京唐管线钢成品氮质量分数平均为0.0031%,达到先进企业的水平。     

基于长流程的GCr15轴承钢转炉冶炼生产实践

采取转炉高拉碳出钢、双渣法冶炼、LF高碱度渣精炼、RH真空脱气、连铸加强保护浇铸及控制钢液过热度等措施,有效控制GCr15轴承钢中的氧、氮、硫、磷、钛等元素及夹杂物含量。试验表明：提高转炉出钢碳质量分数,有利于降低钢中的氧质量分数;随着炉渣碱度的升高,钢液中ω(O)大幅降低;GCr15轴承钢经过RH真空处理,钢液中的ω(TO)从0.002 8%下降到0.000 9%;双渣法冶炼可以提高转炉冶炼前期的脱磷率;LF精炼和连铸过程增氮,RH过程降氮;LF精炼过程是控制ω(Ti)的关键;夹杂物和碳化物都得到有效控制。     

转炉出钢增碳剂和RH精炼对高碳钢SWRH82B洁净度的影响

通过分析高碳钢SWRH82B生产过程钢样中总氧、氮含量及显微夹杂物的变化,对比了BOF-普通增碳剂-LF-RH-CC,BOF-普通增碳剂-LF-CC和BOF-低氮增碳剂-LF-CC三种精炼工艺对洁净度的影响。结果表明,增碳剂种类对转炉出钢增氮有显著影响,使用低氮增碳剂(含0.040 0%N)在不用RH处理条件下,可控制钢中低氮含量(LF终点0.002 3%N);使用普通增碳剂(0.500 0%N)导致钢中氮含量增高(LF终点0.005 3%N),RH终点钢中N%可降至0.003 3%;是否采用RH处理,对钢中总氧含量无明显影响;在采用低氮增碳剂基础上不用RH处理,可控制铸坯中总氧≤20×10^-6、氮含量为41×10^-6。     

转炉生产齿轮钢氧化物夹杂控制的工艺研究

分析了本钢采用转炉→炉外精炼(LF+RH)→矩形坯连铸工艺流程生产齿轮钢控制钢中T[O]含量的工艺流程,并提出转炉复吹、精炼LF白渣操作、RH真空循环及钙处理是降低钢中T[O]含量的关键。     

钢中氮含量控制技术研究

针对南钢低氮钢生产工艺进行了研究，根据BOF—RH—LF—CC流程中各个工序氮含量的变化情况，讨论了控制钢中氮含量的主要因素。     

直流电弧炉流程钢液氮控制的试验研究

测试了电弧炉冶炼、LF精炼及连铸过程钢液氮含量的变化。结果表明，钢中氮的主要来源是电弧炉冶炼过程的电弧区增氮，LF精炼及连铸过程钢液与大气接触吸氮。LF精炼时的供电制度对钢液吸氮也有影响。提出了控制钢液氮含量的若干措施。     

首钢京唐IF钢RH精炼工艺开发实践

本文介绍了首钢京唐公司IF钢精炼工艺开发过程。IF钢冶炼工艺控制关键是碳、氮含量成分控制。IF钢碳含量控制的关键是RH脱碳过程控制、防止合金增碳和精炼结束到中间包增碳,对应的措施有控制进站碳≤0.04%、控制过程废钢加入量、RH脱碳过程辅助钢包底吹、清洁上料和使用无碳耐材等。IF钢氮含量控制的关键是控制好转炉吹炼过程脱氮效果、防止RH吸氮。     

RH→LF和LF→RH工艺生产管线钢增氮控制的比较

比较“铁水预处理→BOF→RH→LF→板坯连铸机”和“铁水预处理→BOF→LF→RH→板坯连铸机”两种工艺路线生产管线钢精炼过程的增氮控制.结果表明,LF→RH比RH→LF生产工艺在精炼时增氮减少约5×10-6.因此从控制增氮角度上,生产管线钢优先选择LF→RH精炼工艺.     

板坯钢水增氮原因及控制

对板坯钢水冶炼过程中的增氮环节进行分析,主要包含转炉冶炼,LF精炼过程增氮,RH真空脱氮和连铸增氮情况,统计分析转炉、精炼、RH和连铸浇注过程的氮含量变化情况,识别影响钢水氮含量的关键因素,对异常增氮环节进行优化和改进,有效降低板坯钢水的氮含量.     

Production of 48MnV-C non-heat treatment crankshaft steel by means of converter plus continuous casting and hot-rolling process

48MnV-C non-heat treatment crankshaft steel is specially used for making crankshafts of Cummings C engines.It mainly adopts the technology of V—N micro-alloying,at present,it has been successfully used in making crankshaft of heavy duty truck engines.BX STEEL made trial production by means of converter→secondary metallurgy(RH + LF)→rectangular slab caster→hot rolling process,and studied the T[O],T[N],[H]and non-metal inclusion in 48MnV - C steel under continuous casting process condition,the actual grain size and the slab quality.All the chemical compositions and test results met the needs of Cummings Crankshaft Steel Standard.In order to ensure the mechanical properties of the non-heat treatment steel,a certain amount of nitrogen is added to it,also a small amount of sulfur is added to improve the cutting property of the steel.This process route can make full use of the de-hydrogen function of RH,and during RH treatment,rough adjustment of alloy elements may be made while the adjustment of Nitride Manganese nitrogen pick up and adjusting Mn,as well as Ca treatment and S content adjustment may be done during LF treatment so as to ensure the requirement of high nitrogen,low hydrogen,low oxygen content in 48MnV-C steel.Magnetic marks are defects shown in magnetic powder testing after the steel was used to make finished crankshafts.The 48MnV - C non-heat treatment crankshaft steel produced by means of the above-mentioned process route has not only relatively high robust performance which meets the needs of truck crankshaft safety,but also high qualification rate and basically no "magnetic marks" are found after being made into finished crankshafts,which meets the crankshaft standard.Therefore,this steel has been widely used in domestic crankshaft industry.     

浅析宝钢厚板成品氮的控制

分析了氮在钢水中的行为以及氮在厚板中的危害,介绍了转炉、精炼、连铸生产过程中采取的主要技术措施,包括转炉提高铁水比、优化合金加入方式;LF精炼炉气氛控制、造好白渣、埋弧操作;充分利用RH脱氮功能降低钢水中的氮,防止增氮;钢包长水口及氩封保护浇铸,防止连铸过程钢液吸氮。通过以上措施,厚板产品中的氮含量较以前有了显著的下降,厚板板坯的裂纹得到明显改善。     

采用LD-RH-CC工艺生产低碳铝镇静钢技术开发与实践

莱钢炼钢厂为了提高LD-RH-CC工艺生产低碳铝镇静钢技术水平,通过开发全工序低硫冶炼控制技术,构建RH环流模型,开发新型炉渣改质剂,开发连铸机无氧化全保护浇注工艺技术,提高了钢水洁净度,实现了LD-RH-CC工艺稳定控制。其中RH精炼炉终点硫的质量分数控制在0.006%,连铸机浇注炉数达到10炉以上,钢中氮、氧的质量分数达到0.02%以内,稳步推进RH精炼炉冶炼低碳铝镇静钢工艺技术发展。     

Cleanliness of Low Carbon Aluminum‐Killed Steels during Secondary Refining Processes

Efficient secondary refining process is necessary for massive and stable production of low carbon aluminum‐killed (LCAK) steels. Plant trials were performed to investigate the cleanliness of steels. Characteristics of composition, cleanliness, and inclusions of LCAK steel during different secondary refining processes, including LF, CAS, RH‐LIT, and RH, were studied and compared. The results showed that CAS, RH‐LIT, and RH processes had better control of low carbon, silicon, and nitrogen than LF process. High cleanliness of LCAK steels could be achieved by all the mentioned refining processes. It was concluded that the total oxygen (T.O.) should be <35 ppm to reduce the amount of inclusions and reach the level of clean steels. The removal rate of inclusions during RH‐LIT and RH processes was much higher than that of LF and CAS. The T.O. content and the amounts of inclusions during CAS, RH‐LIT, and RH could be quickly decreased to a low value within 10 min. The results showed that CAS and RH‐LIT as well as RH refining processes can produce LCAK steels that meet the requirements of high efficient, low cost, clean, and stable production, while LF is more suitable for the heats with poor control of end point of BOF, and for the process with calcium treatment to control sulfur content and lower the clogging of Submerged Entry Nozzle during thin slab continuous casting.     

X80管线钢生产过程氮的控制实践

介绍了管线钢中氮的危害,结合管线钢化学成分和生产工艺,分析氮的来源、溶解和扩散机理,基于转炉冶炼、LF炉精炼、RH炉精炼、连铸等生产工艺特性,对不同工序钢水中氮的数据进行采集和分析,系统研究提高转炉吹炼命中率、改善造渣制度、强化出钢管理、全程底吹Ar控制,LF微正压操作,RH真空处理,连铸保护浇注等措施对降氮和控氮的影响,指出连铸坯氮含量偏高的主要原因。为管线钢冶炼的降氮和控氮,强化重点工艺环节的控制,优化改进控制工艺,提供了科学依据,形成了一套全工序控制钢水氮的措施,确保高级管线钢中氮质量分数控制在0.0045%以下。     

转炉-精炼-连铸过程钢中氧的控制

结合近年来的文献和笔者的研究工作,概要论述了转炉—精炼—连铸过程中钢洁净度(以总氧含量T[O]表示)的控制及夹杂物对产品质量的影响。提高钢的洁净度应从产生夹杂物的源头抓起,尽可能降低转炉终点氧含量。根据生产统计数据,建立了转炉终点氧预报模型。介绍了硅镇静钢、硅铝镇静钢、铝镇静钢三种脱氧模式及脱氧产物的控制方法。采用钢包精炼方法把夹杂物消灭在钢水进入结晶器之前是获得“干净”钢水的关键。介绍了RH、LF、中间包钢水总氧预报模型。介绍了在连铸过程中防止钢水再污染和进一步去除夹杂物的措施。     

RH强制脱碳与自然脱碳工艺生产IF钢精炼效果分析

西昌钢钒厂由于转炉热量不足而以转炉—LF精炼—RH精炼—连铸工艺生产IF钢,为探究RH强制脱碳与自然脱碳工艺生产IF钢精炼效果,采用生产数据统计、氧氮分析、夹杂物自动扫描、扫描电镜和能谱分析等手段,对不同脱碳工艺对顶渣氧化性以及钢的洁净度影响进行了详细研究。结果表明:（1）与自然脱碳工艺炉次相比,采用强制脱碳工艺的炉次在转炉结束与RH进站钢中的平均[O]含量更低;（2）两种工艺脱碳结束钢中的[O]含量基本在同一水平;（3）强制脱碳工艺的炉次在RH结束时渣中平均T.Fe的质量分数降低了1.3%。在能满足RH脱碳效果的前提下,尽量提高转炉终点钢液碳含量、降低钢液氧含量,后续在RH精炼时采用强制吹氧脱碳工艺,适当增大吹氧量来弥补钢中氧,可显著降低IF钢顶渣氧化性。自然脱碳工艺与强制脱碳工艺控制热轧板T.O含量均比较理想;与自然脱碳工艺相比,强制脱碳工艺可有效降低IF钢[N]含量,这与强制脱碳工艺真空室内碳氧反应更剧烈所导致的CO气泡更多和气液反应面积更大有关。脱碳工艺对IF钢热轧板中夹杂物类型、尺寸及数量没有明显影响,夹杂物主要由Al₂O₃夹杂、Al₂O₃–TiO_x夹杂与其他类夹杂物组成,以夹杂物的等效圆直径表示夹杂物尺寸,以上三类夹杂物平均尺寸分别为4.5、4.4和6.5 μm,且钢中尺寸在8 μm以下的夹杂物数量占比高于75%。在RH精炼过程中,尽量降低RH脱碳结束钢中[O]含量,有利于提高钢液洁净度。