金属矿山井下斜坡道交通信号自动控制系统研发与应用

运输能力受限和交通安全是井下斜坡道运输过程中遇到的主要问题。针对井下斜坡道交通运输的特点，以某超大型金矿斜坡道为背景，开发了井下斜坡道交通信号自动控制系统。基于ZigBee无线通信技术和射频识别技术对井下车辆进行实时精确定位，采用光纤环网进行信息传输，开发相应的软件控制系统，以“车辆优先级别”为控制规则，实现交通信号灯的自动控制，从而引导斜坡道上车辆规范行驶，提高斜坡道通行能力和车辆运输效率，有效减少了斜坡道交通事故的发生；同时，开发了车辆人员高精度定位、轨迹回放、违章报警及查询、运输量统计等辅助功能，有效提高了井下生产调度指挥效率。井下斜坡道交通信号自动控制系统的开发，可提高金属矿山运输安全和效率，具有重要的理论研究和实践意义，以及良好的推广应用价值。     

WTCS信号灯控制系统在矿山井下斜坡道的应用

介绍WTCS信号灯控制系统的技术特点、结构组成及其在铜矿峪矿斜坡道的具体布设方案,说明使用该系统应遵循的原则以及对生产安全管理所起的重要作用。     

某钨矿斜坡道中高程法标定腰线的全站仪应用

某钨矿斜坡道工程施工中,采用日常方法标定腰线因测量精度较低,满足不了矿山生产需求。试将全站仪用于矿山控制测量、地形测量及工程测量中,结合利用中线点标定腰线和伪倾角标定腰线原理,通过对斜坡道两帮标定点进行测量,然后根据斜坡道平面及剖面进行公式推导,用高程法计算出各标定点与腰线的高差,最后标定腰线点,测高测距结果精确。     

空气幕引射风流技术原理在主回风井跨塌后的应用

针对14行主回风井突然发生大面积垮塌后主斜坡道1150～1000中段出现严重风流反向、1000运输水平新鲜风流无法进入的严重情况,二矿区应用有效压力理论,借鉴国内外新鲜风流不能到达工作地点的空气幕引射风流技术,采用多机并联空气幕引射风流,有效地控制了主斜坡道1150～1000中段的反风现象,解决了1000运输水平没有新鲜风流的问题,安装空气幕后,主斜坡道进风量达到了45m3／s,确保了井下风流的正常流动,有利于保护井下作业人员的身体健康和安全生产,在矿山具有广阔的推广应用前景。     

二矿区主斜坡道延伸施工工艺研究

二矿区主斜坡道长度已超过十公里,因700m中段建设需要,主斜坡道需进一步延伸至610m水平。由于主斜坡道深度大,地压活动明显,部分区域岩石条件较差,独头掌子掘进通风条件差,施工难度较大。本文通过现场实际调研和分析,提出将主斜坡道与24行主井联络道进行贯通然后施工空压机站硐室解决通风困难问题,提出18行出毛方案以解决深部开采工程的毛石长距离拉运问题等措施,保证了主斜坡道延伸工程顺利的进行。     

折返式超长斜坡道快速施工技术

介绍了折返式超长斜坡道施工中利用斜坡道折返点,逐段向上反掘通风天井,光面爆破技术,掘进与支护平行作业,无轨施工设备配套使用的施工技术。通过在某硫铁矿斜坡道工程中成功的应用,有效地解决了超长斜坡道施工中通风、排水及供电等难题,极大地提高了施工速度,缩短了施工工期,很好解决了斜坡道施工工期占整个矿山建设周期长的问题。     

斜坡道开拓在矿山的应用

随着地下矿山矿石回采向着大型化、自动化方向的发展,大型无轨设备在地下矿山广泛应用,无轨斜坡道开拓越来越成为大型地下矿山主要开拓方式之一。本文通过介绍内蒙古某铅锌银矿无轨斜坡道的开拓系统的应用,为同类矿山的无轨斜坡道开拓提供参考。     

矿井斜坡道无轨运输信号控制系统应用

通过对永平铜矿的井下斜坡道车辆定位、信号灯自动控制及调度监控系统工程应用,为保障井下车辆运输安全、提高运输效率发挥了重要作用.交通信号系统直接关系交通安全,系统本身必须以安全稳定为绝对前提,以服务生产提高效率为主要任务,在此基础上兼顾功能扩展和其他信息化项目的无缝接入.因此交通信号系统所选技术必须以成熟可靠为前提并兼顾先进性扩展性.系统实现了对井下车辆的实时跟踪监测、定位、红绿灯自动控制,有效地避免了汽车相互堵塞及安全事故的发生,从而提高了矿井的车辆运输效率.     

斜坡道弯道腰线经伟仪放样法

介绍经纬仪伪倾角法在斜坡道弯道腰线放样中的原理、公式的推导过程,还介绍了该方法在矿业公司主斜坡道施工中的应用。     

辅助斜坡道开拓与主斜坡道开拓系统的应用

介绍了辅助斜坡道开拓与主斜坡道开拓系统在三山岛金矿的应用情况。斜坡道开拓便于无轨设备通行，在一期共程生产中发挥了很大的作用，在深部工程生产中将发挥更大的作用。     

Drawdown due to Temporally Varying Pumping Discharge: Inversely Estimating Aquifer Parameters

A ramp kernel method is proposed for accurately calculating the drawdown due to any temporal variation in pumping discharge. The use of the ramp kernels assumes the linear variation between the two consecutive measured pumping discharges. The prior studies assume a rectangular variation between the two consecutive measured pumping discharges. In the rectangular variation, a uniform pumping rate is assumed during a time span. An analytical equation for calculating the ramp kernel is derived. An optimization method is used with the proposed ramp kernels for inversely estimating the aquifer parameters from drawdown due to an arbitrary unsteady pumping discharge. Unlike the prior methods, the proposed method accurately identifies the parameters even when the sampling interval for the drawdown and pumping discharge is longer than that needed for assuming a linear variation. The proposed method outperforms the prior method. Application of the proposed method is illustrated using examples.     

Schedule-induced kinesic and taxic behavioral stereotypy in the pigeon.

Two experiments explored the functional character of 2 schedule-induced interim behaviors (pacing and retreat) and 1 terminal behavior (keypecking) that developed on fixed-time (FT) schedules of food delivery with a keylight that increased in brightness throughout the interstimulus interval. In Experiment 1, this ramp procedure was compared with a less discriminable ramp, and FT and Random Time (RT) procedures without a signal. Decreased discriminability expanded keypecking in the trial. The FT schedule eliminated only keypecking and the RT procedure eliminated keypecking and retreat while pacing remained. In Experiment 2, predictive and unpredictive ramps were added to the RT procedure. The data suggest that schedule-induced stereotypy can be divided into kinesic stereotypy (pacing), which arises from repeated reinforcer presentations, and taxic stereotypy, which is tied to an increase (keypecking) or decrease (retreat) in the momentary probability of reinforcement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of a subanesthetic minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane on two tests of the hypoxic ventilatory response

BACKGROUND: These experiments were designed to study the effect of 0.1 minimum alveolar concentration isoflurane on the hypoxic ventilatory response as measured by two common methods of hypoxic testing: when normocapnic hypoxia was induced abruptly and when it was induced gradually. We hypothesized that any disparity in results would be due to an isoflurane effect that was manifested differently in the two tests. METHODS: After 20 min for uptake and equilibration of 0.1 minimum alveolar concentration end-tidal isoflurane or carrier gas in hyperoxia, isocapnic hypoxia was induced either abruptly over 60-80 s ("step" test) or gradually over 10 min ("ramp" test), followed by 20 min of isocapnic hypoxia at 45 mmHg end-tidal oxygen. Control of the hypoxic and isocapnic stimuli was accomplished accurately by a computer-controlled dynamic end-tidal forcing system. Eight subjects performed each test in the presence and absence of isoflurane. RESULTS: For both step tests and ramp tests, 0.1 minimum alveolar concentration isoflurane had no effect on minute ventilation during the defined periods of hypoxia. With isoflurane, delta VE45, the acute change in ventilation from hyperoxia to hypoxia, was 97 +/- 20% (mean +/- SEM) of the control response for step tests and 100 +/- 25% of the control response for ramp tests. The step tests produced significantly larger acute hypoxic responses than did the ramp tests, but by the end of 20 min of hypoxia, ventilation was similar for both tests. CONCLUSIONS: Neither method of hypoxic testing demonstrated the level of isoflurane effect reported by others. A comparison of the two methods of hypoxic testing suggests that ramp tests, as commonly performed, do not allow adequate time for full expression of the acute hypoxic ventilatory response. Step tests also better separated the opposing hypoxic effects of carotid body stimulation and central ventilatory depression.     

Surface and Subsurface Flow through Block Ramps

Block ramps are permeable hydraulic structures. Flow that enters the block ramp infiltrates between the blocks and eventually on the porous base material on which the ramp is posed. The percentage rate of subsurface flow with respect to the total flow at the entrance of a block ramp or a rock chute is studied experimentally and analyzed by means of dimensional analysis. This quantity is described as a function of related parameters, such as the total inflow discharge, the particles’ characteristics, the thickness of the base material bed, the geometric characteristics of the block ramp, and the boundary conditions at the toe of the ramp itself. The experimental data were elaborated in order to supply new formulations of the flow discharge through the base ramp material and the block ramp energy dissipation. The amount of energy losses of such structures is essentially a function of the geometry and the bed surface characteristics of the ramp, the hydraulic conditions, and the percentage rate of the subsurface flow.     

Gradual reperfusion reduces infarct size and endothelial injury but augments neutrophil accumulation

BACKGROUND: Reperfusion causes injury to the coronary artery endothelium primarily by neutrophil-mediated mechanisms. However, factors other than neutrophils may govern the extent of myocardial necrosis. This study tests the hypothesis that gradual initiation of reflow will reduce reperfusion injury and preserve postischemic endothelial function. METHODS: In 16 anesthetized dogs, the left anterior descending artery was ligated for 60 minutes. In one group, reperfusion was initiated abruptly (abrupt, n = 8), whereas in the gradual reperfusion group (ramp, n = 8), flow was slowly initiated during the first 30 minutes of reperfusion. After reperfusion, coronary artery segments were isolated to assess postischemic endothelial function. RESULTS: Infarct size (area of necrosis/area at risk) was significantly reduced in the ramp group (28.2% +/- 2.0%) compared with abrupt (41.6% +/- 1.4%). Neutrophil accumulation (myeloperoxidase) in the area at risk was significantly greater in the ramp group compared with abrupt (8.0 +/- 1.3 versus 3.5 +/- 0.8 U/g tissue). In isolated postischemic left anterior descending arterial rings, the concentration of acetylcholine that elicited a response 50% of the maximum possible response was significantly greater in abrupt (-6.88 +/- 0.04 log [mol/L]) than ramp (-7.62 +/- 0.04 log [mol/L]) and control (-7.68 +/- 0.003 log [mol/L]), suggesting endothelial dysfunction. The concentration of A23187 that elicited a response 50% of the maximum possible response was similarly greater in abrupt (-7.24 +/- 0.03 log [mol/L]) versus ramp (-7.62 +/- 0.03 log [mol/L]) and control (-7.8 +/- 0.04 log [mol/L]). Smooth muscle dysfunction (response to sodium nitrite) also occurred in the abrupt rings. CONCLUSIONS: Gradual reperfusion of an ischemic area reduces infarct size and preserves endothelial function but paradoxically increases neutrophil accumulation within the area at risk.     

Scour Control Downstream of Block Ramps

Scour control downstream of a hydraulic structure is an important topic in river engineering. A block ramp is a structure that can be built with a low-environmental impact stilling basin realized by means of a sill that controls the scour hole. The scour that occurs downstream of block ramps is analyzed and the effect of rock sills on scour geometry is evaluated. Experiments have been carried out with ramp slopes varying between 1V:4H to 1V:12H. Three different sill types were tested for a total of 300 experiments among which about 140 tests involved rock sills. Useful equations for the design of the stilling basin are proposed.     

Ramp Kernels for Aquifer Responses to Arbitrary Stream Stage

Analytical expressions for ramp kernels (new kernels) for an improved convolution for obtaining aquifer responses, viz, groundwater head, rate, and cumulative volume of groundwater flow, to an arbitrary stage, are obtained. The use of the ramp kernels gives accurate aquifer responses and is superior to the conventional convolution in which numerical integration or pulse kernels are used. The extent of improvement in the results with the use of the ramp kernels is discussed and quantified for three examples, where the results are compared to analytical solutions. For the comparisons, the analytical solutions for linear and sinusoidal stream stages are derived. The use of the ramp kernels reproduces accurately the analytical solutions. The concept of ramp kernels can also be used for obtaining an accurate solution of convolution integrals observed in other fields.     

Energy Dissipation on Submerged Block Ramps

Block ramps represent structures that produce high energy dissipation and have a unique characteristic of preserving the ecological balance in a river restoration project. The energy dissipation of a block ramp changes with the tailwater level. In this technical note the relative energy dissipation in submerged flow conditions has been investigated. The experiments were conducted at the Hydraulic Laboratory of the University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy on ramps characterized by different block materials, submergence conditions, and ramp slopes. The study shows that the relative energy loss, varying the hydraulic jump location on the ramp, is essentially a function of the scale roughness, the ramp slope, the ratio between the critical water depth, and the ramp height and the ratio between the ramp length and the reduced length in submerged conditions. The differences in energy dissipation for a submerged hydraulic jump in different bed conditions are also investigated.     

设备检修作业指导卡

结合鞍钢检修作业特点,将作业项目分解为若干作业活动,对每项活动进行质量控制、危险源辨识、风险评价并制定风险控制措施,从而实现质量控制和作业安全。