近化学计量比LiNbO3晶体的坩埚下降法生长

报道了化学计量比LiNbO3(stoichiometric lithium niobate, SLN)晶体的坩埚下降法生长.采用一致融熔成分铌酸锂籽晶,以K2O为助熔剂,在自制的坩埚下降炉内生长SLN晶体.最高炉温控制在1 300 ℃附近,固液界面处的纵向温度梯度为40～60 ℃/cm,坩埚下降速率小于5 mm/d,在密闭的铂坩埚中,成功地生长出尺寸为25 mm×40 mm的近化学计量比铌酸锂单晶.测得晶体的Curie温度为190 ℃,利用有关公式计算出所得晶体的n(Li)/n(Li+Nb)为0.495 6,研究了熔体的析晶行为及晶体的宏观缺陷.     

Mg:Mn:Fe:LiNbO3晶体的全息存储性能

在同成分铌酸锂晶体中掺入0.03?2O3和0.1%MnO2(质量分数),分别掺入0,1%,3%,4.5%,6%的MgO(摩尔分数),用提拉法生长了一系列Mg:Mn:Fe:LiNbO3晶体.检测了Mg:Mn:Fe:LiNbO3晶体的红外光谱和抗光损伤能力.掺0,1%,3%,4.5%Mg的Mg:Mn:Fe:LiNbO3晶体的OH-红外振动峰位于3484cm-1,而掺6%Mg的Mg:Mn:Fe:LiNbO3晶体红外振动峰移到3 535gm-1.采用波长为632nm的He-Ne激光器作为光源,通过二波耦合方法测试晶体的全息存储性能.结果表明:Mg:Mn:Fe:LiNbO3晶体的写入时间和动态范围随掺镁量的增加而显著减小,而光折变灵敏度略有上升,抗光损伤性能增强,其中掺镁量为3%Mg:Mn:Fe:LiNbO3晶体更适合作为全息存储介质.     

In∶Ho∶LiNbO3晶体的生长及抗光损伤性能

在同成分铌酸锂(LiNbO3)晶体中掺入1%(摩尔分数,下同)Ho2O3和分别为0,1%,3%,5%的In2O3,采用提拉法生长In∶Ho∶LiNbO3晶体.测试晶体的紫外-可见吸收光谱、双折射梯度和抗光损伤能力.结果表明:随着In∶Ho∶LiNbO3晶体中In3+含量的增加,吸收谱中吸收边连续紫移;5%In∶1%Ho...     

Li/Nb摩尔比变化对Mg:Sc:Fe:LiNbO3晶体光折变性能的影响

掺入摩尔分数为1%MgO,0.5%Sc2O3和质量分数为0.03% Fe2O3,从Li与Nb摩尔比分别为0.85,0.94,1.05,1.20和1.38的熔体中用提拉法生长Mg:Sc:Fe:LiNbO3 (Mg:Sc:Fe:LN)晶体.测试了晶体的紫外-可见吸收光谱和红外光谱、抗光损伤能力、衍射效率、响应时间和光折变灵敏度.结果表明:随着Li/Nb摩尔比增加,Mg:Sc:Fe:LN晶体的吸收边发生紫移;n(Li)/n(Nb)=1.05的晶体分别在3 466,3 481 cm-1和3 504 cm-1处出现OH-吸收峰;n(Li)/n(Nb)=1.38的晶体在3 504 cm-1和3 535 cm-1处出现OH-吸收峰.随n(Li)/n(Nb)的增加,Mg:Sc:Fe:LN晶体的衍射效率减小,响应速度和光折变灵敏度增大.n(Li)/n(Nb)=1.05的近化学计量比Mg:Sc:Fe:LN晶体的抗光损伤能力最高.     

以K2O助熔剂生长LiNbO3晶体的研究

通过在同成分的熔体中加入0～10%(质量分数)的K2O提拉法生长了近化学计量比的LiNbO3晶体.用测量晶格常数和居里温度的方法测定了[Li]/[Nb],结果表明加入到同成分的熔体中的K2O的量决定了晶体中的[Li]/[Nb].对这种方法生长的LiNbO3晶体的缺陷和畴结构进行了分析和研究.     

近化学计量比铌酸锂晶体的生长及其结构

在优化的生长条件下,采用提拉法从加入摩尔分数6％K2O的一致共熔融LiNbO3组分中生长出近化学计量比LiNbO3晶体。用X射线粉末衍射法测定晶体结构,与同成分LiNbO3晶体相比,近化学计量比LiNbO3晶体晶格常数减小。通过紫外可见吸收光谱测定它的基础吸收边,在吸收系数为15cm^-1时,与同成分LiNbO3的吸收边位置(322nm)相比,近化学计量比LiNbO3吸收边(309．8nm)紫移了约12nm。根据测试结果,利用经验公式计算了此晶体的锂含量约为49．70％。近化学计量比LiNbO3晶体的红外H-O振动出现了双峰结构,除了1个小的象征与锂缺少有关的3482cm^-1吸收峰外,还出现了更强的3466cm^-1吸收峰。这表明近化学计量比LiNbO3晶体锂铌摩尔比增加,晶体内的本征缺陷减少,从而晶胞收缩,晶格更加接近理想结构。     

掺铁近化学计量比铌酸锂晶体的生长及其光学性能研究

在LiNbO3(LN)中掺进0．01％Fe3O3(质量分数)和10．9％K2O(摩尔分数)助熔剂，用顶部籽晶(TSSG)法生长近化学计量比掺铁铌酸锂(SLN：Fe)，以及采用Czochralski法生长同成分掺铁铌酸锂(CLN：Fe)。测试了晶体的晶格常数、吸收光谱和红外光谱。Li^ 取代反位铌(NbLi^4 )和占据锂空位，使SLN：Fe晶体的晶格常数变小。SLN：Fe晶体的吸收边相对于CLN：Fe晶体发生了紫移。SLN：Fe晶体的OH吸收峰移到3466cm^—1。利用二波耦合光路测试了晶体的指数增益系数和响应时间，计算了有效裁流子浓度。测试结果表明：SLN：Fe晶体的指数增益系数达到28cm^—1，而CLN：Fe晶体的指数增益系数为18cm^—1；SLN：Fe晶体的响应速度比CLN：Fe晶体提高了1个数量级。     

固相反应法制备CuNb_2O_6的光催化降解甲基橙活性

采用固相反应法制备铌酸铜光催化剂,评价其光催化降解甲基橙的活性。研究摩尔比n(Cu)/n(Nb)、煅烧温度、煅烧时间、光催化剂浓度和光催化反应时间对光催化降解率的影响。结果表明:将n(Cu)/n(Nb)=1:1的CuCO3·Cu(OH)2·H2O和Nb2O5在800℃煅烧5h,可以制备出光催化活性最佳的铌酸铜。扫描电镜和X射线衍射结果显示:制备的铌酸铜为近似圆球形颗粒,物相为CuNb2O6,晶粒尺寸为103nm。煅烧时间延长并不能促使CuNb2O6晶体长大。当CuNb2O6浓度为6g/L时,催化剂的光催化降解效率最大。     

近化学计量比Fe:Mg:LiNbO_3晶体生长与其存储性能

在LiNbO3(LN)中分别掺入0.5%(摩尔分数,下同),1%和2% MgO,0.03%(质量分数)Fe2O3,配料中n(Li)/n(Nb)=1.38,采用顶部籽晶溶液生长法生长近化学计量比Fe:Mg:LiNbO3(near-stoichiometric Fe:Mg:LiNbO3,Fe:Mg:SLN)晶体。测试了晶体的红外光谱、抗光损伤能力和存储性能。结果表明:Fe:2%Mg:LN晶体的OH-吸收峰移到3535cm-1,抗光损伤能力比Fe:LN提高3个数量级。Fe:0.5%Mg:LN晶体的灵敏度、动态范围和抗光损伤能力比Fe:LN晶体分别高2.5倍,2倍和1个数量级。以Fe:2%Mg:LN晶体和Fe:LN晶体分别作为存储介质,进行大容量存储实验。在一个公共体积内实现1200幅体全息图的存储。Fe:2%Mg:LN晶体的存储质量优于Fe:LN晶体。     

氧化还原处理对Mg:Ce:Cu:LiNbO_3晶体光折变性能的影响

在同成分铌酸锂(LiNbO3,LN)晶体中,掺入的摩尔分数分别为0.1%.3%,6%MgO,掺入0.1%(质量分数,下同)CuO和0.05%CeO2.采用提拉法生长了优质的Mg:Ce:Cu:LN晶体,对生长后的晶体极化后分别进行了氧化和还原处理.测定了Mg:Ce:Cu:LN晶体的紫外-可见光吸收光谱和光折变性能.结果表明:与未经氧化和还原处理的晶体相比,在掺MgO量为1%和3%时.经氧化处理的晶体的吸收边发生了紫移,经还原处理的晶体的吸收边发生了红移;而在掺MgO量为6%时,氧化处理后晶体的吸收边紫移趋势小明碌.氧化处理后晶体的抗光损伤能力R减弱,而还原处理后晶体的R增强:而当掺入MgO为6%时,Mg:Ce:Cu:LN晶体的R最大,Mg:Ce:Cu:LN晶体的R比Ce:Cu:LN晶体高2个数量级.结合铌酸锂晶体的锂空位缺陷模型解释了有关实验结果.     

In vitro antibacterial response of ZnO-MgO nanocomposites at various compositions

ZnO-MgO nanocomposites were prepared by a co-precipitation method and afterward compared with pristine ZnO and MgO accordingly. XRD and EDX spectra were used to confirm the crystal structure and crystallite size of these materials. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that antibacterial activity of ZnO:MgO composite enhances with crystallite size reduction ~1.34 times in comparison to pristine ZnO or MgO specimens, accompanied by domination of defect generation over defect annihilation activity. Besides, average particle sizes also reduce to ~2 times at 1:3 MgO/ZnO composite in comparison to MgO. The particle size of ZnO was substantially higher due to rod-like morphology. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration outcomes also show that ZnO-MgO composites are more effective against gram-negative pathogens in appropriate ratios (ZnO:MgO) of 1:3 and 3:1 with the concentration of 15,000 µg/ml. Similarly, gram-positive pathogens were In contrast, ZnO and MgO separately or in 1:1 composite ratio does not prove considerably effective on all the five microbes (required higher >25,000 µg/ml) MIC to counter gram-negative pathogens. Additionally, lower doses of 3ZnO:1MgO and 1ZnO:3MgO ~5000 µg/ml composite nanoparticles are effective on gram-positive pathogens. Similarly, 3ZnO:1MgO composition proved highly productive at a much lower concentration, that is, 12500 ≤ X ≤ 15000 to counter gram-negative pathogens. Besides, 1ZnO:3MgO is effective against gram-negativepathogens at MIC ranging from 12500 ≤ X ≤ 15000 µg/ml.     

柠檬酸交联纤维素凝胶材料的制备与性能表征

以天然纤维素为原料,柠檬酸（CA）为交联剂,柠檬酸三钠（TSC）为催化剂,经“环酐-酯化”反应制备了一种具备空间化学交联结构的纤维素凝胶材料。使用红外光谱仪、扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪分别表征了该种凝胶材料的化学结构和微观结构,并研究了该种凝胶材料的相关性能。结果表明,纤维素大分子聚集体在制备过程中发生了重结晶;随着初始纤维素浓度增大,凝胶材料的堆积结构逐渐致密并出现明显的分型特质。凝胶材料的热分解温度为280～350℃;比热容为7.564～15.660J/(g?K);热导率为0.43～0.51W/(m?K);吸水率为72.6%～96.7%;储能模量为52.948～162.59MPa。良好的储热、隔热性能和储能模量使得该种材料有望应用在保温包装夹层材料领域。     

掺钕钨酸钆钠晶体生长、结构及光谱特性

采用提拉法生长了尺寸为φ(30～35)mm×80mm的掺钕钨酸钆钠[Nd:NaGd(WO4)2,Nd:NGW]晶体。生长Nd:NGW晶体的最佳工艺参数为:晶体的提拉速率为1～2mm/h,晶体转速为15～18r/min,冷却速率为10℃/h,液面上轴向温度梯度为0.7～1℃/mm。通过热重-差热分析(thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis,TG-DTA),X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)对晶体进行表征。测试了晶体的红外及Raman光谱,分析了晶体的振动模式,并将晶体振动光谱进行归属。由TG-DTA曲线得到晶体熔点为1251.7℃。XRD分析表明:晶体属于四方晶系、白钨矿结构、I41/a空间群,晶胞参数a=0.53213nm,c=1.13070nm。吸收光谱表明:Nd:NGW晶体在805nm附近有较强、较宽的吸收峰,吸收截面积为3.581×10-20cm2,适合于激光二极管泵浦。     

Mg:Ce:Fe:LiNbO3晶体生长及其全息存储性能

在同成分LiNbO3(LN)中,掺入MgO的摩尔分数分别为0,2%,4%,6%,掺入(质量分数)0.1?O2和0.08?2O3,采用提拉法生长了优质的Mg:Ce:Fe:LN晶体.检测了Mg:Ce:Fe:LN晶体的红外透射光谱和光损伤阈值.结果表明:6%Mg:0.1?:0.08?:LN晶体的OH-振动吸收峰紫移到3 532cm-1,其光损伤阈值比Ce:Fe:LN晶体提高2个数量级以上.用二波耦合光路测试晶体的衍射效率,写入时间和擦除时间.计算了光折变灵敏度和动态范围.结果表明:Mg:Ce:Fe:LN晶体全息存储性能优于Fe:LN晶体和Ce:Fe:LN晶体.以4%Mg:0.1?:0.08?:LN晶体作为全息记录材料,实现了总存储页面为3 200幅图像的存储,再现图像清晰完整.     

掺镁近化学计量比LiTaO3晶体的生长及光学性能

在同成分LiTaO3熔体中掺入一定剂量的K2O,采用顶部籽晶提拉法生长掺镁近化学计量比LiTaO3晶体.对晶体分别进行光谱分析,畴结构和抗光损伤阈值的测定.结果表明:与同成分掺镁LiTaO3晶体相比较,其紫外吸收边出现明显蓝移,红外吸收峰变弱.腐蚀晶片的晶相显微镜观察结果表明:掺镁近化学剂量比晶体的畴结构是较为规则的六边形;晶体的抗光致散射能力明显提高.     

Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline films using Fenton reagent

The chemical oxidation of aniline to form polyaniline (PANI) films and powder samples was made using Fenton reagent as an oxidizing agent in aqueous sulfuric acid medium. The PANI films were monitored by using the quartz crystal microbalance and the electronic absorption techniques. The optimum concentration was determined and the results were justified by measuring the UV–vis absorption spectra for the in situ PANI films. The conductivity for the PANI films and powder samples, prepared in different conditions, was measured. Also, the IR spectra, X‐ray and the thermogravimetric analysis for the PANI powder formed in the bulk were measured and compared with the polymer prepared using ammonium peroxydisulfate. A preliminary investigation to the dielectric properties of the polymer powder was measured and discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Ho3+:Yb3+:KLa(WO4)2激光晶体生长与性能

以K2W2O7为助熔剂,采用泡生法生长钬镱双掺钨酸镧钾[Ho3 :Yb3 :KLa(WO4)2,Ho:Yb:KLW]晶体.通过热重-差热分析,确定晶体的熔点为1 118 ℃,在熔点以下晶体没有相变,热稳定性很好.X射线衍射分析表明:所生长的晶体为四方晶系Ho:Yb:KLW晶体,晶胞参数为a =b =0.538 nm,c =1.193 nm.测量晶体的红外及Raman光谱,并对峰值进行了归属.晶体样品的吸收光谱显示:Yb3 在978 nm处吸收峰较强,半峰宽为19 nm,适合采用InGaAs半导体激光二极管来作为激励源.表明Yb3 对Ho3 具有敏化作用.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Coralline Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles

Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles were prepared using sol–gel process. The nanoparticles were then dried using a supercritical drying process. The particles were characterized for surface morphology, crystal structure, and surface functionality. The nanoparticles show a coralline structure with an average particle size of 200–300 nm with a surface area of 257 m²/g. The X-ray diffraction spectra of these materials are also obtained. The MgO particles, when contacted with a model explosive component 2, 4 dinitrotoluene in water at 50°C, showed a concentration reduction of 96%.     

Characterization,separation performance,and model analysis of STPP‐chitosan/PAN polyelectrolyte complex membranes

Polyelectrolyte complex membranes (PCMs) were prepared using sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) solution surface‐crosslinking chitosan/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite membranes. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to characterize the surface‐crosslinking. The effects of different surface‐crosslinking time on morphologies, element distribution, and crystal structures were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion of X‐ray (EDX), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of crosslinking ratio on swelling ratio was analyzed. The separation performances of PCMs in terms of permeation flux and separation factor were measured by dehydrating ethyl acetate aqueous solutions. A kinetic model of crosslinking reaction was proposed to investigate the effect of crosslinking agent concentration and surface‐crosslinking time on the crosslinking ratio of PCMs. It was found that the membrane possessed the excellent performance when surface crosslinked for 15 min. The permeation flux and separation factor were 336 g/(m² h) and 6270 in 97 wt % ethyl acetate aqueous solution at 313 K. The crosslinking ratio of PCM exponentially increased as time increased, while linearly increased as concentration and diffusion coefficient of crosslinking agent STPP solution increased. And the effect of crosslinking agent concentration on crosslinking ratio was inversely proportional to surface‐crosslinking time. The experimental results matched well with the kinetic model when STPP concentration was lower than 5 wt %. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011