一种自适应编码调制抗雨衰对策的研究

在高频段卫星通信系统中,有效的抗雨衰措施是一个非常重要的研究课题.本文根据国际电信联盟无线电通信部门(ITU-R)的雨衰预测模型,以武汉-134°E星下行链路(20GHz)为例,对自适应编码调制抗雨衰技术进行了研究,给出了该自适应编码调制抗雨衰系统实现框图,并对系统性能进行了仿真.仿真结果表明,与传统的QPSK调制方式相比,该系统年中断时间大大减少,吞吐量明显提高.     

雨衰时间序列的混沌识别与预测

针对传统模型在高频段雨衰预测时存在参数计算复杂、实时性差的问题，设计了一种新的非线性动态预测模型.通过混沌识别证明了雨衰时序具备混沌的动力学特性及采用混沌预测方法的可行性.该方法以雨衰前导数据为训练样本建立非线性自适应滤波器，可忽略不同地理区域降雨分布差异性的影响.仿真结果表明，嵌入维数是影响预测精度的最主要因素，在满足嵌入维数为8、重构时延为3 s、采样间隔为1 s条件时预测相对误差可达0.05以下.同时预测的雨衰时间概率分布与ITU-R模型相比有较好的一致性，验证了所提方法具备参数配置简单、可用度高的优点.     

Ka频段卫星通信典型地区雨衰分析与补偿方法探讨

本文首先介绍了Ka频段卫星通信雨衰产生机理及ITU-R雨衰预测模型。然后重点介绍了103°E在轨Ka卫星在我国各雨域地区（典型城市）的雨衰情况。最后联系以往Ku频段工程实施经验,总结出常用的三种Ka频段卫星通信抗雨衰补偿方法：分集技术中的业务速率分集技术、功率控制技术中的上行链路开环功率控制技术和自适应编码技术中的自适应纠错编码技术。     

长春和新乡雨衰时间序列的马尔科夫链模拟

基于马尔科夫理论建立的N阶马尔科夫链模型,模拟了长春和新乡地区的降雨衰减时间序列,比较了长春和新乡地区单个模拟和实测雨衰时间序列的概率分布;分别统计了长春和新乡地区50组模拟雨衰时间序列的百分概率分布,并与国际电信联盟无线电通信研究组(ITU-R)提供的卫星轨道位置为92°E、频率为12.5GHz在线极化情况下长春和新乡雨区不同降雨衰减值下的时间百分概率进行了比较,一致性很好,从而验证了N阶马尔可夫链模型在中国部分地区的可用性。模拟结果对我国在Ku及以上频段通信卫星的抗衰落技术的发展具有重要的应用价值。     

卫星链路降雨衰减的测量及频率换算

利用雨量计、频谱仪、计算机等设备,对武汉地区某时段降雨率和Ku频段卫星下行链路(12GHz)的降雨衰减进行了测量.通过数据处理,得到降雨率与降雨衰减的关系.经频率换算得到了相同条件下Ka频段卫星下行链路(20GHz)的降雨率与降雨衰减的关系.针对ITU - R预测模型的不精确性,根据频率换算值对预测模型进行修正.该换算值可为该链路Ka频段卫星通信抗雨衰方案的设计提供理论依据.     

一种改进的Ka频段雨衰减预测模型

论述了Ka频段中雨衰减率和DAH雨衰减预测模型,为了建立适合我国Ka频段的雨衰减预测模型,对DAH雨衰减预测模型进行了改进.以西安和北京地区为例,通过和ITU-R频率比例关系进行仿真比较,结果表明,改进后的模型克服了DAH模型的缺陷,在理论上更适合我国的气候和地形.     

基于ARIMA时序算法的车站人流密度预测模型

根据车站的人流密度数据,利用ARIMA模型进行了预测,将非平稳的时间序列进行差分,得到平稳化的时间序列,通过Durbin-Watson检验测试数据的稳定性并观察ARIMA模型的残差平均值和方差以及连续残差的自相关性。通过将数据按照比例分为训练集和数据集来对模型进行评估,得到模型的评估得分。为了进一步提高车站人流密度的预测精度,建立基于k-means聚类的ARIMA组合预测模型,通过k-means聚类算法将问题一中得到的主要影响因素的数据集进行聚类,观察每一类数据的组内特点,对每一类数据重新利用ARIMA模型进行预测,然后计算出组合模型的评估得分。     

地空雨衰减预报新模式比较

地空雨衰减预报模式一直是10GHz以上频段地空传播特性研究的重点,2003年中国和英国分别向ITU-R提交了两种地空雨衰减预报改进模式.本文介绍了其改进之处,并按ITU-R的要求,对这两种新模式进行了比较,比较结果表明中国模式具有更好的预测精度.     

基于数值天气预报预测电波雨衰的关键问题分析

随着Ka频段卫星通信产品的推广应用,降雨衰减在卫星通信系统中的影响越来越大。经典雨衰预测方法利用年固定时间百分比降雨率数据计算,在卫星通信系统设计中发挥了重要作用,但并不能用于天气对全网各节点的影响分析。随着气象科技的不断进步,小时降水量预报不断精细,使得在特定通信保障任务中评估预测各节点雨衰值成为可能。在充分介绍了经典雨衰模型ITU-R和数值天气预报的基础上,从降雨率换算、降雨率平均化、雨顶高度判定三个角度出发,提出了构建基于降水预报数据雨衰预报模型的关键问题,并指出了相关改进方法。     

Ka频段地空路径雨衰及频率比例因子

利用中国国内58个典型站点的参数.根据ITU-R地空路径雨衰预报模型,计算出58个站点地空路径上Ka频段的降雨衰减以及不同频率的衰减值之比,通过数值计算方法拟合得到Ka频段频率比例因子的表达式.本文得到的频率比例因子的计算结果优于ITU-R所推荐的频率比例因子的计算结果.     

Proposed Model for Radio Wave Attenuation due to Rain (RWAR)

Radio wave attenuation is primarily caused by the absorption of a radio signals by some atmospheric phenomenon like rain, snow or ice, clouds, dust etc. These losses are more prevalent in the frequency ranges above 10 GHz. Attenuation caused by rain is not only limited to satellite up-link and down-link but it can also affect the point-to-point terrestrial microwave links above 10 GHz. This paper briefly discussed about the work done by researchers at different parts of the world regarding the attenuation caused by the rain for higher frequencies. It then proposes a mathematical model for prediction of radio wave attenuation due to rain. The implementation results of proposed model were also compared with the ITU-R model.

     

基于雨胞分布的视距链路雨衰减预报模型

基于指数雨胞分布,推导得到路径调整因子,提出了一种新的视距链路雨衰减预报模型.利用ITU-R视距链路雨衰减数据库数据回归得到了预报模型中的参数.通过和ITU-R模型以及近几年发展的几种雨衰减模型比较表明,这一模型较其他模型具有更好的预测精度.     

Electromagnetic Waves Attenuation due to Rain: A Prediction Model for Terrestrial or L.O.S SHF and EHF Radio Communication Links

Because of the interest raised for SHF and EHF radio communications, the attenuation of electromagnetic waves by rain will always constitute a major concern for telecommunication engineers and scientists. The rain attenuation prediction models exposed in literature calculate the attenuation related to a given rain rate or else to a given percentage of time. The new model proposed in this paper, predicts with a good accuracy the percentage of time for which any given rain attenuation will be exceeded on terrestrial SHF, EHF radiowaves links, provided the rain rate R₀₀₁ (mm/h) that represents rain rate value exceeded for 0.01% of time in the locality of interest is available. R₀₀₁ (mm/h) data being available for most of the localities across the world in ITU-R data base, we may conclude that this new model proposed here, can be broadly and successfully used.     

Long-term rain attenuation probability and site diversity gain prediction formulas

Simple models for long-term induced rain attenuation on a slant path and site diversity gain are presented in this work. As verified by numerous tests against the ITU-R databank and other data from the literature, the proposed models exhibit a very good performance. The novel slant path rain attenuation prediction model compared to the ITU-R one exhibits a similar behavior at low time percentages and a better root-mean-square error performance for probability levels above 0.02%. Moreover, comparing the proposed site diversity gain model with other widely accepted models from the literature, an improved performance is observed for distances less than 15 km, while the model performs equally well for greater distances. Furthermore, a sensitivity test between the proposed and Hodge's formula with respect to the separation distance D is also carried out. While the lower limit of the proposed model is found to be D=1.7 km, its extension covering large-scale site diversity is successfully compared with experimental data coming from Japan. The set of presented models exhibits the advantage of easy implementation with little complexity and is considered useful for educational and back of the envelope computations.     

基于进化神经网络的地空路径雨衰减模型

雨衰减对工作在高频的地空通信链路稳定性具有很大影响。本文在考虑多个参数对雨衰减非线性影响的基础上,建立了基于进化神经网络的雨衰模型,并与ITU－R模型进行了比较。结果表明,利用本文提出的模型进行高频电波的预测具有更好的精度,可降低平均误差0.64dB,并减小标准偏差0.79bD,为雨衰减预测提供了一种新的方法。     

视距链路的雨衰减预报模式研究

基于ITU-R的视距链路雨衰减数据库中的数据,本文提出了一种新的视距链路雨衰减的预报模式,给出了一种新的路径调整因子与不同时间概率雨衰减转换公式.与其他几种预报模式的比较表明,新模式与实验结果有更好的一致性.     

Measurement of rain-induced zenith-path attenuation using 19.9 GHz radiometer at Amritsar (India)

The paper presents the results of 19.9 GHz radiometric propagation studies conducted over a period of one year at Amritsar, for determining rain-induced zenith path attenuation. The zenith path attenuation has been determined by the measurements of sky noise temperature received by the radiometer. The results obtained from the experiment are presented in the form of annual cumulative distributions of rain rate, sky noise temperature, and zenith path attenuation together with worst-month statistics. The rainfall rate cumulative distribution as predicted by ITU-R for our geographical location is lower than the actually measured rainfall rate cumulative distribution. The cumulative distribution of zenith path attenuation predicted by using ITU-R model overestimates the measured cumulative distribution of zenith path attenuation.     

Étude de l’affaiblissement de propagation à 13 GHz dû aux précipitations tropicales

Measurements of rainfall rates and attenuation due to rain at 13 GHz have been carried out in Ivory Coast during copt 81 experiment in May and June 81. Rainfall attenuation distributions for horizontal and vertical polarizations and rain rate distributions along the path are presented. Values of differential attenuation and specific attenuation are derived from experimental data as a function of rain rate. Some rain attenuation prediction models are tested against our experimental data at 13 GHz on a 19,2 km path length.