CI分散红92在涤/棉混纺上的印花

CI分散红92的结构为:目前,国外有两家公司生产该结构染料,其商品名如下:Navilene Brilliant Red BEL(ICI)Palanil Brilliant Red BEL(BASF)据西德巴底斯公司报导,将尿素、尿素衍生物或氨基甲酸酯的N-羟甲基或N-羟甲基醚衍生物加入到含有上述结构染料的印花浆中,用于涤棉混纺印花时,可改进分散染料的耐摩牢度和耐洗牢度。例如,160克/米_2的67/33涤/棉混纺织物用含有上述结构的染料、水膨化增稠剂的浆料印花,织物烘干,尔后在175℃汽蒸6分钟,然后再用含有Na_2S_2O_6、NaOH和洗涤剂的水溶液处理,可在涤棉上得到鲜艳的深红色印花,并具有很好的耐摩和耐洗牢度。所用水膨化增稠剂系二异丁基醚-马来酸酐共聚物和二乙烯二恶烷交链的聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯及1,3,4,6-四(甲氧基乙氧     

分散染料在涤纶针织物上固色条件的选择

分散染料印花后的针织物,目前固色方法大致有压力汽蒸、过热汽蒸和热空气固色法,这些方法的特点为:压力汽蒸(高温高压汽蒸法):正常固色条件为128—130℃×30分钟(2.67公斤/厘     

尿素法制备无水溴化锂工艺研究

介绍了以溴素、碳酸锂及尿素为原料,制备无水溴化锂工艺研究。通过工艺研究得出了最佳工艺条件为:溴素和尿素重量比为1:0.124、反应温度T=60℃,反应p H=6-7、烘干方式为先抽真空,再充氮气保护在220℃烘干,该工艺生产的产品为白色粉末、主含量≥99.5%、水分0.3%、成本低,有显著的经济效益。     

减少人造棉活性印花中的尿素用量

在人造棉织物BF型活性染料印花中试验证明尿素在提高给色量方面作用不如延长汽蒸时间有效；碱剂用硅酸钠或纯碱效果较好。表面活性剂配合尿素作用，可大大降低尿素用量。     

经济型活性深黑染料-Remazol Black NF

DyStar推出一种新经济型深黑色活性染料-Remazol Black NF,该染料具有很宽的应用范围,可用于竭染、冷轧堆和连续染色工艺如常用的浸轧-烘干-浸轧-汽蒸和浸轧-烘干-汽蒸染色工艺,染得深黑色。     

过氧化尿素工艺条件优化

双氧水与尿素反应合成过氧化尿素。结合正交实验,通过单因素优选考察了过氧化氢与尿素的摩尔配比,反应温度和结晶温度对产品活性氧含量及其收率的影响,得出最佳工艺条件为：反应时间45min,烘干温度30℃,摩尔配比1.3,反应温度30℃,结晶温度0℃。最佳工艺条件下产品的活性氧含量可达到16.8％以上,收率可达到54％。     

农用水溶性聚磷酸铵合成工艺条件研究

采用尿素磷酸法合成农用水溶性聚磷酸铵,讨论物料配比、聚合反应温度、聚合反应时间、固化反应温度、固化反应时间等因素对产品性能的影响。通过试验得到的最优工艺条件:磷酸与尿素的物质的量比1.0∶1.5,聚合反应温度130℃,聚合反应时间10 min,固化温度180℃,固化时间1.5 h。在此最优工艺条件下,聚磷酸铵产品的平均聚合度为11.52,在100 g水中的溶解量为3.180 g,水溶性良好。     

涂料印花颜料色浆的发展概况

一、颜料浆简介自1937年美国的Int-erchem公司第一次介绍了水/油相乳化糊系统涂料印花技术之后,由于涂料印花比染料印花工艺简单,仅需经过印花和烘干过程,不必汽蒸和水洗,可节省能源,用途又广泛,可适用于棉、麻、蚕丝、粘胶纤维、合成纤维及混纺织物的印花。因此,到1940年前后,德国和瑞士也先后应用了涂料印花技术。涂料印花的发展极为迅速,产品不断的更     

盐湖粗镁提纯工艺实验研究

本文对运城盐湖大田结晶的粗制硫酸镁进行了提纯实验，得出了工艺路线：粗镁→溶解→热滤→冷却搅拌→冷抽滤→烘干。研究表明，工艺条件为：溶解温度80-90℃、相对密度1．37～1.39g／Cm^3，热滤温度≥75℃，冷却结晶时间8h、搅拌速度50-60r／min，冷抽滤温度18℃。烘干温度45-55℃。     

正交法优化聚磷酸铵的合成工艺研究

以磷酸和尿素为原料合成聚磷酸铵,探讨原料配比、反应温度、聚合时间等因素对产品聚合度的影响,正交实验确定较优工艺条件:尿素与磷酸的摩尔配比为1.7∶1,预聚合温度180℃,固化温度240℃,固化时间为160 min,产品外观为白色固体,平均聚合度为34,溶解度为0.98 g/100 mL水。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。