Recent urban development in Gijón (Spain). Historic aerial photography as a tool for sustainability assessment of the process

The digital collection of historic aerial photography, held by the Department of Geography at the University of Oviedo, has proved to be an important resource when analyzing the processes of urban development. Imagery helps us identify the different pieces of urban fabric in their context, and furthermore, to understand how the process of change unfolds. Photo interpretation techniques are used in order to detect the spatial pattern of the new urban developments.Gijón, in Spain, is a very good example of a Southern European city. Generally, these cities tend to be denser than those in Northern Europe or even in North America. Even today the outskirts in South European cities are not synonyms of low-density residential zones. The built-up area in Gijón has increased over the past decade; as a result, several examples of new urban developments are available today, from densification and suburban infill to urban regeneration policies. The new districts Nuevo Roces and Viesques are pointed out to explain the relationship between urban form and social sustainability. Physical factors such as compact building forms, cycling lanes, surrounding green areas and walkable neighborhoods are complemented by other aspects like social housing, public transport connections and urban design with mixed land use in order to achieve socially-compatible urban areas.To sum up, our proposal involves the use of historic aerial photography with the purpose of gaining effective knowledge on new urban developments in Gijón.     

浅析我国城市更新的发展进程

随着我国经济社会的快速发展,城市化水平不断提高,城市空间扩张加剧,功能更迭日趋频繁,城市更新的速度、规模和体量持续提高。特别是进入21世纪后,我国城市更新的目标、内容、手段等日趋复杂,出现了许多新的问题。本文从城市的更新改造、渐进发展和与之出现的问题三大方面系统地梳理我国城市的发展进程,总结现今我国城市发展的特征和具体实施方法,为未来发展绿色、健康的新型城市发展提出建议。     

近十年我国城市遗产保护中公众参与研究综述

该文对近十年来我国有关城市遗产保护中公众参与的研究进行了回顾。所分析的66篇文献分别从以下三个角度开展了研究:遗产保护原则和方法角度,城市遗产保护和再利用实践角度以及城市社会、管理学和经济学角度。这些研究和探索虽已取得了许多有价值的结论,但基于可持续角度的城市遗产保护的公众参与还未提及。因此在文章的最后,就未来的研究提出些许建议。     

“合作伙伴组织”政策的发展与创新——英国城市治理经验

本文以英国城市发展进程中“合作伙伴组织”政策的发展历程、组织形式变化以及“合作伙伴组织”政策实施的法律保障与相应的城乡规划法改革研究为基础,较为系统地归纳总结了英国围绕“合作伙伴组织”政策发展和创新的城市治理经验。并由此得出结论,英国城市治理经验的重要在于其将合作伙伴关系作为一种策略,不同阶段的合作伙伴组织运作均有其特定阶段发展目标,为了保障特定阶段城市发展目标的实现,中央政府配合合作伙伴组织运作适时进行了相应城市发展政策创新,并制定了相应的城乡规划法律法规。“城市发展目标城市政策手段城市开发资金与法律保障体系”缺一不可,这一系统运作的城市治理经验值得我们在众多方面参考借鉴。     

Research Progress and Trends of Urban Public Facilities' Location

Urban development in China has recently encountered various problems,and many of these problems have been caused by uneven distribution of public facilities in different districts,so it is signifi cant to choose reasonable locations for urban public facilities. Current researches on location of urban public facilities in China cover various aspects,involve different units,show diverse features,and make outstanding contributions. However,these researches have also obvious limitations. The future study on public facilities' location will focus on specifi c application of the model in different cities,or better consider characteristics of the city.     

The general urban model: Retrospect and prospect

The general urban model is viewed in brief retrospectively, mainly emphasizing the transition for the monocentric 'classical' elements of such a model to the multicentric. The emphasis of the paper, however, is on future prospects. It is argued that it could be developed as the basis of a model-based 'big picture' of urban development through five layers of disaggregation – from the global to the local. There are many opportunities for submodel development but the main future challenge is the modelling of urban and regional evolution. Progress in modelling urban and regional systems as complex nonlinear systems with particular reference to path dependence and phase transitions is reviewed. The idea of urban and regional 'DNA' is introduced which leads to a 'genetic medicine' view of aspects of planning.     

对当前我国以旅游发展为动力的旧城改造的反思

在当前的旧城改造中,以旅游发展为动力的现象经常出现,由此产生的经验与教训值得总结吸取。该文从城市经济、社会文化和物质空间三个方面反思当前我国旧城改造中旅游动力的特点与问题,从空间形态、城市功能和文化现象三个层面提出以旅游发展为动力的旧城改造的研究恩路,并进一步探究相关的改造策略。     

大型带形城市地下空间的集约化开发策略

在快速城镇化的宏观背景下,以兰州为代表的大型带形城市显现出严峻的城市问题,集中体现在:城市建设用地极度紧张;交通问题严重;生态环境恶劣;市政设施效率低等方面。研究基于大型带形城市的突出城市问题,以兰州市为研究落脚点,结合兰州市轨道交通建设机遇,探讨了开发城市地下空间对解决此类型城市的城市问题的作用,宏观分析了地下空间开发策略,其中,以可持续性、集约化为基本原则,重点从调整城市功能角度研究了城市地下空间开发策略,主要内容包括三方面:1)选择可持续的模式,有节制的开发地下空间资源;2)结合整体功能布局,实现地上地下空间的协调发展;3)城市功能空间地下化。     

试论城市设计公共利益的价值判断和实现途径

作为公共政策的城市设计,协调各方面利益,促进城市空间形态的健康发展是首要任务.从最基本的价值判断出发,指出公共利益价值观缺失导致当今诸多城市空间问题的产生,明确公共利益是城市设计的目的价值和职业根基,并从公共物品和公共服务两个层面探讨城市设计及城市设计师保障和实现城市空间公共利益的途径.     

Polycentrism,commuting, and residential location in the San Francisco Bay area

"The San Francisco Bay Area has taken on a distinct polycentric metropolitan form, with three tiers of hierarchical employment centers encircling downtown San Francisco.... In this paper it is found that polycentric development is associated with differentials in suburban and urban commute trip times: commute trips made by employees of suburban centers are shorter in duration than commute trips made by their counterparts in larger and denser urban centers. Differentials were even greater, however, with respect to commuting modal splits. Lower density, outlying employment centers averaged far higher rates of drive-alone automobile commuting and insignificant levels of transit commuting....The effects of housing availability and prices on the residential locational choices of those working both in urban and in suburban employment centers are also investigated...."     

滨水世博园建设与后续开发--解析澳大利亚布里斯班南岸公园

历史上,许多国家的承办城市将世界博览会选址于城市滨水地区。本文以布里斯班南岸公园为主,并结合其它案例的分析 从世博园建设与河流整治的结合,世博园建设带动城市滨水区开发,以及世博园后续开发与城市建设的关系等3个方面对滨水世博园进行了探讨。     

Contested urban streets: Place,traffic and governance conflicts of potential activity corridors

Activity Corridors have emerged as one redevelopment form for accommodating growth within dispersed, car-centric cities. This has seen a new interest in the form and function of urban arterial roads. Efforts to increase development intensity in established suburbia, however, are often highly contentious among local stakeholders. It is unclear whether the offer of improved public transportation infrastructure - a central component of the Activity Corridor concept - influences residents' support for taller or denser built form. This dynamic was explored using a case study along an urban arterial road in Perth, Western Australia. A household survey identified residents' attitudes to increasing development intensity in exchange for varying public transport provision scenarios. The results informed interpretive interviews with planning practitioners. Residents were more supportive of increasing development intensity if public transport was improved. Planners questioned whether recent land use and transport planning approaches adequately reflected community expectations for local “amenity”, and noted several key governance constraints to developing urban Activity Corridors.     

国内外文化集中区建设的对比与分析

随着社会的发展和人们生活水平的提高，文化集中区不断涌现，各个地方都在修建博物馆类建筑，文化集中区成为了一个城市市民活动的优选场所、旅游的关键性元素，同时在一个城市经济的发展中扮演着重要的角色。在促进城市经济发展的同时，文化集中区的建设也存在不少的问题，本文通过对国外著名的文化集中区的分析引申到武汉的文化集中区，从文化场馆自身和文化集中区的公共活动空间等方面分析国内的文化集中区存在的优点和不足。     

城市规划中的弹性问题研究

通过总结当前各层次规划中存在的问题，在编制办法、规划管理等方面提出规划弹性的新思考，为城市规划主动适应市场经济提供新的思路和手段，使城市发展的动态可变性和多样性与城市规划的严肃性和谐统一。     

浅议中小城市商业设施规划设计

当前我国中小城市商业设施中存在着很多问题,随着城市的发展,人们生活发生了巨大变化,我们在规划和建设中应具有大环境共识和全面的效益观,并应注意四个方面.     

大数据时代高校城乡规划本科专业课程体系改革——以安徽师范大学为例

信息技术的发展使数据收集、研究方法及规划设计等发生了深刻变革,城乡规划也进入大数据时代。大数据推动了城市问题分析、城市空间管理的科学化与精准化,并在区域规划、城市总体规划、城市详细规划与设计等多个层面进行方法革新,从而决定了规划结果的合理性。文章以安徽师范大学城乡规划专业为例,在分析大数据对城乡规划专业影响的基础上,从专业基础、技术手段、学科融合等方面分析现有专业课程体系中存在的问题,进而从学科交叉、数据挖掘、区域特色、专业评估等方面提出高校城乡规划本科专业课程体系改革思路,通过课程调整,增设大数据相关课程,提出专业课程改革举措,以期为其他高校城乡规划本科专业课程体系改革提供借鉴。     

适宜与适度：中国当代生态建筑与技术

在中国当今大规模的城乡建设,开发与建造过程中,很多方面都没有真正考虑到整体的生态环境因素,导致了生态环境的诸多问题。无论是建造过程还是建筑本身生命周期各个阶段中所产生的污染,建筑产业能源的不当使用,还是资源的有效利用问题、室内环境舒适度达成的问题以及城市的可持续发展所面临的挑战，都是中国当前所面临的重要生态问题。     

深圳市2010-2016年城市更新活动的实施效果与空间模式分析

在城市化进程不断推进的背景下,城市更新已经成为中国城市发展的重要内容.以城市更新活动已进入制度化和常态化的深圳为研究区域,通过GIS空间分析对深圳市2010年至2016年间的城市更新单元项目的立项与实施情况进行研究,从区位条件、用地现状、规划等多个维度对城市更新活动的区位选择与空间分布模式进行分析.研究表明,城市更新单元制度极大地推动了深圳市存量土地的二次开发,总体实施效果较好,但呈现实施率逐年下降的特征.交通区位、项目用地规模、产权主体数量与项目改造类型均对城市更新活动的空间分布影响明显,体现了深圳市城市更新活动的市场主导特征.城市规划密度分区对城市更新项目的区位选择有明显影响,城市更新项目主要分布在规划容积率较高的密度分区,从密度一区至六区实施率递减.     

试论美好城市的理想图景和规划路径

"城市,让生活更美好"体现了美好城市以人为本的理念,真实反映了人类对城市发展前景的美好希望。美好城市的内涵丰富,其概念具有灵活性、综合性和形象性。以经济和公共安全为基础,从总体愿景、发展指导、建设策略和行政治理4个方面提出相应的规划路径,探索建立美好城市的理想模式,对我国的城市建设和发展具有重要的意义。     

南阳古城空间演变与城市水系的营建研究

南阳古城在其城市发展过程中经历了汉代宛城、唐宋小城、明代唐王府城和清末"梅花城"的不同城市空间形态,它们勾勒出了古城历史发展的前后传承脉络。其中,城市水系作为一个重要的自然要素,在古城的选址、城市对外交通、城池的军事防御体系、城市内部的功能分区、防洪涝减灾等方面发挥了主要作用,反映出水系与城市之间的内在有机联系,成为深入探研和把握古城历史发展规律与特色内涵的不可或缺的线索与路径。