系统仿真确定制冷剂充灌量

对空调循环性能实验装置建立了稳态分布参数系统仿真模型,进行了以R22为工质的变工况、变充灌量的系统仿真,得出了工质充灌量对系统循环参数和循环性能的影响规律。研究表明,充灌量影响冷凝器换热面积的合理分配,从而影响循环性能;系统存在最佳充灌量,与工况变化关系不明显,以合理的过冷度和各工况下制冷系数最大为表征。     

家用热泵空调的系统模拟和实验研究

本文通过对家用热泵型空调的运行分析,针对热泵型空调自身特点,主要考虑制冷剂充灌量和蒸发器结霜对系统性能的影响,并建立系统模型。进行了模拟计算,并对蒸发器结霜做了动态计算,分析了蒸发器结霜和制冷制充灌量对系统性能的影响。计算结果与实验结果较吻合。     

制冷剂充灌量对制冷系统变工况性能影响的分析方法

提出了一种能够定性、定量地说明环境参数及其变化一定时，充灌量与工况和系统性能间的相互关系及变化的方法。对系统的设计、最佳充灌量的确定和制冷系统节能都有一定的指导作用     

制冷剂充灌量和毛细管长度对空调系统性能的影响

在空调器的匹配中，制冷剂充灌量和毛细管长度是两个非常关键的因素。本文采用理论与数值计算的方法，对制冷剂充灌量和毛细管长度对空调系统性能的影响进行了分析，为空调器的优化设计匹配、提高空调器的性能奠定了基础。     

汽车空调应用混合工质泄漏性能的研究

本文对混合工质用于汽车空调替代Ｒ１２的重要问题─—泄漏问题进行了理论分析计算及试验研究。证明混合工质Ｒ２２／Ｒ１５２ａ／Ｒ１４２ｂ在汽车空调系统中正常泄漏对系统性能影响不大。并且参过试验证明系统中工质泄漏后，充灌相同浓度的混合工质可保持系统性能稳定。     

R290灌注式替代R22空调整机性能研究

R290具有优良的环保性和热力学特性,是替代空调R22的潜在工质之一。采用R290对R22空调系统进行灌注式替代,优化并测试毛细管长度、室外温度以及工质充灌量对系统性能的影响,同时分析了换热器内R290沿程质量的分布。研究结果表明,系统充灌R290后制冷能力持平(99%),而性能系数提高了10%～15%。     

R134a空气源热泵热水器实验研究与性能分析

对一台工质为R134a的空气源热泵热水器样机进行了实验测试,研究了在环境温度为20/15℃工况下,最佳充灌量(1500 g)的70%,85%,100%和115%下的系统特性,并在最佳充灌量下研究了膨胀阀开度分别为30%,45%,60%时的系统性能。结果表明系统性能随充灌量增加呈先增大后减小趋势。膨胀阀开度对系统逐时COP影响较大,在水箱温度超过32℃时,增大膨胀阀的开度可以提高系统的COP。此外,基于实验研究,论文对系统损失进行了分析。结论表明系统主要的损失分布在压缩机和冷凝器。系统效率随着水箱温度的升高而不断减小,在开度为30%和60%下,系统效率分别下降约8%和10%左右。     

家用变频空调充注优化过程各参数的研究

为了研究制冷剂充注量的变化对家用变频空调器性能的影响,进行了不同充注量实验。根据实验数据分析了充注量对蒸发器、冷凝器、液相管、气相管的压降以及对系统运行功率、蒸发压力、冷凝压力和系统性能系数(COP)等的影响,并且提出了一个判断系统最佳充注量依据。研究结果对变频空调器的设计优化和充注优化起到了一定的参考价值。     

电子膨胀阀开度及制冷剂充灌量对家用空调器性能影响的研究

对于家用变频空调系统,电子膨胀阀开度的改变会影响制冷系统的过冷度、过热度、蒸发压力等,从而影响系统的制冷量和COP。本文主要研究电子膨胀阀开度、压缩机运行频率以及制冷剂充灌量对空调系统性能的影响。研究结果表明:压缩机运行频率一定时,随电子膨胀阀开度的增大,系统的制冷量和COP均先增大后减小,存在最大值,且最大制冷量和最大COP对应的电子膨胀阀开度相同;压缩机在低频运行时,系统具有较高的COP,随制冷剂充灌量的增加,系统的制冷量和COP均先增大后减小,试验机型的最佳制冷剂充灌量为1 230g。     

商用陈列柜最佳充灌量的试验方法

作者对某公司生产的系列陈列柜产品的充灌量进行了大量的实验研究。详尽地分析了因制冷剂的充灌量不当对陈列柜的运行及系统EER值的影响。最后提出了一种确定普通商用陈列柜制冷剂充灌量的试验方法，对改善陈列柜的运行工况及提高陈列柜的性能指标有着重要的指导意义。     

Influence of liquid receiver on the performance of reversible heat pumps using refrigerant mixtures

A liquid receiver is normally included in reversible vapour compression heat pumps (RHPs) to temporarily store the excess refrigerant charge occurring due to change of operation mode. The presence of a liquid receiver influences the total amount of refrigerant charged into a system, and particularly when using refrigerant mixtures, could affect the system circulation composition. Using a computer simulation, this paper compares the performance of RHPs designed with and without a liquid receiver, when using R407C. It was shown that the presence of a receiver caused an increase in the positive shift in the circulating composition, resulting in improved capacity while reducing the system COP in both heating and cooling modes when compared to a system without a receiver.     

Practical methods for measuring refrigerant mass distribution inside refrigeration system

The purpose of this paper is to present methods for measuring refrigerant mass distribution inside a refrigeration system conveniently and accurately. The quasi on-line measurement method (QOMM) was presented for measuring refrigerant mass inside heat exchangers. Compared with the existing liquid nitrogen method (LNM), QOMM can avoid the refrigerant waste and accelerate the measurement process. For measuring refrigerant mass inside the compressor, QOMM was used together with the oil level observation method. The liquid level method (LLM) was used to measure the refrigerant mass inside the accumulator and the receiver. In order to verify the accuracy of the measurement methods, not only the deviation of the measurement method for refrigerant in single component was analyzed, but also the prediction of the total refrigerant charge in an air conditioner was verified. The results showed that the maximal prediction deviation of the refrigerant charge in the whole refrigeration system is 1.7%.     

Development of a novel multi-capillary, multi-temperature commercial refrigerator cabinet with common low-pressure receiver

A multi-temperature 4 drawer catering cabinet was designed to operate using a low-pressure receiver with capillary expansion to the separate evaporator in each drawer. Low-pressure receivers have been shown to be an effective way of allowing evaporators to operate in a fully flooded mode thus enabling more efficient use of the evaporator surface for heat transfer. If a low-pressure receiver is used in a refrigeration circuit the control of refrigerant flow into the evaporator is less critical as the expansion device is not responsible for preventing liquid returning to the compressor. Therefore, a capillary expansion device can be used effectively over a range of operating pressures. The system was shown to be effective at maintaining temperatures in the storage drawers during chilled, frozen and mixed storage temperature tests carried out to the EN441 test standard. The cabinet operated successfully at all conditions except when the heat load in each drawer was excessive (>400 W above base level heat load). In this case, refrigerant was found to back up in the condenser and the low-pressure receiver was empty of liquid refrigerant. A solution to this would be to allow controlled flow of refrigerant from the condenser to the low-pressure receiver at high condensing pressures.     

机房空调负落差长连管系统膨胀阀前过冷度研究

机房空调在负落差长连管安装方式下会产生启动时低压报警和过冷度较小等问题,对机组运行的稳定性、可靠性和性能产生影响。本文理论计算R407C制冷剂名义工况下不同负落差时膨胀阀前过冷度和压缩机排气压力,发现膨胀阀前过冷度与负落差呈负相关关系,制冷剂在膨胀阀中可能会闪发。基于此,采用带储液罐的空调机组,试验分析储液罐分别位于冷凝器出口处和膨胀阀进口处时膨胀阀前的过冷度,结果表明,储液罐位于膨胀阀进口处可以有效保障膨胀阀前过冷度并降低压缩机排气压力。     

再循环重力供液制冷系统实验

对重力供液制冷系统形成再循环的条件和再循环时蒸发器的传热性能进行理论分析,建立相应的数学模型。将重力供液制冷系统与直接膨胀供液制冷系统进行比较,得到两种不同制冷系统工作特性上的差异。通过在焓差实验室中测定制冷系统在不同工况下的压力、风量、制冷量以及耗功等技术参数,得到重力供液制冷系统和直接膨胀供液制冷系统在室外干球温度一定的情况下传热系数、制冷量以及系统COP的变化规律。实验表明:再循环的形成可以增大制冷剂流速同时充分润湿传热表面,强化换热效果显著,在测试的工况下蒸发器的传热系数可增大近40%,COP最大提高7.6%,低温工况的增幅更大。     

Effects of liquid refrigerant injection on the performance of a refrigeration system with an accumulator heat exchanger

Liquid refrigerant injection technique can be a very effective method for controlling subcooling and the compressor discharge temperature of a refrigeration system at high ambient temperatures. In this study, the effects of liquid refrigerant injection on the performance of a refrigeration system with an accumulator heat exchanger were investigated by varying the liquid injection rate at the conditions of constant expansion valve opening in the evaporator and constant total flow rate. During the tests, the ambient temperature was maintained at 43 °C. With the increase of the liquid injection rate, the subcooling at the inner heat exchanger outlet increased and the superheat at the accumulator outlet decreased. However, unacceptable results such as the increase of the compressor discharge pressure and decrease of the system performance were also observed depending on the control method applied. To obtain high system performance and reliability, optimum control methods for liquid injection in the accumulator heat exchanger are suggested. The liquid injection technique for the refrigeration system with an accumulator heat exchanger was found to be an effective method for controlling adequate subcooling and the compressor discharge temperature of the refrigeration system at high ambient temperatures.     

Measurement of spray boiling refrigerant coefficients in an integral-fin tube bundle segment simulating a full bundle

Outside (refrigerant) boiling coefficients for a combination of spray and drip boiling for a low pressure refrigerant have been obtained from overall heat transfer coefficients in a 1024 fins per meter tube bundle segment. The tubes were heated by water on the inside; liquid refrigerant was sprayed and/or dripped on the outside. Also, refrigerant vapor was supplied at the bottom of the bundle segment. This configuration simulates an actual flooded evaporator under spray boiling conditions. The dripping corresponds to liquid film falling from upper rows while the inlet vapor is equivalent to the vaporized refrigerant rising from lower tubes; the refrigerant vapor can influence heat transfer performance by the combined effects of gas convection and liquid shear on the tubes. For a nominal heat flux of 23,975 W/m², a bundle average outside heat transfer coefficient of 8522 W/m² °C, based on nominal tube outer diameter, was found at an average bundle vapor mass flux equal to 12.4 kg/s m². The distributor plate below the bundle enhanced the heat transfer, especially at lower vapor mass fluxes, by providing a level of liquid hold-up just below the bottom tube row.     

Design of experimental bench and internal pressure measurement of scroll compressor with refrigerant injection

Experiments on the inner compression process of scroll compressor with refrigerant injection can reveal the essence of refrigerant injection. The difficulty of the experiment is the design of location of measuring ports, measuring system of dynamic pressure and design of the injection system. Focusing on the dynamic pressure measurement of inner compression process during refrigerant injection, an integrated bench design method for refrigerant injection research in scroll compressor is presented in this paper. The location design of injection ports and measuring ports, frequency spectrum analysis of pressure signal, selection of the sensor type and configuration, and design of the pressure-leading system are expressed, respectively. Finally, a test bench is set up. Based on it, several elementary experiments were carried out. The results show that: this design method solves most problems in the experimental research of scroll compressor with refrigerant injection and works reliably; the refrigerant injection effects the majority of the inner compression process and should not be considered as a transient process; gas injection can increase the system performance greatly and there is an optimal injection pressure for a certain scroll compressor.     

热泵机组制冷剂充注量补偿对化霜的改进

分析了热泵机组化霜效果差的主要原因是制冷剂充注量不足，计算了化霜时所需的充注量；提出使用制冷剂补偿器代替高压储液器，更能提高吸排气压力，缩短化霜时间，并通过试验证明效果明显。