DP590钢连续冷却过程中的相变规律

通过热膨胀试验、显微组织观察等研究了DP590钢的静态CCT曲线以及加热温度对连续冷却相变规律的影响。结果表明:随着加热温度的升高,奥氏体转变量呈多速增加的趋势;其静态CCT曲线可分为三个区域,冷速在0.5～15℃·s-1范围内获得铁素体和珠光体组织,冷速超过15℃·s-1时出现贝氏体组织,冷速较高时(约30℃·s-1)出现马氏体组织;当加热温度降低时,珠光体区右移,贝氏体转变孕育期延长,马氏体开始转变温度降低,马氏体与贝氏体相变区域分离,马氏体开始转变温度随着冷速的增加而升高;随着冷速增加,铁素体、珠光体的析出被抑制,马氏体析出动力得以增加;随着加热温度升高,相同冷却速率下的铁素体含量增多,马氏体板条变细。     

含钛高强度钢变形奥氏体的连续冷却相变

用Gleeble-1500型热力模拟试验机研究了含钛高强度钢变形奥氏体在连续冷却过程中的相变规律,用膨胀法结合金相法建立了该钢变形和未变形奥氏体的连续冷却转变曲线（CCT）,并探讨了该钢的热轧可行性。结果表明：高温变形促进该钢铁素体和珠光体相变,同时抑制了贝氏体相变,扩大了铁素体转变区;试验钢变形奥氏体的CCT曲线具有较宽的铁素体转变区,贝氏体的开始转变温度较低,可把此温度之上作为卷取区。这为热轧生产含钛高强度钢提供了基本条件。     

440MPa级高强IF钢的连续冷却相变规律

利用膨胀仪和热模拟试验机测定了440MPa级高强度IF钢的静态和动态CCT曲线,并对其相变规律进行了分析。结果表明:在静态和动态转变的开始阶段均出现了铁素体组织,随冷速的提高出现了贝氏体铁素体组织,使转变产物晶粒细化;与静态转变相比,动态转变提高了奥氏体向铁素体转变的开始温度,促进了铁素体相变,使转变产物晶粒细化。     

LGB38MnV钢连续冷却转变曲线及组织研究

利用膨胀法在Gleeble-3500热模拟机上测定了LGB38Mn V钢的相变点,并绘制了连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线,确定了各转变组织的转变温度和临界冷却速度。结果表明,LGB38MnV钢在高温区和小的冷却速度下形成铁素体+珠光体,在中温和相对较大一些的冷却速度下形成贝氏体,在低温和快速冷却时形成马氏体,珠光体和马氏体的临界冷却速度分别为1°C·s~(-1)和3°C·s~(-1).     

钼含量对3Cr2MnNiMoV钢奥氏体连续冷却转变行为的影响

采用FORMASTOR-FII型相变仪测不同钼含量3Cr2MnNiMoV钢的临界相变点和热膨胀曲线,结合显微组织和硬度结果,绘制奥氏体连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线,研究了钼含量对该钢奥氏体连续冷却转变行为的影响。结果表明:在0.03~16.2℃·s~(-1)冷却速率范围内,试验钢的CCT曲线都可以划分为中温转变区和低温转变区,相变产物分别为贝氏体和马氏体,均未发现珠光体;随着钼含量的增加,试验钢马氏体转变的临界冷却速率降低,CCT曲线右移,淬透性提高;随着冷却速率的增加,试验钢的显微硬度先快速增加后缓慢增加,当冷却速率大于0.14℃·s~(-1)时,在相同的冷却速率下,含有较多钼元素的试验钢具有更高的硬度。     

奥氏体区压缩变形对低碳贝氏体钢贝氏体相变的影响

通过热膨胀相变仪得到热膨胀曲线,结合显微组织和硬度测试结果,绘制Si-Mn-MoCr-V低碳贝氏体钢的静态过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变曲线;利用热模拟试验机在奥氏体区对试验钢进行不同变形量的压缩变形,随后冷却到不同温度保温150s再空冷至室温,研究了奥氏体区压缩变形对贝氏体相变和显微组织的影响。结果表明:未经奥氏体区压缩变形、奥氏体区单道次压缩变形40%、奥氏体区两道次压缩变形58%条件下,试验钢贝氏体相变起始温度分别约为400,385,300℃;奥氏体区压缩变形后试验钢在冷却过程中的贝氏体相变延迟,相变起始温度降低,且变形量越大,贝氏体相变的起始温度越低;与未奥氏体区压缩变形试验钢相比,奥氏体区变形后试验钢在冷却过程中形成的贝氏体组织明显细化,晶粒取向增多,且硬度明显升高。     

高强耐候钢相变组织变化规律研究

进行了400MPa级高强耐候钢的成分设计和试验室冶炼,通过热模拟试验,分析了不同工艺条件下奥氏体晶粒的变化规律;并进一步测定了试制钢的动态、静态CCT曲线,对其相变规律进行了初步研究。结果表明：动态连续冷却转变温度略高于静态转变,动态连续转变γ＋α两相区的温度区间在100℃以上,静态连续冷却转变两相区的温度区间在70～90℃之间;冷却转变的显微组织为大量铁素体和部分珠光体。     

BM510L汽车大梁钢的连续冷却转变曲线

采用膨胀法在Gleeble-3500型热模拟试验机上测定了BM510L钢在不同冷速下连续冷却时的膨胀曲线及连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线);利用光学显微镜、显微硬度计研究了BM510L钢连续冷却过程中奥氏体转变后的组织和显微硬度。结果表明:随着冷速的提高,铁素体转变开始温度降低,珠光体转变终了温度也逐渐降低,当冷速大于1℃·s-1时,组织中开始发生贝氏体转变,当冷速为15℃·s-1时,组织已完全转变为贝氏体组织;随着冷速的提高,其显微硬度逐渐增大。     

高钒高速钢连续冷却转变曲线的测定与分析

利用Gleeble1500D型热模拟试验机测定了新型高钒高速钢在1 000 ℃奥氏体化后以不同冷却速率冷却时的相变膨胀曲线,并用Origin软件绘制了该钢的连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线.结果表明:高钒高速钢在连续冷却过程中存在珠光体、贝氏体和马氏体转变;当冷却速率在0.25 ℃/s时,能获得珠光体、贝氏体、马氏体与奥氏体的混合组织;马氏体开始转变的临界冷却速率约为0.5 ℃/s,其开始转变点Ms低于200 ℃,且随着冷却速率的增大而降低.     

钻头用15CrNiMn钢奥氏体的连续冷却转变

采用DIL805L型膨胀仪测得了钻头用15CrNiMn钢的奥氏体连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线,研究了试验钢在不同冷却速率下的相变过程、显微组织和硬度。结果表明:试验钢在很宽的冷速范围内均出现贝氏体组织,铁素体、珠光体转变区和贝氏体转变区完全分离;随着冷却速率增加,试验钢的室温组织逐渐细化,硬度明显增大。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.