通道式辐射计的相对光谱响应率定标

为配合气象卫星的在轨辐射定标,利用自行设计的宽光谱辐射定标系统配合高精度陷阱探测器,采用光谱替代法为试验中所需的可见、近红外辐射计和近红外、短波红外辐射计进行了高精度相对光谱响应率定标.详细叙述和分析了定标过程以及影响测量结果的不确定度源,其最终合成不确定度为3.21×10-3,满足了定标精度要求.     

面向定量化红外遥感的热电堆探测器定标技术

从红外遥感信息定量化的发展要求出发,分析了测辐射热计、热电堆探测器和热释电探测器的响应特性,选择薄膜热电堆探测器TS-76作为传递标准探测器.搭建高精度光谱响应率定标系统,使用宽波段可调谐激光器和绝对低温辐射计对TS-76探测器的线性、空间均匀性以及重复性进行了标定.按照国际通用不确定度评估规范,对光谱响应率测量结果进行不确定度分析和评估,联合不确定度小于1.5%,并根据实验结果提出实现高精度中远红外辐射定标的技术方案,证明基于热电堆探测器的红外辐射定标技术可以有效缩短标准传递的链路,提高定标的精度.     

陷阱探测器面响应均匀性的测量

对陷阱探测器的面响应均匀性进行了测量。在主要灵敏面内 ,面响应均匀性测量结果的重复性达到 4×10 -5。给出了对 S1337、S12 2 7等 4种不同硅光电二极管构成的陷阱探测器的面响应均匀性的测量结果。测量结果表明 ,不同类型探测器之间面响应不均匀性存在显著差异 ,其中 S1337构成的陷阱探测器的面响应均匀性最好。正确选择合适类型探测器 ,对保持和传递低温辐射计达到的很低的不确定度非常重要。     

红外探测器光谱响应率定标方法

采用新的方法对波长范围1-3μm的红外探测器绝对光谱响应率进行定标.红外探测器的光谱响应率定标是在两套定标系统上利用两种参考探测器实现的.首先在红外光谱比较系统上利用一个平响应的腔式热电堆探测器作为参考探测器,测量待测红外探测器相对于标准探测器的连续光谱响应率;然后在可见一近红外定标系统上,利用低温辐射计和激光器在几个单立波长上进行绝对光谱响应率测量.这样,通过计算就能得出待测红外探测器在每个波长上的绝对光谱响应率.采用上述方法对TS-76探测器进行光谱响应率定标,联合不确定度小于0.95%.     

400～1700 nm绝对光谱响应度校准和量值传递

介绍了高准确度光辐射功率校准原理和方法,利用低温辐射计作为主标准器,以陷阱探测器作为传递标准,激光器作为光源,通过激光功率稳定装置,校准了硅陷阱探测器和铟镓砷陷阱探测器的绝对光谱响应度。选取476.1, 488, 514.7, 521, 568, 632.8, 647.1, 785, 852, 980, 1064, 1550,nm共12条谱线完成了校准实验,绝对光谱响应度测量不确定度均优于0.05%。通过量子效率模型得出了硅陷阱探测器的绝对光谱响应曲线。利用InGaAs陷阱探测器分立波长点的绝对光谱响应度与相对光谱响应曲线进行了验证分析。结果表明,2种陷阱探测器均可用作传递标准进行高准确度的可见光和近红外光辐射功率校准和量值传递。     

关于新的光电探测器光谱响应度工作标准的研究

本文介绍了新的光电探测器光谱响应度工作标准 ,该项标准参加了 2 0 0 0年CCPR(国际计量委员会所属光度和辐射咨询委员会 )组织的国际比对。在新的工作标准中 ,用调制光代替原来的直流光 ,以减少杂散光、噪声等对测量准确度的影响 ;用锥腔型热释电探测器代替原来的热电堆探测器作为参考探测器 ,用锁相测量仪器代替原来的直流测量仪器并增加温度控制 ,以便提高测量系统的灵敏度和光谱响应度标准的平坦程度 ,进而提高准确度 ;以双单色仪代替原来的单色仪 ,大大减少杂散光 ;同时增加了光谱响应度的绝对定标     

基于低温辐射计的光探测器响应度基准

基于低温辐射计建立了一系列激光波长上光探测器响应度测量基准。进行了基准装置性能的研究,应用光辐射有效加热功率检验方法进行了不确定度评估。在氦氖、氩氪离子以及钛蓝宝石激光器的10个波长上测量了作为标准探测器的陷阱探测器的响应度。在氦氖、氩氪离子激光波长测量结果的不确定度达到0.8×10^-4,在钛蓝宝石激光器达到1.1×10^-4。对标准探测器的面响应均匀性、非线性、偏振响应、角度响应等特性对响应度测量结果的影响进行了研究。     

200～400nm波段光电探测器光谱响应度测量装置研究

本文叙述了200~400nm波段光电探测器光谱响应度的测量装置原理、测量系统及不确定度。采用紫外光谱强度大的氙灯作为光源,采用紫外分光效率高的单色仪进行分光,腔型热释电探测器与标准硅光电探测器进行相对光谱响应比较得到标准硅光电探测器相对光谱响应度。绝对值标定则是利用低温辐射计对无窗紫敏硅光电探测器进行测量后再传递到标准硅光电探测器,从而最终测量出标准硅光电探测器在紫外波段的绝对光谱响应度。     

太赫兹辐射空间特性测试系统中的衍射与反射效应北大核心CSCD

为了提高太赫兹(THz)辐射空间特性测量设备的测量精度,基于探测器扫描采样方法,利用软件仿真配合实验测量的方式,研究了太赫兹辐射空间特性测试系统中存在的影响因素。采用锥形反射结构和太赫兹辐射吸收涂层来减少系统内反射对测量结果的影响,对太赫兹辐射辐照度空间分布进行更准确测量,并在此基础上研究了太赫兹衍射图案随衍射孔径变化的规律,对太赫兹辐射收发设备的孔径进行合理优化,为高精度的太赫兹辐射空间特性测试的研究提供参考。分析了光束宽度的不确定度来源,结果显示:消除反射影响后的系统内反射对测试结果影响较小,引入不确定度分量仅为1.56%,合成扩展不确定度为7.6%。     

陷光探测器偏振响应特性的研究

偏振响应特性是反映光探测器质量的重要参数。陷光探测器(陷光二极管)是低温辐射计的传递探测器。中对陷光探测器的偏振响应特性进行了测量研究，并提出了对它的数值表述方法。探测器偏振响应特性的测量结果的不确定度达到0．005％。测量结果表明，不同的反射型陷光探测器的偏振响应特性相差很大，在光辐射测量中不容忽视。     

A CdTe detector with a Gd converter for thermal neutron detection

A CdTe detector with a Gd converter has been developed and investigated as a neutron detector for neutron imaging. The fabricated Gd/CdTe detector with the 25 μm thick Gd was designed on the basis of simulation results of thermal neutron detection efficiency and spatial resolution. The energy resolution of the Gd/CdTe detector is less than 4 keV, which is enough to discriminate neutron capture gamma rays from background gamma emission. The Gd/CdTe detector shows the detection of neutron capture gamma ray emission in the ¹⁵⁵Gd(n, γ)¹⁵⁶Gd, ¹⁵⁷Gd(n, γ)¹⁵⁸Gd and ¹¹³Cd(n, γ)¹¹⁴Cd reactions and characteristic X-ray emissions due to conversion-electrons generated inside the Gd film. The observed efficient thermal neutron detection with the Gd/CdTe detector shows its promise in neutron radiography application.     

Design considerations for thin film coated semiconductor thermal neutron detectors—I: basics regarding alpha particle emitting neutron reactive films

Semiconductor-based thermal neutron detectors provide a compact technology for neutron detection and imaging. Such devices can be produced by externally coating semiconductor-charged-particle detectors with neutron reactive films that convert free neutrons into charged-particle reaction products. Commonly used films for such devices utilize the ¹⁰B(n,)⁷Li reaction or the ⁶Li(n,)³H reaction, which are attractive due to the relatively high energies imparted to the reaction products. Unfortunately, thin film or “foil” type thermal neutron detectors suffer from self-absorption effects that ultimately limit neutron detection efficiency. Design considerations that maximize the efficiency and performance of such devices are discussed. Theoretical and experimental results from front coated, back coated, and “sandwich” designs are presented.     

氦离子化检测器气相色谱法分析氦中微量氖

论述了用氦离子化检测器气相色谱法分析氦中微量氖的方法及结果。     

A coated pixel device TimePix with micron spatial resolution for UCN detection

A position sensitive detector for ultra-cold neutrons (UCNs) has been developed. Here we present the first experimental results and compare them with Monte-Carlo simulations. The silicon pixel device “TimePix” with a spatial resolution below 1 μm for strongly ionizing particles has been coated with a conversion layer of ⁶LiF for the detection of UCN. A spatial resolution of 5.3 μm has been measured for UCN. An optimized setup with 10B as conversion layer can achieve a spatial resolution below 3 μm.     

Standardization of Radon Measurements: II. Accuracy and Proficiency Testing

The accuracy of in situ environmental radon measurement techniques is reviewed and new data for charcoal canister, alpha-track (track-etch) and electret detectors are presented. Deficiencies reported at the 1987 meeting in Wurenlingen. Federal Republic of Germany, for measurements using charcoal detectors are confirmed by the new results. Accuracy and precision of the alpha-track measurements laboratory were better than in 1987. Electret detectors appear to provide a convenient, accurate, and precise system for the measurement of radon concentration. The need for comprehensive, “blind” proficiency-testing programs is discussed.     

A High-Sensitivity Microwave-Single-Photon Detector with Rydberg Atoms at Low Temperature

A high-sensitivity microwave-single-photon detector was developed in Kyoto, in which microwave photons in a resonant cavity cooled at very low temperatures are absorbed by highly excited Rydberg atoms and the Rydberg atoms thereby promoted to a higher excited state are then selectively field-ionized and detected. This scheme allows us to count microwave photons one by one, thus provide a single-photon counting without the limit of standard quantum limit (SQL). The apparatus “CARRACK” for the single-photon detector was constructed based on this scheme, where the cavity was cooled down to 10 mK range to reduce the background of thermal blackbody photons from the cavity wall. The apparatus has served for years to search for dark matter axions in the 10 μeV (∼2.4 GHz) mass region. Thermal blackbody photons in a microwave resonant cavity at temperatures as low as 70 mK have been measured, the sensitivity being below the SQL limit. A number of improvements in the detection efficiency and sensitivity have been planned and will be reported. Applications of the detector to fundamental physics are also discussed shortly.      

陷阱式探测器的特性及其测量

指出影响陷阱式探测器测量不确定度的各种环境因素及其本身的特性,并介绍了测量这些特性的方法,对于高精度的光辐射功率测量研究有重要意义     

A hybrid radiation detector based on a plasma display panel

Recently, large-area image detectors have been investigated for X-ray imaging in medical diagnostic and other applications. In this paper, a new type of radiation detector is described, based on the integration of a photoconductor into a plasma display panel (PDP). This device, called a hybrid PDP detector, should be quite inexpensive, because it can directly leverage off the fabrication and materials technologies widely used in plasma display panels. Also, these new radiation detectors should operate under the most challenging environmental conditions, because they are inherently rugged and radiation-resistant and insensitive to magnetic fields. In this paper, we describe a hybrid digital radiation detector device, based on plasma display. The PDP panel is 7 in. in size with a 1000-μm pixel pitch, and filled with 700 Torr of Xe gas; the hybrid PDP panel is of the same structure, except for the photoconductor deposit. The glass absorption, dark current, X-ray sensitivity, and linearity as a function of electric field were measured to investigate its electrical properties. From the results, stabilized dark current density and significant X-ray sensitivity were obtained with both panels; however, the hybrid PDP detector showed better characteristics than the PDP detector. It also had good signal response and linearity. The hybrid digital radiation detector device based on a plasma display seems to be a promising technology for use in radiology and dynamic moving imaging.     

现代飞机货舱火警探测系统研究

现代运输机的货舱中几乎都装有火警探测系统 ,对火灾进行早期识别与报警。本文分析了现代飞机火警探测系统的光电烟雾探测和离子烟雾探测的基本工作原理、结构形式和触发逻辑 ,及探测系统存在的一些问题 ,并展望了飞机货舱火警探测系统的发展趋势     

Effects of infrared detector nonlinearity on thermal diffusivity measurements using the flash method

When using an infrared detector to measure temperature changes as in the case of the flash technique, the effects of detector nonlinearity can have drastic effects on the experimental data. In the flash technique, the detector nonlinearity tends to shift the calculated half-time to larger values, resulting in underpredicted values of thermal diffusivity especially in experiments performed at room temperature. In order to predict the error in the diffusivity calculation, the nonlinear relationship between the detector signal and the temperature change was developed into a Taylor series expansion used in the flash technique's mathematical model. The nonlinear detector model proves to yield accurate correction factors for the presently calculated values of diffusivity. In order to utilize the model, it is necessary to estimate the maximum temperature rise of the back surface and the degree of detector nonlinearity.