Effect of benzohydroxamato-ethylenediamine-titanium complex on modification of jute and cotton yarns by UV-radiation-induced urethane acrylate

Several formulations were developed consisting of an aliphatic-based urethane triacrylate oligomer (Ebcryl 264) combined with N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP), a carboamide monomer, and tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) at different proportions. A plasticizing agent, diallyl phthalate (DP), and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), an antibubbling solvent, were incorporated into the solutions. Thin polymer films prepared with these solutions under UV radiation were characterized. Jute and cotton yarns were treated with these solutions and cured with UV radiation. As a result, the rheological properties of jute and cotton were improved. The effect of ethylenediamine–titanium (EDA–titanium) complex and its ligands was studied. A very minute amount (0.1%) of the complex enhanced rheological properties of jute and cotton very significantly. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:1571–1580, 1997     

聚氨酯丙烯酸酯/环氧丙烯酸酯分散体系的制备

用水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯改性环氧丙烯酸酯,制备了聚氨酯丙烯酸酯/环氧丙烯酸酯分散体系。随着分散体中聚氨酯丙烯酸酯浓度的增加,体系稳定性增加,当其浓度达到30%时,可制得稳定的分散体系。这种分散体系可作为一种紫外光固化水性涂料,其涂膜的耐磨性、柔韧性都比环氧丙烯酸酯涂膜增强,而硬度变化不大。     

氨酯丙烯酸酯树脂与氯化聚乙烯的共混

将聚酯二元醇与二苯甲院二异氰酸酯反应[n(NCO):n(OH)=2:1] 的预聚物用甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯封端，得到氨酯丙烯酸酯树脂，将其与CPE共混，并对影响氨酯丙烯酸酯/氯化聚乙烯共混硫化胶的力学性能、热老化性能以及耐油性的一些因素进行了讨论。     

Study on properties of a novel photosensitive polysiloxane urethane acrylate for solder mask

The photosensitive and physical and mechanical properties of a novel polysiloxane urethane acrylate (PSUA) for solder mask were investigated using real‐time FTIR, DMTA and TGA. It is noted that PSUA showed a notable photosensitivity and a good compatibility with the acrylic monomers and resins. PSUA cured film exhibited excellent thermal property, tensile strength and toughness, and chemical resistance. The decomposition temperature of PSUA was 402 °C. Thermal weight losses of pure PSUA cured film at 300 °C were only 5%. Elongation percentage of PSUA cured film was up to 59%. PSUA resin can be used for solder mask materials for printed circuit. Technology performances of photosensitive imaging flexible solder mask containing PSUA answers operating requirements of the solder masker for printing circuit board. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

有机硅聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚物的合成

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、烷羟基硅油（SD9134）和丙烯酸β-羟乙酯（HEA）为原料,合成了一种UV固化有机硅聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚物（PSUA）。探讨了原料、催化剂用量、反应温度等因素对反应的影响。确定最佳反应条件为：以烷羟基硅油SD9134和IPDI为主要原料,DBTDL为催化剂,其加入量为0．05％～0．1％,反应前3步在20～40℃下反应,第4步反应温度不超过70℃,并通过IR和GPC表征了PSUA的结构。     

Synthesis of urethane acrylate based electromagnetic interference shielding materials

In this work, a new method, consists of synthesis of urethane acrylate (UA) followed by in situ polymerization of pyrrole using cerium (IV) as an oxidant and UV‐curing of the composites, for preparing polypyrrole–UA (PPy–UA) composite films was described. It appeared that dielectric constants of the composites increased with increasing the PPy content and decreased with increasing the frequency from 10^?2 to 10⁷, indicating an interfacial Maxwell–Wagner contribution to the permittivity. An incorporation of a small amount of PPy (15% Py) to UA matrix increased their dielectric constants more than 4 × 10⁴ (41,259) at 10^?2 Hz. So, the incorporation of PPy was very effective for enhancing the dielectric properties of UA matrix. Furthermore, the significant enhancement in dielectric properties (loss tangent and dielectric constant) contributes to the improvement in electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency. Composite films were characterized using Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR) spectrophotometer and ¹H‐NMR. It was seen that PPy is blended with the UA matrix at the molecular level through H‐bonding interactions. A linear relationship was also observed between the characteristic groups' absorbances of PPy (from FTIR‐ATR) and dielectric constant values (from dielectric spectrometer). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2013     

光敏有机硅聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚体性能的研究

考查了光引发剂、活性单体对光敏有机硅聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚体（PSUA）胶膜的耐水性、拉伸强度、伸长率、硬度、柔韧性和热稳定性的影响。结果表明，胶膜具有优良的耐水性，吸水性低于4％。含单官能度单体的PSUA胶膜的接触角大于含多官能度单体的，含有IBOA的体系接触角达103．6°；当选择引发效率高的裂解型光引发剂，用量为0.5％～1％时，胶膜具有较高的接触角。含多官能度单体胶膜的拉伸强度高于含单官能度单体的体系，但伸长率较小。含TMPTA体系的胶膜的硬度最大，为0．575。胶膜具有较好的柔韧性和热稳定性，其柔韧性达到1mm级，在300℃时失重为4.61％。     

Morphology and mechanical properties of urethane acrylate resin networks

A series of urethane acrylate resins (UARs) having various amounts of hard segment were synthesized from poly(oxypropylene) diols (PPOs) with different molecular weights and characterized. The relationship between the morphologies and mechanical properties of these UAR (UARX‐Y‐Z, in which X means the molecular weight of PPO, Y means the content of hard segment, and Z means the content of comonomer) networks was investigated in detail. It was found that the morphology of the UARX‐Y‐Z network was related to the contents of hard segment and the comonomer (methyl methyacrylate—MMA) as well as the molecular weight of PPOs. The UAR1000‐0‐34 network synthesized from PPO210(M_n = 1000) is a homogeneous system due to the good compatibility between the PPO210 and the MMA segment. TheUAR1000‐0‐60 network exhibits the morphology of partial microphase separation resulting from increasing the length of the MMA segment, so as to decrease the miscibility between the soft and hard segment. For the UAR1000‐30‐34 network having a higher content of the hard segment, the hard segments tend to form domains with the limited short‐range and long‐range order, leading to the formation of the microcrystallites, and therefore it shows higher tensile strength and elastic modulus. For UAR400‐0‐34 network with lower molecular weight PPO204 (M_n=400), a high glass transition temperature and some microcrystallites were observed. Such a network exhibits the best mechanical properties over all UAR networks studied. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1532–1537, 2000     

A comparative study of gamma and ultraviolet radiation on gelatin film with 2-ethylhexyl acrylate

Gelatin films were prepared from gelatin granules in an aqueous medium by casting. Tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (Eb%) of the films were found to be 29.2?MPa and 4.9%, respectively. Gelatin films were irradiated under gamma and UV radiation with different doses. Gamma treated gelatin films showed higher TS and Eb% over untreated ones, and even higher than that of the UV treated films. A series of gelatin solutions (formulations) was prepared by blending varying percentages (2–10% by wt) of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) and then the films were prepared. Some EHA-blended gelatin films were irradiated under gamma radiation at various doses (50–500?krad) and other films were cured under UV radiation at different intensities (10–30 UV passes). EHA-blended?+?gamma treated gelatin films showed the highest mechanical properties than that of the EHA-blended?+?UV treated films. The degradation properties present in the soil were determined for the pure and treated films. It was observed that EHA-blended?+?gamma treated gelatin film degrades more than that of the EHA-blended?+?UV treated films.     

Preparation and electrorheological characterization of suspensions of poly(urethane acrylate)/clay nanocomposite particles

Micron‐sized poly(urethane acrylate) (PUA)/clay nanocomposite particles were synthesized by suspension polymerization. UA containing a poly(ethylene oxide) group in the main chain was first inserted into the silicate layers of montmorillonite clay through mixing the UA with the clay. Then, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and an oil‐soluble initiator were added into this UA/clay mixture, followed by the emulsification of the monomer mixture in an aqueous solution of polymeric stabilizer. Suspension polymerization was carried out at 60°C for 12 h to obtain the PUA/clay composite particles. The incorporation of clay into the polymer phase was verified by FTIR spectroscopy, and the intercalation structure of the clay composite was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. Other characterizations including thermal analysis, morphological observation, and dielectric analysis were also performed. After suspensions of bare PUA and PUA/clay nanocomposite particles in silicone oil were prepared, their electrorheological properties were measured under various electric fields and compared. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 458–464, 2003     

Water‐soluble urethane acrylate ionomers: Effect of molecular structure on ultraviolet coating properties

Water‐soluble urethane acrylate ionomers containing dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) were synthesized, changing the molecular components, and their ultraviolet (UV) coating properties were studied. It was found that the UV coating properties of the urethane acrylate ionomer films were very dependent on the molecular weight of the soft segment, the type of the diisocyanate, and the amount of neutralization. In general observations, the cured films displayed much improved mechanical properties, compared with conventional urethane acrylate film not containing ionic groups. The main reason for the improved film properties seemed to be attributed to the presence of ionic groups in the network. In dynamic mechanical analysis, two distinct glass transition temperatures, corresponding to the ionic hard domains and soft domains, were detected at high content of ionic groups. This suggested that the urethane acrylate network be composed of two phases. Consequently, the ionic hard domains formed by the phase separation from crosslinked network could act as a reinforcing filler, which possibly explains the improved film properties of the urethane acrylate ionomer films. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 1853–1860, 2000     

Synthesis and application of water‐based urethane acrylate crosslinking agent containing unsaturated group

In this study, we synthesized 1,1,1‐trimethlyolpropane (TMP)‐based diol which has a pendant anionic group and a reactive double bond in the pendant cyclic ring. Then, a water‐based urethane acrylate crosslinking agent (CA) was prepared from isophrone diisocyanate (IPDI), 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate (2‐HEA), and a low molecular weight diol bearing pendant carboxylic acid. The CA content was varied in order to investigate the influence of the added content on the mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. The diol used in this study was TMP–cis‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (TPA) which was synthesized from the esterification reaction of TMP with TPA. This diol was liquid at room temperature. As the CA increased, the initial modulus and elongation at break decreased. Also, increase of the rubbery plateau modulus was observed by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). This result was believed to result from an increase in the crosslinking density in the mixtures. Shift of the T_gh to a higher temperature was also observed by DMA. This is due to the increased hard segments and the phase separation. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 1216–1223, 2000     

Coating performance and characteristics for UV-curable aliphatic urethane acrylate coatings containing norrish type I photoinitiators

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of several Norrish I (α-cleavage) type photoinitiators and UV dose on the curing behavior and coating performance of UV-curable aliphatic urethane acrylate coatings. UV-curable coatings were cured under a high-pressure mercury lamp. The curing behavior and coating performance of the UV-curable coatings that were cured using 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one or 1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenyl-ketone were superior to those of the UV-curable coatings cured using bis (2,4,6-trimethylben-zoyl)-phenylphosphine oxide or diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, when the UV-curable coating was cured in air. Current address: Electronic Chemical Materials R&D Center, CHEIL Industries Inc.     

氨基甲酸酯基丙烯酸酯的合成及其光固化性能

利用碳酸亚乙酯与1,6-己二胺、异佛尔酮二胺反应，制备出两种含氨基甲酸酯基的二元醇，基于氨基甲酸酯二元醇与1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯（HDDA）、新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯（NPGDA）及三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯（TMPTA）本体条件下的Oxa-Michael加成反应及酯交换反应，合成出6种含氨基甲酸酯基的丙烯酸酯混合物。利用FTIR及高分辨质谱分析了产物结构，用FTIR考察了所合成氨基甲酸酯基丙烯酸酯光固化过程的动力学,测定了光固化膜的性能。结果表明，在含占总质量分数3% 的2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-1-丙酮（1173）光引发剂的引发下，氨基甲酸酯基丙烯酸酯能在30s内固化形成表面平整、柔韧性（0.5~2.5mm）良好、透明或半透明的膜；固化膜的凝胶率及铅笔硬度分别为92%~96%、4~5H，对玻璃的附着力为0~1级。     

聚氨酯预聚体——可聚合乳化剂用于MMA乳液聚合动力学及聚合稳定性研究

将合成的聚氨酯预聚体可聚合乳化剂（APUA）用于甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）乳液聚合体系中，研究了不同引发剂体系和乳化剂对聚合体系的聚合稳定性和动力学影响，并与SDS乳化剂进行了对照。结果显示，用油溶性引发剂（AIBN）和水溶性引发剂（K2S2O8）都能引发该体系的聚合反应，而且聚合速率和转化率都相当高。用AIBN作引发剂时，APUA和SDS两种乳化所对应的动力学曲线不同，但APUA比SDS的聚合速率大得多，其分别类似于微乳液聚合（miniemulsion)和微悬浮聚合（microsuspention)，且聚合过程中会产生一定的凝胶。当乳化剂APUA用量适合时，凝胶量极少，聚合体系是稳定的；而当用K2S2O8作引发剂时，两乳化剂对应动力学曲线相似，聚合过程不产生凝胶。但当引发剂用量较大并以APUA作乳化剂时，在聚合过程中会出现全部粒子突然粗化现象，而以SDS作乳化剂没有出现这一现象。     

A comparative study of UV active silane-grafted and ion-exchanged organo-clay for application in photocurable urethane acrylate nano- and micro-composites

A number of urethane acrylate nano- and micro-composites have been developed using both ion exchange and silane grafting chemistry. The organically modified clays which were used contained either methacrylate or acrylate functionalities which were capable of reacting with the acrylate groups in the urethane acrylate matrix. [2-(Acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethyl-ammonium ion (AOETMA) or [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium ion (MAOTMA) were exchanged onto montmorillonite (MMT) as shown by an increase in the inter-gallery spacing of the MMT. Silane grafting was undertaken using [3-(acryloxy)propyl]dimethylmethoxysilane (APDMMS) or [3-(methacryloxy)propyl]dimethylmethoxysilane (MAPDMMS) and also showed an increase in inter-gallery spacing. The structures of the resulting urethane acrylate composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and showed predominantly intercalated structures with some exfoliation (more evident in the silane-grafted systems). Dynamical mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) showed a more significant increase in effective crosslink density (as measured from the plateau of the rubbery modulus) in the composites containing the reactive clays as compared to the unmodified clay, supporting the concept that the acrylate and methacrylate functionalities of the modified clays had reacted with the matrix. Other thermal and mechanical properties were also evaluated.     

Solution behavior of urethane acrylate anionomer synthesized with dimethylolpropionic acid: Viscosity prediction through rheological equation of state

Urethane acrylate anionomer was synthesized incorporating dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) on the molecular backbone as a water-soluble oligomer. The solution behavior of the urethane acrylate anionomer was examined by viscosities as a function of the shear rate, temperature, and anionomer fraction. The logarithmic viscosities of the urethane acrylate anionomer solution followed well the Arrhenius equation and showed a linear relationship with the fraction and reciprocal temperature. So, it was possible to predict the viscosity of the urethane acrylate anionomer solution as functions of the fraction and reciprocal temperature, based on the rheological equation of state. The viscosities obtained from the equation of state successfully coincided with the results of the experiments. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 1079–1088, 1998     

Amphiphilic urethane acrylate hydrogels: pH sensitivity and drug‐releasing behaviors

Amphiphilic urethane acrylate hydrogels containing ionic groups (dimethylolpropionic acid, DMPA) were prepared with varying the molecular weight of the hydrophobic segment (polyether type, PTMG), and their swelling and drug‐releasing behaviors were examined. Amphiphilic property for the hydrogels could be confirmed by observing the swelling in both water and organic solvent (benzene) readily. High pH sensitivity was observed due to the carboxylic groups incorporated into the molecular backbone of the urethane acrylate molecules. Owing to the amphiphilic property, it was possible to load hydrophilic (riboflavin selected) and hydrophobic (indomethacin selected) drugs in the network with ease. Each drug successfully released from the network of the urethane acrylate. The releasing behaviors were dependent upon the swelling ones and followed Fickian diffusion. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 1305–1311, 1999     

Improvement of properties of natural polymers with organo–metallic complexes under ultraviolet radiation

Thin polymer films were prepared under ultraviolet radiation with a triacrylated aliphatic urethane oligomer that was diluted with reactive monomers such as N‐vinyl pyrrolidone and tripropylene glycol diacrylate. These films were characterized. The effect of incorporation of a minute amount (>0.15%) of a titanium–pyridine complex and its ligands on the characterization of these polymers was investigated. Cotton and jute yarns were treated with the solutions containing these materials under the UV radiation. The change in tensile properties of the treated natural polymers (cotton and jute) was evaluated, and it was found that the titanium–pyridine‐based complex substantially enhanced the tensile strengths (tenacity) for both cotton and jute. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 1131–1138, 1999     

Curing of crust leather by ultraviolet radiation with urethane acrylate: Role of pigment

Eight different formulations were developed with four diacrylate reactive monomers such as tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA), 1,4‐butanediol diacrylate (BDDA), 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), and 2‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and aromatic urethane diacrylate (M1100) in order to modify the crust leather surface. To study the effect of pigment on the performance of ultraviolet (UV)‐cured leather surface, 1% pigment (congored) was incorporated in the formulations. Irgacure 369 (2%) was also used in the formulation as photoinitiator. The gel content, tensile strength, elongation at break, and pendulum hardness of UV‐cured thin films with and without pigment was studied. The films without pigment produced better properties. Among all the diluents, BDDA‐containing films showed the best performance. Different properties of UV‐coated leather surface such as pendulum hardness, tensile strength, elongation, gloss (at 20° and 60°), adhesion, and abrasion were studied. Effect of gloss on simulating weathering was also performed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 692–697, 2002