气溶胶OT反胶束对L-胱氨酸的萃取行为研究

实验考察了气溶胶OT (AOT即 2 乙基己基琥珀酸酯磺酸钠 )浓度、盐酸浓度、L 胱氨酸浓度、无机盐浓度及温度对AOT反胶束萃取L 胱氨酸的影响。结果表明 :AOT浓度增大萃取分配系数增大 ;水相中盐酸浓度增大、无机盐浓度增大、胱氨酸初始浓度增大均使萃取分配系数降低 ;萃取温度升高使萃取的分配系数减小 ,说明AOT反胶束萃取胱氨酸是一个放热过程 ,低温有利于胱氨酸的萃取     

反胶团萃取蛋白质技术

反胶团萃取是近年发展起来的分离和纯化生化物质的新方法。本文介绍反胶团萃取蛋白质技术的原理，概述其热力学和动力学研究进展，评述其工业应用前景。     

反向微胶团萃取氨基酸的研究

研究以二－（２－乙基己基）磷酸铵为表面活性剂所形成的反向微胶团对氨基酸的萃取,结果表明,表面活性剂浓度、水相溶液的ｐＨ值及离子强度对氨基酸萃取的分配比有重要影响。     

反胶团酶反应研究进展

介绍了酶在反胶团中的主要特性,对反胶团酶反应的应用,动力学和过程的最新进展进行了综述。     

反胶团酶反应过程开发研究进展

反胶团酶反应具有水相与有机相酶反应的共同优点 ,因而受到人们的重视。制约其实际应用的重要原因在于如何解决酶的重复利用问题。最初人们采用水溶液萃取法回收酶 ,但由于条件苛刻 ,酶活回收率较低。相变法利用温度的改变使体系分相以实现酶的回收 ,操作简便 ,但仍有较大的酶活损失。连续流两相离心反应器可以实现反胶团酶反应的连续操作且酶的损失很小 ,但该反应器传质速率较低因而转化率不高。膜反应器是反胶团酶反应中研究最多也最有应用前途的一种反应器形式。文中介绍了反胶团酶反应中酶重复利用的方法 ,对其过程开发的最新进展进行了综述。     

反胶束体系中青霉素酰化酶活性及稳定性研究

反胶束体系是一种新型的酶反应介质体系。构建合适的反应体系，使青霉素酰化在该体系中保持较高的酶活性，是实现反胶束体系中酶法合成头孢类抗生素的关键所在。本文分别考察了青霉素酰化酶在CTAB／正己醇和CTAB／异辛烷／正己醇两种反应胶束体系中不同水含量和pH值对酶活力的影响。结果表明：包埋于CTAB／异辛烷／正己醇反胶束体系中的青霉素酰化酶在W0为14，pH为7．2时表现出较高的酶活性。试验中还考察了不同温度对包埋于CTAB／异辛烷／正己醇反胶束体系中的青霉素酰化酶活力的影响，并与游离酶液进行了比较，该酶在所采用的反胶束体系中的最适水解反应温度为39℃，较游离酶液的最适水解温度升高了2℃。同时酶的热稳定性亦较游离酶液有所提高，表现在CTAB／异辛烷／正己醇反胶束体系中，经50℃保温240min，酶活保留率为76．0％，而在同样条件下游离酶液仅为36．5％。     

Forward and Backward Extraction of Methylene Blue by using AOT/Isooctane Reversed Micellar Solution

Organic dyes, which are contained in industrial effluents, should be removed to avoid health hazards and destruction of the ecosystem. In this study, the extraction of methylene blue from aqueous solution into AOT/isooctane reversed micellar solution was investigated. It was found that methylene blue was solubilized into the waterpool within reversed micelles by electrostatic interaction with AOT. The extraction ratio of methylene blue increased with an increase in AOT concentration and a decrease in salt concentration. The methylene blue extracted reversed micelles could be recovered into fresh salt solution with high concentration. It is considered that the main driving force of forward and backward extraction of methylene blue is electrostatic interaction between cationic dye, methylene blue, and anionic surfactant, AOT. The deterioration of the forward and backward extraction behavior by using AOT/isooctane reversed micellar solution reused was not observed.     

反胶束萃取蛋白质技术的新进展

本文综述了近年来反胶束萃取蛋白质这一技术在基础理论研究、应用和过程开发三方面所取得的新进展，指出了某些不足之处，并对今后的研究工作提出了建议。     

Extraction of L-synephrine by Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid/n-octanol Reversed Micelles

In this study, reversed micelles of Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid/n-octanol was prepared to investigate the purification of L-synephrine in Citrus aurantium fruit crude extract. The reverse micellar system formed was confirmed with atomic force microscopy and the effect of important factors on extraction efficiency, such as the pH of the aqueous phase, molar ratio of water to surfactant, surfactant concentration, cationic ion concentration, and extraction time, was studied. Under the optimal operational conditions, the purity of L-synephrine was improved to be >85% and the total yield >98%. Mathematic analysis and experimental results exhibited that the extraction process in this system was effectuated mainly via electrostatic interactions between L-synephrine and the surfactant.     

Purification and properties of a lipase from Penicillium chrysogenum isolated from industrial wastes

A fungal lipase was isolated from the wastes of industrial cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum employed in antibiotics production. Lipase activity was only detected in solid aggregates present in the protein concentrates. To extract the lipase, Triton X‐100 was the most suitable surfactant. The lipase was further purified by hydrophobic interaction and anion exchange chromatography. A molecular mass of approx 40 kDa and a pI of approx 3.8 were estimated. Optimum pH and temperature were 7.9–8.1 and 45 °C respectively. Although its activity in the hydrolysis of lipids and esters is not very high, the lipase from P chrysogenum proved to be notably efficient in several synthetic reactions in non‐aqueous media. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

反胶团萃取鱼精蛋白的初步研究

鱼精蛋白是一种重要的药用蛋白质,初步研究了反胶团法提取纯化鱼精蛋白的过程。结果表明,采用2-乙基己基琥珀酸酯磺酸钠（AOT）/异辛烷体系萃取鲑鱼鱼精蛋白,萃取率接近100%,异丙醇显著强化反萃过程。采用反胶团法萃取纯化鱼精蛋白从技术角度来说是可行的。     

Enzyme Separation Using Supported Liquid Membrane Filled with Reversed Micelles

Abstract

A phenomenological model describing the transfer of lysozyme between a bulk aqueous phase and a reversed micellar phase in a stirred membrane cell has been confirmed. Transport of the enzyme at the interface at low surfactant concentrations is dominant, while that through the membrane is the rate-determining step at high surfactant concentrations. Complete separation of α-chymotrypsin from lysozyme using a supported liquid membrane filled with reversed micelles demonstrates the feasibility of the present process for enzyme separation.     

壳聚糖酶的分离提纯及其酶学性质研究

从土壤中筛选获得的高产壳聚糖酶菌株Penicillium sp.ZD-Z1,经发酵、分离提取出两种壳聚糖酶A和酶B,并对它们分别进行酶学性质测试.分别测定酶A和酶B的等电点、相对分子质量、最适反应温度和pH、不同脱乙酰度的壳聚糖对酶活的影响.并考察了两种壳聚糖酶的酶解方式,结果表明,酶A为内切酶,酶B为外切酶.     

Extraction of Human IgG4 Monoclonal Antibodies Using AOT- and HDEHP-Isooctane Reverse Micelles

The extraction of 0.05 and 1 mg mL^?1 human IgG4 using reverse micelles (RMs) formed with anionic surfactants AOT or HDEHP in isooctane was evaluated. For both surfactants the use of 1 mg mL^?1 IgG4 resulted in higher forward extraction (FE), and generally better backward extraction (BE) yields than 0.05 mg mL^?1 IgG4, achieving optimum FE and BE yields at FE pHs of 5 at 3.13 mM AOT and 6 at 1.56 mM HDEHP. IgG4 precipitation at the interface was observed at the lower pHs during FE which appeared to cause low overall extraction yields. Water content analysis revealed AOT-RMs were much bigger than HDEHP-RMs.     

亲和反胶团选择性萃取分离酵母乙醇脱氢酶

The reversed micelles were formed with cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant and n-hexanol as cosolvent in the CTAB (50mmol L-1)/hexanol (15% by volume)/hexane system. Cibacron Blue 3GA (CB) as an affinity ligand in the aqueous phase was directly introduced to the reversed micelles with electrostatic interaction between anionic CB and cationic surfactant. High molecular weight (Mr) protein, yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH, Mr = 141000) from baker's yeast, has been purified using the affinity reversed micelles by the phase transfer method. Various parameters, such as CB concentration, pH and ionic strength, on YADH forward and backward transfer were studied. YADH can be transferred into and out from the reversed micelles under mild conditions (only by regulation of solution pH and salt concentration) with the successful recovery of most YADH activity. Both forward and backward extractions occurred when the aqueous phase pH>pI with electrostatic attraction between YADH and CTAB. Th     

反胶束萃取精氨酸脱亚胺酶

报道了用反胶束体系萃取精氨酸脱亚胺酶(ADI)的研究结果,为精氨酸脱亚胺酶的分离纯化提供了一种方法。在反胶束体系中采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作为表面活性剂,正辛烷和丁醇作为溶剂及助溶剂。考察了水相pH、振荡时间、离子强度、表面活性剂浓度及精氨酸脱亚胺酶质量浓度等因素对精氨酸脱亚胺酶分离纯化效果的影响。实验结果表明,当c(CTAB)=0.01 mol/L,pH=7,振荡时间15 min,体系中用于反萃取的c(NaCl)=0.75 mol/L,且起始粗酶质量浓度控制在30 g/L时,通过辛烷/丁醇/CTAB反胶束体系的萃取和反萃取,ADI酶液萃取率E达到85%,比活达到1.107 U/mg,是起始酶液的4.52倍。     

反胶团酶反应-膜分离技术研究进展

将反胶团酶反应与膜分离相结合被认为是使反胶团酶反应技术工业化的最有前途的方法。文中介绍反胶团酶反应－膜分离技术的研究现状,探讨了今后进一步研究开发的方向。     

Study on the Extraction and Back Extraction of Bovine Serum Albumin using Reversed Micelles

Abstract

The extraction and back extraction of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) using a new reversed micelle system of CTAB/isooctane/1‐pentanol have been investigated. Under the optimal operating conditions in this study, the extraction ratio of BSA reaches as high as 98%. The back extraction ratio can reach 80% as pH in stripping phase approaches to the isoelectric point (pI) of BSA. UV‐spectra indicated that there was no significant change in the structure of BSA enriched in stripping phase. Furthermore, the reversed micelle system was repeatedly used to extract BSA from a mixed solution of protein.     

CTAB混合反胶团萃取工业脂肪酶

研究了CTAB与Tween、含氧有机物形成的混合反胶团对工业脂肪酶进行萃取分离的效果. 实验表明,CTAB-Tween85和CTAB-含氧有机物混合反胶团的萃取率高于单一CTAB反胶团;反萃时CTAB-含氧有机物混合反胶团的反萃率与单一CTAB反胶团的反萃率相似,CTAB-Tween60和Tween40混合反胶团的反萃效果优于单一CTAB反胶团. 通过测定反萃水相的酶活,发现CTAB-TRPO混合反胶团的效果最好,酶活回收率最高,可以达到70%.