UASB-生物转化器-生物接触氧化工艺处理阿维菌素废水

采用UASB-生物转化器-生物接触氧化工艺处理阿维菌素废水,研究结果表明,通过控制进水中阿维菌素浓度和对厌氧污泥的长时间培养驯化,阿维菌素对厌氧消化的基质抑制影响基本消除;当进水pH 4～5、COD8 900～12 100 mg/L和BOD 4 500～5 000 mg/L时,UASB反应器COD容积负荷达到10 kg/(m3·d),COD去除率达到85%,系统COD和BOD去除率可分别达到97.4%和98.6%,出水COD＜300 mg/L,BOD＜30 mg/L.     

污泥龄对好氧MBR处理黄姜皂素厌氧出水影响

采用一体式好氧MBR处理黄姜皂素厌氧出水,在HRT=43 h的条件下,研究污泥龄(SRT)对MBR膜出水COD、NH_4~+-N去除效果和污泥混合液特性的影响,并对MBR动力学参数进行求解。结果表明,优化运行SRT为30~40 d,此时COD、NH_4~+-N处理效果良好,平均去除率分别达到95%、93%以上;ρ(MLVSS)/ρ(MLSS)大部分在0.350左右,明显低于传统活性污泥法;SRT对污泥负荷有一定的影响,SRT在30~40 d时,COD污泥负荷为0.090~0.140g/(g·d)。相关的动力学参数:V_(max)为0.285~1.061 d~(-1),K_s为20.90~178.8 mg/L,V_(max)/K_s为3.22~21.0 L/(g·d)。可为MBR优化SRT的选用以及处理该废水的工艺设计和运行操作提供参考。     

UASB-絮凝-SBR处理高含量头孢类抗生素废水

采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)-絮凝-序批式活性污泥法反应器(SBR)组合工艺处理高含量头孢类抗生素废水,考察了3个废水处理阶段中的COD去除效果。结果表明,当进水COD为14.3 g/L、容积负荷在14.3 kg/(m.3d)时,UASB反应器的COD去除率稳定在85%左右,出水VFA的浓度在3 mmol/L左右,产气体积流量为17 L/d左右;对UASB出水进行絮凝处理以去除废水中难降解大分子物质,按每1L厌氧出水投加25 mL的PFC和5 mL的PAM后,废水COD由2.279g/L降至1.133g/L,去除率为50.3%;使用SBR处理絮凝后上清液,当反应器负荷为1.2kg/(m.3d)时,出水COD在200 mg/L以下,去除率稳定在80%左右,达到GB 21903-2008中的抗生素类废水排放要求。     

UASB处理纤维素乙醇废水的启动运行研究

以厌氧UASB反应器处理纤维乙醇废水为研究对象,探讨分析了UASB的启动和稳定运行过程。结果表明,采用城市污水处理厂的厌氧消化污泥作为接种污泥,在COD有效容积负荷为0.33~1.11 kgCOD/(m3·d)的条件下,UASB反应器成功启动,COD的去除率达到70%以上。启动初期,出水pH会明显高于进水,污泥呈先减少后增加的趋势,当增加进水SO42-浓度到7 250 mg/L,COD/SO42-比值2.7∶1时,会导致纤维素乙醇废水UASB处理系统的崩溃。UASB反应器运行稳定后,污泥浓度增至30~40 g/L,MLVSS/MLSS比值也达到90%左右,在HRT为14~41 h,回流比3∶1~13∶1,有效容积负荷3.45~14.67 kg COD/(m3·d)的条件下,对纤维乙醇生产废水均能保持90%以上的COD去除率,出水COD小于1 000 mg/L。     

UASB-SBR工艺处理硫酸新霉素废水试验研究

考察了UASB-SBR组合工艺处理硫酸新霉素废水的潜能和运行特性。结果表明:硫酸新霉素质量浓度大于1 200 mg/L时对厌氧产生中度抑制。UASB工艺容积负荷5.2 kgCOD/(m3·d),COD去除率约73.5%。SBR工艺COD和NH3-N去除率分别约65%和95%,最终系统出水COD 415～448 mg/L,NH3-N 12～16 mg/L,满足《发酵类制药工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 21903—2008)间接排放标准要求。     

丙烯酸废水厌氧生物毒性实验

开展丙烯酸废水稀释不同COD时的厌氧生化实验,通过表征实验废水单位质量COD甲烷产率得出当丙烯酸废水稀释至COD≤2 880 mg/L,废水对厌氧污泥无毒性抑制;当丙烯酸废水稀释至COD为2 880～5 760 mg/L,废水对厌氧污泥有毒性抑制作用,废水COD越高,毒性抑制越大;当丙烯酸废水稀释至COD5 760 mg/L,废水对厌氧污泥全部毒性抑制。     

好氧-SNAD-MBBR工艺处理煤气化废水

研究了同步亚硝化、厌氧氨氧化和反硝化(SNAD)-生物移动床(MBBR)工艺对煤气化废水脱氮的处理效果。结果表明,通过控制低DO含量和低污泥停留时间(SRT)的方法防止了好氧反应器中硝化菌的积累,为后续SNAD反应器提供了合适的进水。煤气化废水经好氧反应器去除COD后进入SNAD MBBR进行脱氮,控制SNAD反应器温度为30～33℃,DO的质量浓度为0.5～0.8 mg/L,p H为7.5～7.7,HRT为24 h。TN去除率达到90.7%,出水TN、NH_4~+-N的质量浓度分别低于20、5 mg/L,COD去除率达到89.6%,出水COD低于60 mg/L。运行25 d后,SNAD反应器中厌氧氨氧化菌的种类由接种时的Candidatus Brocadia变为Candidatus Kuenenia。     

UASB处理高盐制药废水的试验研究

利用3 L的UASB反应器在中温条件下处理高盐有机废水。当进水的COD浓度为2 000~5 000 mg/L,容积负荷为2~5 kg COD/(m3.d)时,逐步提高NaCl浓度。当Cl-浓度从1 000 mg/L增加到5 000 mg/L时,COD去除率从大于90%降到85%左右,但稳定在83%以上。这证明厌氧微生物在Cl-浓度5 000 mg/L时,通过适当驯化,仍能稳定地在高去除率下运行,为高盐工业废水的厌氧处理技术提供了设计依据。     

相容性溶质对UASB反应器处理高盐废水效果影响研究

研究复配相容性溶质对UASB反应器厌氧颗粒污泥处理20 g/L高盐废水效果的影响。结果表明,各因素的主次顺序为有机负荷>进水pH>温度>配合比,处理进水COD浓度为2 016 mg/L的20 g/L盐度废水时,最佳反应条件为有机负荷为4 800 mg/(L·d),甜菜碱、海藻糖、谷氨酸、脯氨酸和氯化钾配合比为120∶20∶25∶25∶1,温度为35℃,进水pH为8.6。COD去除率达93.4%,产气量为1.63 L/d。     

涤纶织物碱减量工艺废水处理研究

针对某纺织工业涤纶织物碱减量工艺废水问题,采用酸化-沉淀及生物处理系统对废水进行处理。在酸化-沉降实验中,在废水中苯二甲酸(TA)质量浓度从19.8 g/L减少到2.75 g/L,去除率达到86%,很大程度上减少了生物处理系统的负载,但是通过酸化-沉淀后废水中的TA使生物降解性能明显减弱,BOD5/COD量从0.37~0.40减少到0.27~0.31。在生物处理实验中,设定进水COD为2 109 mg/L、TA质量浓度为524 mg/L,出水COD为63.17 mg/L、TA质量浓度为5.14 mg/L,去除率分别超过97%、99%。通过实验表明,在需氧型混合膜生物反应器(HMBR)中,生物降解TA物质达到97%;在厌氧型水解酸化生物反应器(HABR)中,生物降解TA仅达到2.3%。同时,在HABR和HMBR反应器中,COD除去率分别约为29.8%和67%。     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

己内酰胺水解聚合过程模拟──双官能团酸调节剂与尼龙6组成分布

提出了有双官能团酸相对分子质量调节剂存在时己内酰胺水解聚合过程动力学模型 ,并进行了实验验证 .对不同温度下聚合产物组成和各影响因素对数均聚合度的影响进行了模拟 .结果表明 ,数均聚合度随进料中水、氨基己酸及相对分子质量调节剂浓度的增加而减小 ,其中水的浓度影响较显著 ,且在考察浓度范围内相对分子质量调节剂浓度 [R]0 ≤ 0 0 0 68mol·kg- 1 时数均聚合度基本不变 ,而 [R]0 >0 0 0 68mol·kg- 1 时数均聚合度则显著减小 .无氨基己酸及相对分子质量调节剂时数均聚合度亦随水浓度增加而减小 .     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.