ZnCl_2改性活性炭纤维电极对Rb~+、Cs~+的电吸附行为研究

电吸附技术具有无二次污染、节省能源及再生简单等特点,在许多分离提取领域有着广泛的应用,目前未见其在盐湖卤水稀散元素分离中的相关研究。主要研究了ZnCl_2改性活性炭纤维电极对Rb~+、Cs~+的电吸附行为,考察了溶液浓度、电极电压、极距等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,ZnCl_2改性活性炭纤维电极对Rb~+、Cs~+具有较好的吸附效果;吸附速率随溶液初始浓度和电极电压的增大、电极间距的减小而增大;除盐率随着溶液初始浓度和电极间距的减小及电极电压的增大而增大;对Rb~+和Cs~+无选择性吸附效果。     

板式活性炭纤维电极电吸附除盐实验研究

自行制作板式活性炭纤维电极电吸附除盐装置,通过单因素实验分析方法,研究了电极板间距、电压、进水流速和进水浓度对未改性的活性炭纤维电极电吸附除盐的影响效果。结果表明,最佳电压2.0 V,电极板间距1 mm,进水流量10 mL/min,进水电导率1 000μS/cm条件下,电导率去除率最高,在40%以上,显示了活性炭纤维电极在电吸附除盐方面较好的应用前景。     

改性活性炭纤维电极电吸附除盐实验研究

自制1种卷式活性炭纤维电极电吸附实验装置,研究了硝酸浸渍、氢氧化钠浸渍、微波加热这3种改性方法对活性炭纤维电极电吸附除盐效果的影响。结果表明,3种改性方法均可提高除盐效果。当NaCl溶液初始质量浓度为500 mg/L、电导率为1 m S/cm、体积流量为1 0 mL/min,电极间距1 mm、电压2 V时,3种改性方法的最大下降率分别由未改性的41.56%提升至68.57%、64.61%、65.23%。这表明了对活性炭纤维进行改性在水处理方面有着良好的应用前景。     

TiO_2/沸石与活性炭三维粒子电极体系光电催化研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备沸石负载TiO2(TiO2/沸石)。将TiO2/沸石与活性炭按照不同比例混合为粒子电极,采用钛网作为主电极,硫酸钠溶液为助电解质,紫外灯为光源建立了三维电极光电催化体系,处理亚甲基蓝模拟废水。实验表明:当电极间距为4.0 cm、TiO2/沸石∶活性炭=2∶3、亚甲基蓝的初始浓度为3 mg/L,灯距为10 cm、电压为2.0 V、电解质浓度为0.04 mol/L、初始p H=6.0,光催化降解效率可达49.5%。三维电极光电催化效果优于二维电极光电催化与光催化效果。Fe3+离子掺杂提高了体系的光电催化效率,最大光电催化效率可达53.3%。     

电增强活性炭纤维吸附去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)研究

采用电吸附法对含Cr(Ⅵ)模拟废水进行处理,考察了电极电位、极板间距、极板面积、模拟废水初始Cr(Ⅵ)含量、废水pH等因素对吸附性能的影响,对电吸附过程进行了热力学和动力学拟合,并对电极进行了再生实验。结果表明,在电极电位为1.6 V、极板间距为0.6 cm、极板面积为100 cm2、模拟废水初始Cr(Ⅵ)的质量浓度为20 mg/L、废水pH为2的优化条件下,Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附去除率达到100%;其他因素不变,仅将p H调至2.5,Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附去除率为88.0%,较开路条件下提高了10.7个百分点;电吸附过程更符合Langmuir等温线模型和准2级动力学方程;对活性炭纤维电极进行4次循环电吸附、脱附实验后,其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附去除率仍保持在84%以上。     

负载Al_2O_3的活性炭纤维电吸附除盐研究

采用浸渍煅烧法对活性炭纤维进行Al_2O_3负载改性,对改性前后活性炭纤维的微观结构、电化学性能和除盐性能进行分析比较,并探讨了影响其电吸附除盐效果的影响因素,结果表明:改性后活性炭纤维电吸附除盐性能得到极大增强,除盐能力为改性前的2.68倍。且电极具备很好的再生性;其表面出现了絮状和颗粒状的Al_2O_3,比表面积减小,中孔增加,孔径分布更加合理,比电容提高了2.1倍。当电压为2.0 V,极板间距为1 cm,NaCl质量浓度为500 mg/L时,除盐效率可达到64.6%。     

高比表面积活性炭(HSAAC)对水中Ni2+吸附性能的研究

以石油焦基为原料,采用KOH活化法制取高比表面积活性炭。考察了高比表面积活性炭吸附水中Ni(Ⅱ)时,PH值、Ni(Ⅱ)浓度、吸附时间和活性炭用量等因素对Ni(Ⅱ)吸附量和水中Ni(Ⅱ)残余浓度的影响。实验结果表明高比表面积活性炭在适宜条件下对Ni(Ⅱ)具有较大的吸附量和良好的再生效果。为HSAAC在废水中的实际应用提供了理论依据。     

活性炭纤维电吸附去除四环素的研究

为了提高活性炭纤维(ACF)对有机污染物的吸附去除率,将活性炭纤维固定在形稳性阳极电极(DSA)上,借助电场提高其吸附率.以四环素为目标污染物,考察了外加电压、四环素初始浓度、活性炭纤维量、时间以及初始pH条件对电吸附效果的影响.结果表明,在60min的反应时间内,当外加电压为1000mV时活性炭纤维对四环素的去除率最...     

三维电极反应器降解含酚废水研究

用经吸附处理的活性炭粒子构成的三维电极反应器对模拟苯酚废水进行降解处理,探究不同因素对苯酚降解率的影响。试验结果表明,当槽电压U=10 V,主电极间距d=6 cm,初始pH=6.5,支持电解质浓度CNa2SO4=3 g/L,电解初始浓度C苯酚为300 mg/L的模拟苯酚废水,30 min后降解率为84.21%。若应用在873 K下焙烧负载SnO2的优化活性炭粒子电极,催化降解效率可进一步提高10%。     

钛基镍-铁合金电极的制备及其析氢性能

采用恒电位电沉积法,在钛板上制备Ni-Fe合金电极。通过测量Ni-Fe合金电极在1 mol/L NaOH溶液中的阴极极化曲线,讨论了电沉积液中FeSO_4·7H_2O质量浓度、电沉积电位和时间对Ni-Fe合金电极析氢性能的影响,得到电沉积的最优工艺条件为:NiSO_4·6H_2O 100 g/L,FeSO_4·7H_2O 15 g/L,H_3BO_3 20 g/L,抗坏血酸5 g/L,十二烷基硫酸钠1 g/L,pH=3.5,温度25℃,电位-1.3 V(相对于饱和甘汞电极),时间30 s。当电流密度为0.05 A/cm~2时,Ni-Fe合金电极在1 mol/L NaOH溶液中的析氢过电位比Ni电极低23%。Ni-Fe合金电极表面比Ni电极表面粗糙,其表面的Ni、Fe含量比约为2:3。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。