Influence of B2O3 on Spectroscopic Properties of Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ Co-Doped Tungsten-Tellurite Glasses

A series of novel Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ co-doped （85- x ） TeO2-15WO3-xB2O3 （TWB;x=2%,5%,8%（mole fraction） ） glasses were prepared. Influence of B203 on the spectroscopic properties of Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ co-doped tungsten-tellurite glasses were investigated. It is found that the intensity of 1.5μm fluorescence, lifetime of the ^4I13/2 level and upconversion fluorescence all decrease with the increase of B2O3 content. The product of full width at half maximum （FWHM） and stimulated emission cross-section （σe^peak） of Er^3＋ ：^4I13/2→^4I15/2 transition has an optimum when B203 is 5% （mole fraction）. The emission spectra of Er^3＋ ： ^4I13/2→^4I15/2 transition was analyzed using peak-fit routine, and an equivalent four-level system was proposed to estimate the stark splitting for the 411512 and ^4I13/2 levels of Er^3＋ ions in TWB glasses at room temperature.     

Investigation on Preparation and Fluorescence Properties of Oxy-Fluoride Glass Co-Doped with Er^3＋ and Yb^3＋

The glass sample based on the composition of 45PbF2-45GeO2-10WO3 co-doped with Yb^3 /Er^3 was prepared by the fusion method in two steps : melted at 950℃ for 20～25min then annealed at 380℃ for 4 h. Through the V-prism it is found that the refractive index of host glass and the sample are 1.517 and 1.65 respectively. The transmittance was observed by using the ultraviolet-visible-infrared spectrometer in the wavelength range from 0.35 to 2.5μm. The transmittance of the host glass is beyond 73%. That of the sample is beyond 50% and there are characteristic absorption peaks of rare-earth ions. The emission spectrum was measured by using the Hitachi F-4500 fluorescent spectrometer pumped by 980nm semiconductor laser. There are a strong emission peak at 530 nm and a weak peak at 650 nm.     

Optical Spectroscopy of Er^3＋ and Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ Co-doped Bi2O3-GeO2-B2O3-ZnO Glasses

The （60 - x）Bi2O3 - xGeO2-30B2O3-10ZnO （x = 5, 10, 20, 30 molar percent） glasses doped with Er^3＋ and Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ were fabricated using the melting method. The thermal stability of the glasses was studied with their DTA curves. The results show that the difference between the glass transition temperature and the crystallization onset temperature increases with the increase of GeO2 content, indicating that the thermal stability of the glass has become better. The absorption spectra were recorded and the stimulated emission cross sections were calculated using the McCumber theory. The Ω2, O4, and Ω6 parameters,the transition probability, the radiative lifetime, and the fluorescence branch ratio of Er^3＋ for optical transition were calculated from their absorption spectra in terms of reduced matrix U^（t）（λ = 2, 4, 6） character for optical transitions. The infrared emission of Er^3＋ was measured upon excitation with 970 nm light and the full width at half-maximum （FWHM） was estimated from the emission spectra. The pumping efficiency and the intensity of the emission at the 1.54 μm band of Er^3＋ were enhanced considerably by co-doping Yb^3＋ .     

Upconversion luminescence of Y2O3：Er^3＋ ,Yb^3＋ nanoparticles prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method

Y2O3： Er^3＋, Yb^3＋ nanoparticles were synthesized by a homogeneous precipitation method without and with different concentrations of EDTA 2Na. Upconversion luminescence spectra of the samples were studied under 980 nm laser excitation. The results of XRD showed that the obtained Y2O3：Er^3＋,Yb^3＋ nanoparticles were of a cubic structure. The average crystallite sizes calculated were in the range of 28-40 nm. Green and red upconversion emission were observed, and attributed to ^2H11/2,^4S3/2→^4I15/2 and ^4F9/2→^4I15/2 transitions of the ion, respectively. The ratio of the intensity of green emission to that of red emission drastically changed with a change in the EDTA 2Na concentration. In the sample synthesized without EDTA, the relative intensity of the green emission was weaker than that of the red emission. The relative intensities of green emission increased with the increased amount of EDTA 2Na used. The possible upconversion luminescence mechanisms were discussed.     

Spectroscopic Properties and Effect of Radiation Trapping of a New Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ Co-Doped Tellurite-Silicate Glasses

A new serials of Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ co-doped tellurite-silicate glasses were prepared by the technique of high-temperature mehing. The thermal stability, absorption spectra, emission spectra and upconversion spectra were measured and investigated. It is found that these kinds of glasses have good thermal stability, broad FWHM and large stimulated emission cross-section. The three upconversion emission at 525, 546, 658 nm, corresponding to the ^2H11/2→^4Ⅰ15/2, ^4S3/2→4^Ⅰ15/2 and ^F9/2→^4Ⅰ15/2 transitions of Dr^3＋ ions,     

2 μm mid-infrared optical spectra of Tm3+-doped germanium gallate glasses

Glasses with the composition of 65GeO212Ga2O3-10BaO-8Li2O-5La2O3(molar ratio) doped with 1.526 wt.%, 3.006 wt.%, 5.836 wt.%, 11.028 wt.%, and 15.678 wt.% Tm2O3, respectively, were fabricated by conventional melting method. According to the absorption spectra and the Judd-Ofelt theory, the J-O strength parameters (Ω2,Ω4, Ω6) were calculated, with which the radiative transition probabilities,branching ratios and radiative lifetimes were obtained. The infrared emission spectra (with 808 nm LD excitation) at～1.47 and～1.8 μm of various concentrations of Tm3+-doped glasses were studied. The emission intensity at～1.8 μm reached to the maximum when the Tm2O3-doping concentration was near to be～3.006 wt.% (1.0 mol.%), and then decreased as doping concentration increased further. The mechanism of the fluorescence intensity change was explained with the cross-relaxation effect and the concentration quenching effect of Tm3+. Meanwhile, according to McCumber theory, the absorption and emission cross-sections corresponding to the 3F4→3H6 transitions of Tm3+ at 1.8 μm was obtained. For Tm3+-doped germanate glasses, the maximum emission cross-section reached a value higher than that re-ported for fluorozircoaluminate glasses. It is expected to be a favorable candidate host for～2.0 μm mid-inflated laser because the glass shows favorable optical spectra.     

Spectroscopic Properties of Er^3＋-Doped TeO2-WO3-ZnO-ZnF2 Glasses

The Er^3 -doped TeO2-WO3-ZnO-ZnF2(TWZOF) glasses were prepared. The absorption spectra, 1.5μm emission spectra and fluorescence lifetimes of Er^3 , excited at 970nm, were measured. The J-O parameters Ωt(t=2, 4, 6), absorption and emission cross-sections were calculated. The dependence of the 1.5μm emission intensity, fluorescence lifetime and bandwidth of the Er^3 emission upon the contents of ZnF2 in glass were investigated. In TWZOF glass, Er^3 ions had a broad emission profile around 1.5μm with the maximum FWHM of 83nm. With the increasing of the content of ZnF2, the emission intensity at peak wavelength and the fluorescence lifetime of Er^3 at 1.5μm increase.     

Preparation and Upconversion Luminescence of Y3Al5O12 ： Yb^3＋ , Er^3＋ Trapsparent Ceramics

YAG： 1% （atom fraction） Yb^3＋ , 0.5% （atom fraction） Er3＋ transparent ceramics were fabricated by the solid state reaction method using high-purity Y2O3, Al2O3, Yb2O3, and Er2O3 powders as starting materials. The mixed powder compact was sintered at 1760 ℃ for 6 h in vacuum and annealed at 1500 ℃ for 10 h in an air atmosphere. The ceramics consisted of about 10μm grains and exhibited a pore-free structure. The optical transmittance of the ceramics at 1064 nm was nearly 80%. Upconversion emissions were investigated on the ceramics pumped by a 980 nm continuous wave diode laser, and strong green emission centered at 523 and 559 nm and red emission centered at 669 nm were observed, which originated from the radiative transitions of ^2H11/2→^4I15/2, ^4S3/2→^4I15/2, and ^4F9/2→^4I15/2 of Er^3＋ ions, respectively.     

Gain properties of germanate glasses singly doped with Tm^3＋ and Ho^3＋ ions

Two kinds of germanate glasses singly doped with the ion concentration of 2.0mol.%Tm3+ and 2.0mol.%Ho3+, respectively, were prepared. According to McCumber theory, the absorption and stimulated emission cross-sections corresponding to the 3H6←→3F4 transitions of Tm3+ (at 1.8 μm) and the 5I8←→5I7 transitions of Ho3+ (at 2.0 μm) were obtained, and respective gain cross-section spectra were also computed as a function of population inversion according to absorption and emission cross-sections and the ion concentrations. For Tm3+-doped germanate glasses, the maximum of the absorption, emission, and gain cross-sections reached a value higher than those reported for fluorozirconate, fluoride, and oxyfluoride glasses. For Ho3+-doped germanate glasses, the maximum of absorption, emission, and gain cross-sections reached a value higher than that reported for fluorozircoaluminate glasses. Hence, these Tm3+-doped and Ho3+-doped germanate glasses exhibited an advantage for application in mid-infrared lasers at about 1.8 and 2.0 μm wavelength.     

Luminescence of Er^3＋ in Oxyfluoride Transparent Glass-Ceramics

Erbium doped silicate, germanate, and tellurium-germanate oxyfluoride glasses were prepared in a bulk form. Through appropriate heat treatment of the as-prepared glasses, transparent glass-ceramics (TGCs) were obtained with the formation of β-PbF2∶Er3 nanocrystals in the glass matrix were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Well-defined diffraction peaks were observed in the samples after heat-treatment. The average crystal diameter of these precipitated crystals from full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the diffraction peak was estimated to be between 8 and 13 nm. Optical absorption, photoluminescence, and upconversion luminescence were measured on as-prepared glass and glass-ceramics. Luminescence spectra in the TGC samples revealed well-resolved, sharp stark-splitting peaks, which indicates that a majority of Er3 ions has been incorporated into the crystalline phase of the nanocrystals. The intensity of the visible and near infrared luminescence mostly increases in TSG compared to that in the as-prepared glass. In 1.53 μm absorption and emission bands, the maximum absorption peak is blue-shifted from 1531 to 1507 nm, whereas the maximum emission peak is red-shifted from 1535 to 1543 nm in TGC, as compared with that in glass. The bandwidth at half-maximum (BWHM) of the emission band is significantly broader in TGC than in glass, which is beneficial to the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). Upconversion luminescence was measured using 800 nm near-infrared light excitation. Drastically increased upconversion luminescence was observed from the TGC as compared to that from their corresponding as-prepared glasses. In addition to a strong green emission centered at 545 nm because of 4S3/2→4I15/2 transition and a weaker red emission centered at 662 nm because of 4F9/2→4I15/2 transition, generally seen from the Er3 doped glasses, two violet emissions centered at 410 nm because of 2H9/2→4I15/2 transition and centered at 379 nm because of 4G11/2→4I15/2 transition were also observed from the TGC. The increased luminescence was attributed to the decreased effective phonon energy and the increased energy transfer between the excited ions when Er3 ions were incorporated into the precipitated β-PbF2 nanocrystals. The results indicated two attractive spectroscopic properties of the Er3 doped TGC samples, compared to glass samples, namely a reduced multiphonon decay rate and a reduced inhomogeneous broadening. In addition, these oxyfluoride TGC materials were robust, easy and flexibile to process, and possible to be fabricated in the fiber form for device applications.     

Luminescence Properties of （ Y, Gd） Al3 （BO3） 4 ： Eu^3＋ under VUV excitation

(Y, Gd)Al3 (BO3)4:Eu^3 samples were prepared by the conventional solid state reaction. The XRD results indicate that the crystal symmetry is low. The excitation spectrum is composed of two broad bands centered at about 170 and 250 nm respectively. In the emission spectra, the peak wavelength is about 616 nm under 147 nm VUV excitation. The luminescent chromaticity coordinate and the relative intensity change along with Gd^3 mole concentration in the range of 0.15 to 0.85 mol (and Eu^3 mole concentration, 0.02 to 0. 1 mol). The correlative data show that the concentration quenching occurs when the Eu^3 mole concentration ranges from 0.02 to 0.1 mol, and the Gd^3 →Gd^3 , Gd^3 →Eu^3 and host→Eu^3 , Gd^3 energy transfers exist, and Gd^3 mole concentration influences Eu^3 emission.     

Preparation and Luminescence of Er^3＋ Doped Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramics Containing LaF3 Nanocrystals

Er^3＋ doped transparent oxyfluoride glass ceramics version and near infrared luminescence behavior of Er^3＋ in containing LaF3 nanocrystals were prepared and the up-conglasses heat-treating time and temperature, the size （varied from 0 to 19 and glass ceramics were investigated. With increasing nm） and crystallinity （varied from 0 to 47%） of LaF3 nanocrystals in the glass ceramics are increased. The up-conversion luminescence intensity of Er^3＋ ions in the glass ceramics is much stronger than that in the glasses The near infrared emission of Er^3＋ ions in and increased significantly with increasing heat-treating time and temperature the glass ceramics is found to be similar to that in the glasses.     

Upconversion Luminescence Properties of Ho^3＋, Tm^3＋, Yb^3＋ Co-Doped Nanocrystal NaYF4 Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method

Nanocrystal of upconversion （UC） phosphor Ho^3＋, Tm^3＋ , and Yb^3＋ co-doped NaYF4 was prepared by the hydrothermal method in the presence of the complexing agent EDTA. Under 980 nm diode laser excitation, the impact of different concentrations of Ho^3＋ ion on the UC luminescence intensity was discussed. The law of luminescence intensity versus pump power shows that the 474 nm blue emission, 538 nm green emission, and 642 nm red emission are all due to the two-photon process, while the 450 nm blue emission is a three-photon process. The UC mechanism and processes were also analyzed. The sample was characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The result shows that Ho^3＋ ,Tm^3＋ , and Yb^3＋ co-doped NaYF4 prepared by the hydrothermal method exhibits a hexagonal nanocrystal.     

Influence of In3＋ ions concentration on spectroscopic properties of Ho：LiNbO3 crystals

In:Ho:LiNbO3 crystals doped with various concentrations of In3+(0, 1 mol.%, 3 mol.%, 5 mol.%), fixed concentrations of Ho3+ (1 mol.%) were grown by Czochralski method. The X-ray powder diffraction, infrared and UV-visible absorption spectra were measured and modified. Judd-Ofelt approach was employed to study the effect of In doping on spectroscopic properties of Ho:LiNbO3 crystals. In concentrations in crystals were analyzed by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OE/MS). For In (3 mol.%):Ho (1 mol.%):LiNbO3 crystal, the obtained intensity parameters were: Ω2=9.6563, Ω4=4.2195, Ω6=14.1526. The results showed that the Ω2 and Ω6 parameters increased with the increase of In3+ concentration. When the In doping concentration was up to 5 mol.%, Ω2 and Ω6 suddenly decreased. In2O3 incorporation had a strong effect on the radiative lifetime, but had less influence on fluorescence branching ratios. The effective distribution coefficient of In3+ in In:Ho:LiNbO3 crystals was less than 1 and increased with increasing concentration of In3+ in the melt.     

Preparation and Optical Properties of Er^3＋-Doped Gadolinium Borosilicate Glasses

Er3 -doped Gd2 O3 -SiO2 -B2 O3 -Na2O glasses were prepared, and formation range of glass of Gd2 O3 -SiO2 -B2O3 system was experimentally obtained. It is found that the glass phase can be formed only when the content of SiO2 is 0～50%(molar fraction), Gd2O3 is 0～30%(molar fraction) and B2 O3 is above 20%(molar fraction) in this glass system. The glass can also be obtained but becomes translucent at the contents of 60%(molar fraction) SiO2 and 30% Gd2O3 , or at the contents of 60%(molar fraction) SiO2 and 30%(molar fraction) B2O3. There is no glass phase formed in other glass components. Glass forming ability for Gd2O3 content of 10%, was characterized by the value of β, the parameter of crystallization tendency, which is 0.32～1.76, obtained from the differential thermal analysis. The absorption and emission cross section, the J-O parameters Ωt(2,4,6) and radiative transition probabilities were calculated by using the theory of McCumber and Judd-Ofelt. The emission properties at 1.5 μm of the samples are discussed with the product of full width at half maximum and stimulated emission cross section. It can be seen that the value of the FWHM×σepeak product in the prepared glass is more than those of germanate, silicate and phosphate glasses. Furthermore, the maximum value of the product among these glasses reported in this work is close to that of oxyfluoride silicate glass. Therefore, the Er3 -doped gadolinium borosilicate glass in this paper is a candidate for broadband erbium doped fiber amplifiers.     

Tm^3＋-doped tellurite glass with Yb^3＋ energy sensitized for broadband amplifier at 1400-1700 nm bands

A kind of novel experiment was disclosed as it possessed two bands of fluorescence emission at 1.4 and 1.6 μm, which were perfectly complimentary to the current C band of optic communication. The fluorescence was based on energy transfer and up-conversion processes between Tm^3＋ and Yb^3＋ under direct pumping of 975 nm LD. The spectra and lifetimes of Tm^3＋ fluorescence in the tellurite glass were described. The corresponding fluorescence characteristics and energy migration process were analyzed by the method of lifetime and intensity comparison. The mechanism of the up-conversion based IR fluorescence was presented upon analyzing the multi-photon pumping process. The potential advantages of Tm^3＋/Yb^3＋ co-doped tellurite glass as amplifier material were concluded.     

Spectroscopic Properties and Judd-Ofelt Theory Analysis of Er^3＋-Doped Heavy Metal Oxyfluoride Silicate Glass

Er^3 -doped heavy metal oxyfluoride silicate glass was fabricated and characterized, and the absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum of the glass were studied. The Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Ωt(t=2, 4, 6), spontaneous transition probability, fluorescence branching ratio and radiative lifetime of each energy levels for Er^3 were calculated by Judd-Ofelt theory, and stimulated emission cross-section of ^4I13/2→^4I15/2 transition was calculated by McCumber theory. The results show that fluorescence full width at half maximum and stimulated emission cross-section of Er^3 -doped heavy metal oxyfluoride silicate glass are broad and large, respectively. Compared with other host glasses, the gain bandwidth property of Er^3 -doped heavy metal oxyfluoride silicate glass is close to those of tellurite and bismuth glasses, and has advantage over those of silicate, phosphate and germante glasses.     

Photoluminescence properties of Ce3+ doped YSiO2N blue-emitting phosphors

Oxonitridosilicate phosphors with compositions of Y 1-x Ce x SiO 2 N (x=0-0.1) were synthesized by a new synthetic route based on a solid state reaction among YSi, CeSi, SiO 2 and Y 2 O 3 compounds at high temperature and high pressure. The photoluminescence properties dependent on Ce concentration and temperature were investigated. Concentration quenching occurred when the doped Ce 3+ concentration was more than 3 mol.%. The emission spectra showed red shifts from 430 to 447 nm with the increased Ce concentration from 0.5 mol.% to 10 mol.%. The quenching temperature was estimated as ～380 K. The chromaticity coordinates of the excitation and emission spectra were stable against the temperature. This study showed these YSiO 2 N:Ce 3+ phosphors the potential applications in the three-RGB phosphor-converted white LEDs.     

Effect of Nd~(3+) on spectroscopic properties of lithium borate glasses

The spectroscopic properties of lithium borate glasses as a function of Nd3＋ ions concentration were reported.Optical absorption spectra of these glasses showed a number of absorption bands in ultra violet and visible region.Optical absorption edge was found to shift towards the longer wavelength（red shift） with increase in Nd2O3.Luminescence spectra revealed three major bands at 902, 1063 and 1334 nm which was due to 4F3/2→4I9/2, 11/2 ＆13/2 transitions of Nd3＋ ions.Luminescence intensity was maximum for 1 mol.% Nd2O3 and further increase in Nd2O3 resulted in luminescence quenching.The luminescence quenching behavior at higher concentration of Nd2O3 was attributed to the Nd3＋-Nd3＋ interaction in the glass matrix.An absorption and emission property of these glasses suggested that these glasses could be useful for 1.06 μm infrared laser applications.     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of Sr3-z（AlxSi1-x）O5-xFx：zCe^3＋phosphors

Sr3-z(Alx,Si1-x)O -5-xFx:zCe3+ phosphors were synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reaction.The structure and luminescence properties of phosphors with various Al/Si ratios and Ce3+ concentrations were characterized using various methods such as X-ray diffraction,photoluminescence excitation and photoluminescence spectra.XRD result displayed that a complete solid solution between Sr3AlO4F and Sr3SiO5 was formed.With the increasing of x value,a broader excitation band and stronger absorption appeared in the blue light region.Moreover,the emission band shifted to a shorter wavelength and the emission intensity reached a maximum at x=0.6.By adjusting the concentration of Ce3+,a widely tunable range of emission wavelength under the excitation of 460 nm was obtained from the green to yellow regions.In addition,the concentration and thermal quenching were also discussed.