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蛋清受热后具有良好的胶凝性。工业化食品生产中,比如鱼糜制品、面制品的加工中会加入蛋清或经干燥加工而成的蛋清粉改善产品的口感,从而对蛋清凝胶特性提出了更高的要求。亲水胶体作为多糖和蛋白质聚合物,已经被广泛应用于大豆分离蛋白和肌原纤维蛋白的改性研究,其良好的增稠性对蛋白质的凝胶特性有着促进作用。不同种类的亲水胶体对蛋清凝胶特性有着差异性影响。该文阐述了蛋清的凝胶机理,梳理了影响蛋清凝胶特性的关键因素,探讨了不同亲水胶体对蛋清凝胶特性的作用机理,为提高蛋清凝胶特性提供理论参考,并提出未来的研究方向。 相似文献
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亲水胶体对大头狗母鱼鱼糜凝胶特性的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
由于外观和易于腐败的特点,大头狗母鱼在东南亚地区被认为是一种低值鱼类。有关蛇鲻(Saurida)的凝胶特性的研究很多,但是有关大头狗母鱼(Trachinocephalus myops)的凝胶特性鲜有研究。本实验主要采用质构分析法和动态流变学法,研究了亲水胶体对大头狗母鱼的凝胶特性和流变性质的影响。结果表明,添加不同种类的亲水胶体对大头狗母鱼鱼糜的凝胶特性有不同的影响。卡拉胶和琼胶能够提高鱼糜凝胶的破断强度,黄原胶降低鱼糜凝胶的破断强度,海藻酸钠和魔芋胶对破断强度有轻微的降低作用。所有这些胶体均降低大头狗母鱼鱼糜凝胶的凹陷度。 相似文献
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考察了添加复合亲水胶体对鲢鱼、带鱼、金线鱼等鱼糜制品凝胶特性的影响。结果发现,添加亲水胶体后,带鱼鱼糜制品凝胶强度从58.38 g·cm提高至107.27 g·cm,金线鱼鱼糜制品从328.68 g·cm下降至137.55 g·cm,但鲢鱼鱼糜制品没有明显变化。另一方面,添加亲水胶体后鱼糜制品的硬度、粘结性、咀嚼性等发生下降,但水分含量、持水性、蒸煮吸水率均有显著提高。而且,添加亲水胶体后带鱼鱼糜制品中肌球蛋白重链的降解受到一定的抑制。SEM结果发现亲水胶体可以填充到带鱼和鲢鱼鱼糜制品中,但在金线鱼鱼糜凝胶结构中容易形成胶体块状,导致凝胶强度下降。 相似文献
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将几种不同的亲水胶体复配后应用于低脂肉糜中,通过对肉糜凝胶强度和持水性的测定,筛选出一种复配型亲水胶体作为脂肪替代品。结果表明:复合亲水胶体的最佳配方为大豆分离蛋白2.5%,魔芋精粉1.0%,黄原胶0.2%,卡拉胶0.3%。按此最佳配方添加于肉糜中,添加水量35%,在100℃下加热1.5h,肉糜综合性质较佳。 相似文献
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在我国大力推行全民健身理念的背景下,人们通过运动锻炼来增强身体素质,但由此引发的运动疲劳现象不容忽视.抗疲劳功能食品能够补充能量、缓解运动疲劳,受到人们的关注与喜爱.植物蛋白肽是从小麦、玉米、大豆等谷物及豆类中提取的活性肽类物质,因其独特的加工性能、抗疲劳作用等特点,逐渐被应用于食品、医学、保健品等领域,近年来在运动领... 相似文献
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Gels prepared from whey proteins can be used for controlled release of nutrients or active ingredients in food systems. The objective of this study was to characterize the water uptake by these hydrophilic gels to aid in the design of release systems. Whey protein isolate (WPI) gels (17% w/w protein) of different aspect ratios were submersed in aqueous solution at pH 7.0. Modeling of mass uptake is presented in terms of Case I (Fickian diffusion) and Case II (kinetic) models. Due to the extent of swelling, the Fickian diffusion with moving boundaries provided the most realistic reflection of the physics. An optimization routine provided the best fit values for the diffusivity. The average diffusivity for the smaller gels (with an initial radius of 6.7 mm) was 1.40 × 10−10 m2/s. The average diffusivity of the larger gels (with an initial radius of 8.5 mm) was 0.79 × 10−10 m2/s. The average diffusivities differed due to the slight variation in the composition of the gels. The model also yielded instantaneous values of the radius and sample length. The functionality of moisture uptake and total surface area was linear. The Fickian diffusion with moving boundary model can be extended to evaluate different geometries for controlled release systems. 相似文献
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醛类化合物是指分子中含有—CHO(醛基)的化合物,它与含有亲核基团的蛋白质(或氨基酸)、膜脂、遗传物质的加成产物被认为与动脉粥状硬化、癌症、阿尔茨海默症等慢性疾病密切相关。油脂热加工过程会产生性质各异、种类繁多的醛类化合物,对食品安全造成极大威胁。本文综述了油脂热加工过程中醛类化合物产生机理、种类、分子特性、危害以及影响因素(食用油类型、脂肪酸组成、加热温度和时间、比表面积、加热方式、金属离子、油脂的发烟点、油脂热加工过程中所处理的食物对象)的研究进展,为该方向进一步的研究提供理论参考。 相似文献
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Effects of adding fish gelatin on Alaska pollock surimi gels 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Araceli Hernndez-Briones Gonzalo Velzquez Manuel Vzquez Jos A. Ramírez 《Food Hydrocolloids》2009,23(8):2446-2449
Fish gelatin is a food additive obtained after hydrolysis of collagen from fish skin. The importance of fish gelatin as a food additive is increasing due to its increased commercial availability. Surimi is washed minced fish meat used as the raw material for seafood analogs like crabmeat substitutes. The most important attributes of surimi are gelling and whiteness. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of using fish gelatin as an additive in surimi to improve the mechanical and functional properties of gels. Surimi gels were prepared by mixing grade A or FA surimi (Alaska pollock) with salt (20 g/kg w/w) and commercial fish gelatin at 0 (control), 5, 7.5, 10, or 15 g/kg (w/w) previously dissolved in water (200 mL/kg surimi). The solubilized paste was incubated at 40 °C for 30 min followed by cooking at 90 °C for 15 min. Changes in mechanical properties (torsion test), a functional property (expressible water content) and color attributes of surimi gels were measured. Grade FA surimi gels containing 7.5–15 g/kg of fish gelatin showed an improved expressible moisture. However, gelatin added at 15 g/kg showed a disruptive effect detrimental to the mechanical properties. Color parameters were modified slightly. Whiteness attribute as affected by increasing the fish gelatin was instrumentally detected but not observed by sensory panelists. Gelatin did not change the overall color attributes and all gels remained in the grayish region. These results indicated that fish gelatin did not have an advantage for using as a functional additive in Alaska pollock surimi grades A or FA. However, it can be used at up to 10 g/kg without a negative effect on the mechanical properties. 相似文献
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对肉类食品来说,辐照不仅能有效杀灭其中的微生物,而且能作用于蛋白质等生物大分子,影响蛋白间的相互作用力,从而改变蛋白质构象,导致蛋白变性、聚集或凝胶化,因此利用电子束辐照处理,有望成为改善肌肉蛋白凝胶品质的一种有效手段。本文列举了常用于表征蛋白质结构的光学仪器如拉曼光谱、红外光谱、圆二色谱等在肌肉蛋白构象研究中的应用,综述了辐照引起肌肉蛋白生化特性、化学作用力和构象的改变,以及这种改变对肌肉凝胶网络结构形成的作用,在分子水平上探讨了辐照对肌肉凝胶特性的影响机理,为利用辐照技术改善肌肉凝胶性能提供理论指导。 相似文献
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Ziye Wang Shuzhen Cheng Di Wu Zhe Xu Shiqi Xu Maolin Tu Ming Du 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2022,57(5):2611-2618
The physicochemical properties of the hydrophilic peptides (HIPs) and the hydrophobic peptides (HOPs) from the oyster protein hydrolysates (OPHs) were analysed. The technology of high-performance liquid chromatography and dynamic light scattering was used to determine the molecular weights and the particle sizes of HIP and HOP. About 60–70% of them had a molecular weight below 500 Da and the particle size was all about 100 nm, which were smaller than OPH. Furthermore, compared with OPH and HIP, HOPs have obvious advantages in surface hydrophobic and emulsifying properties because they have more hydrophobic groups on the surface. The emulsifying activity and emulsion stability of HOP can be significantly improved from 3.80 to 42.88 m2 g−1 and 131.17–163.70 min, respectively, because of its high surface hydrophobicity. Thus, our results suggest that HOPs have a great potential to be developed as an emulsifier. 相似文献
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多酚是植物次生代谢物,具有良好的功能及生物学特性,被广泛应用于食品行业。除其本身的良好特性外,多酚可以通过非共价和(或)共价相互作用与蛋白质结合,以达到改变蛋白质的结构、提高功能特性、扩宽应用范围的目的。因此,明确蛋白质与多酚复合物形成机制意义重大。文章对蛋白质与多酚非共价相互作用及共价相互作用进行归纳总结,对复合后样品的乳化性、凝胶性、抗氧化活性以及生物利用率的影响进行分析。并基于蛋白质和多酚相互作用的研究现状对其深入研究进行展望,通过蛋白质和多酚相互作用对功能性质的影响,为多酚蛋白质复合物在食品领域的应用提供依据。 相似文献