钕铁硼永磁合金的晶粒相互作用和矫顽力

钕铁硼永磁合金的矫顽力由单个晶粒的矫顽力和晶粒之间的相互作用决定。晶粒的矫顽力及其相互作用与晶粒取向有关。按照不同的矫顽力机制,晶粒的矫顽力及其角度关系有不同的表达式。晶粒相互作用可分为长程静磁相互作用和近邻晶粒的交换耦合相互作用。烧结磁体的交换作用影响很小,静磁相互作用影响较大,使晶粒混乱取向磁体的矫矫顽力大于晶粒理想取向磁体的矫顽力。综合考虑单个晶粒的矫顽力和不同取向晶粒之间的相互作用的影响。     

晶粒取向与烧结NdFeB磁体的磁性能

研究了烧结ＮｄＦｅＢ磁体的硬磁性能与晶粒取向程度的关系，结果表明：随着晶粒取向程度的增强，磁体的剩余磁极化强度Ｊｒ单调上升、内禀矫顽力ｊＨｃ单调下降，磁感矫顽力ＢＨｃ先上升，达到一极大值后下降，从而导致了最大磁能积（ＢＨ）ｍａｘ的饱和行为。应用矫顽力的发动场理论很好地解释了这一实验现象。     

浅析NdFeB系纳米复合永磁材料的研究趋势

综述了纳米复合永磁材料研究的新进展,重点介绍了矫顽力机理方面的研究。通过研究掺杂和制备工艺对提高材料磁性能的作用,分析了该类材料的研究趋势:通过研究矫顽力机制提高材料的矫顽力;通过微掺杂或改进制备工艺,一方面改善材料的微观结晶结构,从而制备接近理论预言的理想磁体结构,另一方面增强晶粒取向,从而制备出高性能的各向异性永磁体。     

基片及基片温度对Fe4N薄膜的形成及其特性的影响

以双离子束溅射法在（111）硅片和玻璃上分别制得了单－γ′－Fe4N薄膜，研究了基片及基片温度对薄膜的结构和磁性能的影响，结果表明，（111）硅片为基片，可制得无晶粒择优取向的单一γ′－Fe4N相；而以玻璃为基片，在基片温度为160℃时，则可制得具有（100）面晶粒取向的单一γ′－Fe4N相薄膜，与无晶粒择优取向的γ′－Fe4N相比较，具有（100）面晶粒取向的γ′－Fe4N相的矫顽力较低，易达到磁饱和，但二者的饱和磁化强度基本一致。     

各向异性HDDR工艺Nd(Fe,Co)B粘结磁体的反磁化过程和矫顽力

研究了取向磁场对ＨＤＤＲ工艺制备的各向异性Ｎｄ（Ｆｅ,Ｃｏ）Ｂ粘结磁体顽力的影响。实验指出：阴着施加取向磁场强度的逐渐增强,磁体的制磁和矫顽力不同程度的增加。磁体的反磁化过程包括晶粒内部的成核过程和晶粒之间的畴壁位移过程,矫力应由两种反磁化过程的共同作用决定。     

添加低熔点Nd-Cu合金对纳米晶热压Nd-Fe-B磁体的影响

采用钕铁硼快淬磁粉和低熔点Nd-Cu合金混粉热压/热流变的方法,制备出的各向异性磁体矫顽力从747kA/m提高到1 280kA/m。XRD图谱表明样品取向度随合金添加量增大逐渐减小。通过SEM和TEM图片发现添加的Nd-Cu主要分散在晶界中,使得平均晶粒尺寸减小,各向异性热流变磁体晶界变厚,静磁耦合作用减弱,矫顽力得到明显提升。     

Nd-Fe(Co,Ga,Nb)-B纳米复合材料矫顽力的晶粒尺寸关系

用熔体快淬方法制备了Nd2(Fe，Co，Ga，Nb)l4B／α—Fe纳米复合水磁材料，研究了材料的磁性能与晶粒尺寸的关系．结果表明：纳米复合材料的剩磁随着平均晶粒尺寸的减小单调增加，矫顽力随着晶粒尺寸的减小先增加，在23nm附近出现峰值．采用软硬磁性相之间的交换耦合磁硬化和有效各向异性模型解释了矫顽力出现峰值的现象。     

高性能Nd-Fe-B复合永磁材料微磁结构与矫顽力机制

概述了近年来有关高性能Nd-Fe-B复合永磁材料矫顽力机制的研究进展,研究了工艺过程对矫顽力的影响机制和所适应的理论模型,重点探讨了双主相合金技术制备的高性能永磁材料的微结构特征与矫顽力的关系,尝试解释了双主相合金技术制备的高性能永磁材料的矫顽力机制 由传统的单合金或双合金工艺制备磁体的矫顽力机制可用发动场理论解释,且与实际相符较好.探讨了热压/热流变磁体各向异性的形成,展示了热退磁过程中烧结和热压/热流变磁体畴结构的演变规律.制备出最大磁能积约为424 kJ/m3的各向异性纳米品Nd-Fe-B磁体,研究表明,各向异性的产生主要源于再结晶过程中晶粒的择优生长和通过边界液相所促进的晶粒滑移和旋转.揭示出高性能各向异性纳米晶Nd-Fe-B磁体的典型磁畴结构是一种交换耦合畴.交换耦合畴的温度依赖关系是影响磁体使用温度的主要因素.     

纳米硬磁晶粒间的交换耦合相互作用和有效各向异性

以纳米Nd2Fe14B永磁材料为例,研究了硬磁晶粒间交换耦合相互作用对磁体有效各向异性的影响。结果表明晶粒间交换耦合相互作用随晶粒尺寸的减小而增强,材料的有效各向异性常数Keff随晶粒尺寸的减小而逐渐下降,Keff随晶粒尺寸的变化与矫顽力的变化规律相似。纳米单相永磁材料有效各向异性的减小是矫顽力降低的主要原因,交换耦合系数口aex实际上是各向异性的减小量。为保证纳米Nd2Fe14B材料具有较高的各向异性和矫顽力,晶粒尺寸应不小于30nm。     

镁合金AZ31高温形变机制的织构分析

利用X射线衍射和背散射电子衍射方法测定了镁合金AZ3l高温动态再结晶和超塑形变时的宏观和微观织构,分析了晶粒内部的形变机制.结果表明,在动态再结晶和超塑形变过程中,晶粒内部的滑移机制仍起重要作用,表现为再结晶晶粒出现择优取向以及一些晶粒可充分均匀形变成长条状.宏观织构的测定表明,具有不同初始织构的两类样品高温动态再结晶时,新晶粒有不同的取向择优过程,形成相似的织构;长条形变晶粒内部开动的滑移系也有一定的差异.分析了不同温度下相同的织构对应的不同塑变机理取向成像分析表明,基面织构取向的晶粒间总伴随着较高比例的小角晶界和30°(0001)的取向关系,这是六方结构的六次对称性限制了动态再结晶时(亚)晶粒间取向差的有效增大的缘故.     

具有正温度系数的2:17型Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)z永磁体的研究现状

总结了矫顽力具有正温度系数的2:17型Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)z永磁体的研究现状;分析了成分与胞状显微组织对矫顽力正温度系数的影响,概括了目前解释矫顽力正温度系数的几种矫顽力机制模型,提出了对矫顽力正温度系数的研究是高温永磁体Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)z今后一个很有前景的新研究方向.     

Demagnetization Process and Coercivity for Anisotropic HDDR NdFeB Bonded Magnets

Research Notes1. IlltroductionThe NdFeB magnetic powders produced by theHDDR (hydrogenat ion- deco mp os it ion- desorp t ionrecombination) process commonly are magneticallyisotropic. Takeshita[1] and MatzingerI2] et al. pointedout that the addition of a little Zr, Ga can inducemagnetic anisotropy for HDDR Nd(Fe,Co)B powders. In this paper, the dependence of the remanentpolarization Jr, the intrinsic coercivity jH.= and themagnetic inductive coercivity l,Hc for HDDR NdFeCoBGa bond…     

Improvement of Coercivity and Corrosion Resistance of Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnets with Cu Nano-particles Doping

Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets with a small amount of Cu nano-particles doping have been prepared by conventional sintered method.Effects of Cu content on magnetic properties,corrosion resistance,and oxidation properties of the magnets have been studied.It shows that the coercivity rises gradually,while the remanence decreases simultaneously with increasing Cu doping amount.Microstructure observation reveals that Cu element enriches mainly the Nd-rich phase.Autoclave test results show that the corrosion rate of the magnets decreases with increasing Cu content.After oxidation,the maximum energy product loss of the magnets with 0 and 0.2 wt% Cu nano-particles doping are 6.13% and 0.99%,respectively.Therefore,it is concluded that Cu nano-particles doping is a promising way to enhance the coercivity and corrosion resistance of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets.     

回收制备烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的磁性能与耐热性能

以废旧钕铁硼磁体为原料,采用短流程回收制备技术制备了烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体,通过添加镨钕混合稀土研究了磁体的磁性能和耐热性能.结果表明,在回收磁体中添加2％ PrNd,制备的烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的剩磁为1.31T、矫顽力为1 474.86 kA/m、磁能积为353.90 kJ/m3.与一次成品相比矫顽力恢复到102％,剩磁恢复到95％,磁能积恢复到90％.在293～393 K范围内未掺杂PrNd磁体的矫顽力温度系数为-0.589 9％/K,掺杂2％PrNd磁体的矫顽力温度系数为-0.556 4％/K,提高了磁体在高温下的耐热性能.这是由于添加混合稀土PrNd增强了主相晶粒间的去磁交换耦合作用,提高了主相的磁晶各向异性场,从而提高了磁体的矫顽力和耐热性能.     

各向异性热压稀土永磁体的热变形机制及微磁结构研究

重点研究制备工艺对各向异性热压稀土永磁体性能的影响,探讨了热压永磁体的热变形机理和数学描述模型,并尝试从微磁结构的角度研究各向异性纳米晶Nd-Fe-B磁体,揭示纳米晶粒之间的静磁和交换耦合相互作用、磁化和反磁化、热退磁等微观机制。获得了最佳磁性能为:Hcj=1 157 kA/m,Br=1.465 T,(BH)max=426 kJ/m3纳米晶Nd-Fe-B磁体。     

A Nd-Fe-O intergranular phase in Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets and itseffect on coercivity

The intergranular microstructure and coercivity of Nd richer Nd _xFe_93-xB₇ (x=16-28) sintered magnets have been systematically studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, analytical transmission electron microscopy, scanning Auger multiprobe, thermomagnetic analysis, magnetic measurement and annealing experiments. A new stable Nd-Fe-O ferromagnetic phase with a composition NdFe₂O_x (x≈0.3) and a Curie temperature of 145°C is found in the intergranular regions of the magnets, due to the introduction of a considerable amount of oxygen during magnet processing and its segregation in the intergranular regions. The phase forms at ~650°C and volume fraction reaches a maximum of ~4% in the Nd₂₂Fe₇₁B₇ magnets. This new phase has a strong hindrance effect on the propagation of reversed domain walls between Nd₂Fe₁₄B grains, and thus leads to a considerable enhancement of coercivity. Raising the Curie temperature of this phase would be a new important approach to improve the high-temperature coercivity of Nd-Fe-B magnets     

Hot deformed anisotropic nanocrystalline NdFeB based magnets prepared from spark plasma sintered melt spun powders

Anisotropic magnets were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) followed by hot deformation (HD) using melt-spun powders as the starting material. Good magnetic properties with the remanence J_r > 1.32 T and maximum of energy product (BH)_max > 303 kJ/m³ have been obtained. The microstructure evolution during HD and its influence on the magnetic properties were investigated. The fine grain zone and coarse grain zone formed in the SPS showed different deformation behaviors. The microstructure also had an important effect on the temperature coefficients of coercivity. A strong domain-wall pinning model was valid to interpret the coercivity mechanism of the HDed magnets. The increase of stray field and weakening of domain-wall pinning effects were the main reasons of the decrease of the coercivity with increasing the compression ratio. The influences of non-uniform plastic deformation on the microstructure and magnetic properties were investigated. The polarization characteristics of HDed magnets were demonstrated. It was found out that the HDed magnets had better corrosion resistance than the counterpart sintered magnet.     

Nd_2Fe_(14)B/α-Fe纳米双相复合永磁体研究进展

阐述了Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe纳米双相复合永磁体的磁学特性、制备方法及矫顽力机制;并结合近年来纳米复合永磁体研究的新进展,讨论了制备工艺,添加合金化元素,微结构与磁体性能的关系;最后指出了纳米复合永磁体目前存在的问题和今后的发展方向。     

Tuning magnetic properties,thermal stability and microstructure of NdFeB magnets with diffusing Pr-Zn films

Grain boundary diffusion process(GBDP) serves as a promising approach in improving magnetic properties and thermal stability of Nd FeB permanent magnets. Herein, non-heavy rare earth Pr-Zn films deposited on the magnet surface using DC-magnetron sputtering system are reported. The thermal stability and coercivity enhancement mechanism of Pr-Zn GBDP magnets were investigated. Results show that the coercivity of Pr-Zn GBDP magnet increases from 963.96 kA m~(-1) to 1317.14 kA m~(-1) without any remanence reduction. Notably, the demagnetization curve of Pr-Zn GBDP magnet still remains a high squareness ratio. The temperature coefficient of coercivity and anti-demagnetization ability of Pr-Zn GBDP magnet under high temperatures are improved after GBDP treatment. The well-optimized rare earth-rich(RE-rich) grain boundary phases and high effective anisotropy field of(Nd,RE)2 Fe14 B magnetic hardening layers surrounding main grains are the key factors to impact the magnetic properties and thermal stability of Nd FeB permanent magnets via GBDP treatment.