再生废镁铬砖生产镁铬砖的试验研究

本文讨论当Cr2O3以电熔镁铬砂、铬铁矿及RH炉废镁铬砖3种形式引入并控制Cr2O3含量分别为6％、8％、12％和16％时,镁铬砖试样的各项理化性能.结果表明:加入废镁铬砖的试样的各项性能略低于加入电熔镁铬砂的试样,但与加入铬铁矿的试样相差不大,且其高温抗折强度均大于加入铬铁矿的试样.通过本试验说明,利用废镁铬砖生产的镁铬砖,可以替代直接结合镁铬砖,应用在水泥回转窑、有色金属冶炼及重烧镁砂竖窑等热工设备.     

铝铬渣对用后镁铬砖制备镁铬浇注料性能的影响

为实现用后镁铬砖的综合利用,本文以用后镁铬砖回收料为主要原料制备镁铬质耐火浇注料,研究了铁合金厂铝铬渣对用后镁铬砖制备镁铬质耐火浇注料体积密度、显气孔率、常温耐压强度、热震稳定性及抗渣性的影响.结果表明:铝铬渣对用后镁铬砖制备镁铬浇注料具有一定的促烧结作用,随着铝铬渣加入量增加,烧后试样常温耐压强度增大.随着浇注料结构中原位尖晶石量增加,试样显气孔率增大,体积密度减小.当铝铬渣加入量为10％时,试样的热震稳定性最好,热震前后试样的常温耐压强度保持率为93.8％,试样具有较好抗渣侵蚀性能,侵蚀层结构稳定均匀.     

铝铬砖和镁铬砖抗艾萨炉炉渣蚀损的模拟研究

采用回转抗渣法模拟研究了试验温度、保温时间和熔渣加入量等因素对铝铬砖和镁铬砖抗艾萨炉炉渣侵蚀能力的影响。用SEM、EDAX及XRD等方法,对抗渣试样的显微结构和矿物组成进行了分析研究。结果表明:随着侵蚀温度的升高、保温时间的延长及炉渣加入量的增加,铝铬砖和镁铬砖的侵蚀面积增大;熔渣渗入铝铬砖后,形成铁铝尖晶石和铁铬尖晶石保护层,阻止了熔渣的侵蚀;三种耐火材料抗艾萨炉炉渣侵蚀能力由强到弱为:铝铬砖>电熔再结合镁铬砖>直接结合镁铬砖。     

迎接“镁铬砖以后”的历史年代

绿色工业要求关闭一切污染源、铬公害必然导致镁铬砖的淘汰，取而代之的便是白云石砖、法晶石砖和镁铬砖等无铬碱性砖。人们钭根据这类砖的性能为基估回转窑中定位。     

AOD炉用耐火材料的改善

1 前言 住友金属工业公司和歌山钢铁厂不锈钢车间的AOD炉,采用以镁白云石砖为主体炉衬,只在风口部位使用镁铬砖的组合炉衬法,获得了稳定的使用寿命。但是,为进一步延长使用寿命和降低单位成本,从1988年8月开始进行了以镁铬砖为主体炉衬的使用性试验。通过采取各种改善措施取得了较长的稳定的使用寿命,     

废镁铬砖加入量对镁质浇注料性能的影响

将回转窑烧成带废弃直接结合镁铬砖经过处理后,制成废镁铬砖再生料,用它替代镁质浇注料中的镁砂原料.文章研究了废镁铬砖的加入量对镁质浇注料性能的影响.结果表明:经过一定工艺处理后的废镁铬砖满足掺入要求,并且随着废砖加入量的增加,试样的烘干、高温和中温耐压强度、抗折强度、体积密度均逐渐增大.实验证明加入量为37%时,其性能指标接近对照试样,并对高温烧后试样进行了SEM及XRD分析.     

水泥窑用低铬优质镁铬砖的研制

本文介绍了结合我国国情采用增铝、增铁的技术路线研制的低铬优质镁铬砖以代替普通镁铬砖，当Ｃｒ２Ｏ３＜４％时仍具有优良的热震稳定性和粘挂窑皮性。该砖已经在牡丹江水泥厂１＃窑烧成带使用了两个窑次，具良好有使用性能     

用回收废弃镁铬砖生产耐火浇注料的新途径

讨论了伊朗SARCHESHMEH COPPER COMPLEX(ISCC)废弃镁铬砖的回收工艺并利用回收的镁铬砖生产浇铸轮及出钢槽用耐火材料。ISCC的熔炼厂每年消耗4000t耐火材料,产生2000t的废弃的耐火材料。为了减少环境污染且获得一定的经济效益,废弃耐火材料的回收是一个有效的解决办法。在ISCC,每年有800t氧化铝或硅酸铝耐火浇注料用作阳极炉浇铸轮及出钢槽衬里材料。目前的工作是分析眨射炉、转炉和阳极炉用后砖工作面、非工作面的显微结构变化,以此来分析用后砖的组织及化学组成的变化。使用回收后的镁铬砖骨料并采用不同尺寸分布和不同水泥含量制备出不同配方,其中,镁铬砖骨料是通过将用后镁铬砖来破坏部分破碎得到的。测定试样的物理和力学性能后,制备了1t的耐火浇注料并且成功的用于浇铸轮生产中。     

合理选择和使用耐火砖消除铬对环境的危害

水泥窑用镁铬砖的残砖中铬含量较高，对环境危害大。为降低铬盐对环境的危害，牡丹江新材料科技股份有限公司在水泥窑上进行了使用低铬砖和无铬砖的试验。试验表明，加锆改性尖晶石砖的使用情况较直接结合镁铬砖差，而加铬方镁石复合尖晶石砖(LYC砖)的使用效果好于直接结合镁铬砖。LYC砖不仅铬含量低，对环境的危害小，且其使用寿命是普通镁铬砖的5倍，是直接结合镁铬砖的1．72倍。使用LYC砖对提高窑运转率，降低生产成本有利。     

TiO2对镁铬砖抗渣蚀性的影响

利用xRD分析和光学显微镜等测试手段,研究了添加TiO2对镁铬砖抗渣蚀性的影响.结果表明炉渣中的CaO能分解镁铬砖中的二次尖晶石而使镁铬砖损毁,但加入TiO2后,TiO2能优先于尖晶石中的Cr2O3与渣中CaO反应,生成高熔点的CaTiO3,从而抑制CaO对砖中镁铬尖晶石的分解,提高了镁铬砖的抗高钙渣渣蚀能力.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。