顶吹烟化法在回收铟中的应用

顶吹烟化是一种在炼铅炉渣中有效回收铟的方法。通过热力学计算阐明了铅渣中铟的还原性与挥发性;同时,试验研究了还原温度和时间等因素对铅锌还原挥发率的影响。研究指出,温度、时间和炉渣中原始含锌量对烟化挥发铟有影响。结果表明,在煤的配入量为炉渣质量的50%、还原温度为l 250℃、时间为60 min的条件下,锌的挥发率高于83.67%,铟的挥发率高于60.67%,铅的挥发率高于92.14%。当原铅渣中锌含量达到8%时,铟挥发率可达90.27%。     

锌冶炼铅银渣还原焙烧挥发铅锌试验研究

研究了铅银渣还原焙烧挥发铅、锌,考察了升温制度、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、焦粉用量、添加剂用量等对铅锌挥发率的影响。结果表明:在1 200℃下恒温焙烧60 min,控制焦粉用量40%、添加剂氧化钙用量4%,铅、锌挥发率分别高达98.85%和97.6%,挥发效果较好。     

微波还原焙烧中和渣制备氧化锌烟尘的研究

对中和渣在微波场中的升温特性进行了研究。结果表明,中和渣具有良好的吸波特性。随着物料温度的增加,铅、锌挥发率明显增加。在微波功率1kW、焙烧温度1 000℃条件下,微波焙烧中和渣过程中锌挥发率达到90.27%,铅挥发率高达98.63%,焙烧制备的氧化锌烟尘含锌49.06%、铅8.54%。微波焙烧中和渣制备氧化锌烟尘是可行的。     

硅锰合金粉尘配碳团块中锌铅和碱金属的脱除研究

硅锰合金粉尘是铁合金冶炼过程中产生的固体废弃物,其中含有大量的锰元素以及少量的锌、铅及碱金属。为了更好地回收利用粉尘中的有价金属,减少回收粉尘过程中锌铅及碱金属对冶炼顺行的危害,本文将硅锰合金粉尘压制成块,研究团块碳热还原过程中锌、铅、钾和钠的挥发脱除及动力学规律。研究结果表明：高温有利于碳热还原过程中锌、铅、钾和钠的挥发,当温度为1 550℃时,锌和铅的挥发较快,在5 min左右基本完全挥发脱除,其挥发率分别为99.74%和99.00%,钾和钠在加热30 min时其挥发率分别为97.65%和96.66%。Avrami-Erafeev模型能够较好地描述锌的挥发,其挥发受碳的气化反应控制。Jander三维扩散模型能够较好地描述铅、钾和钠的挥发,其挥发受气相扩散控制。锌、铅、钾和钠的挥发活化能分别为26.16、95.77、175.06和261.09 kJ/mol。     

脆硫铅锑矿铅锑分离新工艺研究

本试验研究了一种新工艺，通过加入一种催化剂，对脆硫铅锑矿进行氧化挥发焙烧，实现铅锑的一步分离；同时，对该工艺下影响脆硫铅锑矿铅锑分离效果的因素也分别进行了讨论。     

脆硫铅锑矿中Pb-Sb预分离新工艺研究

介绍一种从脆硫铅锑矿中进行铅、锑预分离的新工艺。先用硫化钠湿法分离铅锑,再火法炼锑。对硫化钠浸出锑的影响因素进行了研究;用硫酸盐将硫代锑酸钠转化成复合锑盐用于挥发Sb2O3。结果表明,锑浸出率达96.12%,转化和挥发阶段锑回收率分别为99.96%和99.05%,全流程锑回收率95.17%。     

钢铁厂含锌铅粉尘配碳球团的冶金特性研究

采用骤冷后化学分析的方法测定了以含锌铅的钢铁厂粉尘为原料，配入适当的焦粉制成的含碳球团，在１１００－１３００℃中性气氛下和按还原当量碳配入的过量碳为零时，锌，铅，铁三种元素在不同温度，时间和碱度条件下的还原速率和熟球的抗压强度，试验结果表明，０．９碱度的球团，在１２５０－１３００℃下还原２０ｍｉｎ以上时，可使锌挥发率（或不率）达９５％以上，铅挥发率（或还原率）在８２％以上，并可得到抗压强度在３３６     

熔融氯化挥发工艺处理凡口窑渣综合回收有价金属的研究

采用熔融氯化挥发工艺综合回收凡口窑渣中的有价元素,考察了反应时间和氯化剂种类对有价金属挥发率的影响。结果表明:控制反应时间超过30min,以氯化钠作氯化剂,锗和铅的挥发率在90%以上,银挥发率超过80%,锌和铜的挥发率偏低(60%～70%)。该工艺具有自热、烟尘中有价元素富集比高等优点。     

烟化法处理鼓风炉炼铅炉渣试验研究

云南某铅冶炼厂鼓风炉炼铅炉渣富集有价金属锌、铟等，以前受冶炼技术条件限制而无法回收，只能长期堆存。本文采用烟化法处理此类炉渣。通过选择合适的渣型，降低了炼铅炉渣的熔点。研究了烟化温度、吹炼时间等对炼铅炉渣中锌挥发率的影响，得出了适宜的烟化工艺条件。试验为该铅厂综合利用鼓风炉炼铅炉渣提供了依据。     

浅谈含碳铅锌球团的性质和还原挥发影响

分析了粉尘的物化特性、气氛、生球碱度对含碳铅锌球团中锌铅挥发率和铁的金属化率的影响。     

锑铅合金真空蒸馏规律的研究

对锑铅合金在真空条件下的挥发规律及锑铅合金真空蒸馏分离进行了实验研究,结果表明,真空蒸馏的压力、蒸馏温度、蒸馏时间对馏出锑的铅含量、锑的挥发率有显著影响,真空蒸馏的方法可以用来分离锑铅。     

脆硫铅锑矿铅锑分离新工艺研究

本试验研究了一种新工艺,通过加入一种催化剂,对脆硫铅锑矿进行氧化挥发焙烧,实现铅锑的一步分离;同时,对该工艺下影响脆硫铅锑矿铅锑分离效果的因素也分别进行了讨论。     

综合回收含砷碱液与二氧化硫烟气的工艺探讨

利用锑冶炼过程中产生的含砷碱液吸收低浓度二氧化硫烟气,然后,通过过滤干燥、煅烧挥发、炭还原等过程后,含砷碱液中的锑富集为锑渣,砷化合物富集在氧化砷烟尘中,碱转化为硫化钠产品。处理过程中,锑的回收率达到了95％,砷超过94％进入氧化砷烟尘中,副产品硫化钠达到了工业级。锑冶炼过程中的含砷碱液和二氧化硫烟气得到了综合回收。     

Heteronuclear compounds of arsenic and antimony

Volatilization of secondary metals such as arsenic, antimony, and bismuth, during the smelting of copper ores, is important because of environmental and resource considerations. The Bureau of Mines, United States Department of the Interior, has been studying copper concentrate roasting in conjunction with the volatility of these minor constituents. Some unusual vaporization behavior initiated this supplemental paper which shows that when the mixed sulfides of arsenic and antimony are heated, the volatilization of arsenic is retarded and the volatilization of antimony increased. Mixed oxides of arsenic and antimony also exhibit exceptional volatilization behavior. These anomalous vaporization behaviors are attributed to the formation of heteronuclear compounds of arsenic and antimony, but the colligative properties of solutions may also be a factor.     

含砷烟尘的综合利用

采用氢氧化钠碱性浸出分离回收含砷烟尘中的砷,在优化试验条件下,砷、锑、铅的浸出率分别为99.27%、1.83%和0.20%;砷浸出液经氧化—冷却结晶回收砷酸钠后返回浸出过程循环利用,整个脱砷工艺闭路循环。采用硫化钠浸出—空气氧化法分离回收含砷烟尘碱浸渣中的锑并制备焦锑酸钠,碱浸渣中锑的浸出率为93.03%,锑浸出液中锑沉淀率为98.51%。采用硫酸浸出—铝板置换分离回收硫化钠浸出渣中的铟并制备海绵铟,铟的浸出率为71.83%。硫酸浸出渣中铅的主要以PbS的形式存在,可以作为铅冶炼的原料返回铅厂回收铅。     

High-Temperature Volatilization Mechanism of Stibnite in Nitrogen-Oxygen Atmospheres

The volatilization of stibnite (Sb₂S₃) in nitrogen and mixtures of nitrogen-oxygen was investigated in the temperature range 973 K to 1423 K (700 °C to 1150 °C). The overall volatilization reaction study was carried out using a thermogravimetric analysis technique under various gas flow rates. The results indicated that in an inert atmosphere, stibnite can be volatilized most efficiently as Sb₂S₃(g) with a linear rate up to about 1173 K (900 °C). At temperatures above 1223 K (950 °C), stibnite decomposes to antimony and sulfur gas, impairing the antimony volatilization. For linear behavior in nitrogen gas, kinetic constants were determined, and an activation energy of 134 kJ/mol was calculated for the volatilization reaction. However, in the presence of oxygen, antimony can be volatilized efficiently as valentinite (Sb₂O₃) at low oxygen concentrations (approximately 1 to 5 pct) at approximately 1173 K to 1223 K (900 °C to 950 °C); otherwise, at higher partial pressures of oxygen, the volatilization of antimony is limited by the formation of nonvolatile cervantite (SbO₂). In highly oxidizing atmospheres, a high vaporization of antimony could be achieved only at temperatures higher than 1423 K (1150 °C) where cervantite becomes unstable and decomposes into SbO(g) and 0.5O₂(g).     

Synergistic effect of FeS and ZnS content on the separation of lead and antimony for PbS–Sb<Subscript>2</Subscript>S<Subscript>3</Subscript>–ZnS–FeS quaternary system under water vapor atmosphere

Synergistic effect of FeS and ZnS content on the separation of lead and antimony for PbS–Sb₂S₃–ZnS–FeS quaternary system under water vapor atmosphere has been studed in this paper. The results indicate that FeS can and ZnS can inhibit the volatilization of PbS. Inhibition effect of FeS is superior to that of ZnS to the volatilization of PbS. As to Sb₂S₃, FeS can inhibite the volatilization of Sb₂S₃, but ZnS can promote the volatilization of Sb₂S₃. Inhibition effect of FeS is superior to that of ZnS to the volatilization of Sb₂S₃.