电沉积RE-Ni-W-B-SiC复合镀层的性能

研究了ＲＥ－Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｂ－ＳｉＣ复合材料的耐磨性和耐蚀性．结果表明,在适当的镀液组成及工艺条件下,可获得组成为ＲＥ－Ｎｉ－Ｗ－４８％Ｂ－１５％ＳｉＣ的复合材料镀层．在镀液中加入少量稀土,能提高复合镀层的硬度和耐磨性;热处理温度对复合材料镀层的硬度和耐磨性有较大的影响,硬度和耐磨性随热处理温度的升高而增加．当热处理温度达到４００℃时,复合镀层的硬度达到最佳值,耐磨性在５００℃时为最好．磨损实验表明,在相同条件下,复合材料镀层的耐磨性是硬铬的４～５倍;腐蚀实验表明,复合材料镀层在各种腐蚀介质（硝酸除外）中的耐蚀性均优于１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢．     

电沉积非晶态Ni—W—P—SiC复合镀层性能研究

讨论了热处理温度对非晶态Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ－ＳｉＣ复合镀层硬度、耐磨性和结构的影响。结果表明，复合镀层在３００℃以下为非晶态，在３００～４００℃之间为混晶，４００℃开始晶化，并析出细小的Ｎｉ３Ｐ相，在镀液中加入少量的添加剂，能提高复合镀层的硬度，耐磨性和晶化温度，复合镀层的硬度和耐磨性随热处理温度的升高而增加，当热处理温度达到４００℃时，硬度和耐磨性达到峰值，腐蚀试验表明复合镀层在各种腐蚀介质（硝酸除外     

电沉积非晶态Ni－W－P－SiC复合镀层性能研究

讨论了热处理温度对非晶态Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ－ＳｉＣ复合镀层硬度、耐磨性和结构的影响。结果表明，复合镀层在３００℃以下为晶态，在３００～４００℃之间为混晶，４００℃开始晶化，并析出细小的Ｎｉ＿３Ｐ相；在镀液中加入少量的添加剂，能提高复合镀层的硬度、耐磨性和晶化温度；复合镀层的硬度和耐磨性随热处理温度的升高而增加，当热处理温度达到４００℃时，硬度和耐磨性达到峰值；腐蚀试验表明复合镀层在各种腐蚀介质（硝酸除外）中的耐蚀性优于１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢；扫描电子显微镜表明，添加剂的加入对复合镀层的表面形貌无影响，但电流密度和ｐＨ值的大小对复合镀层的表面形貌影响较大。     

电沉积Ni－W－SiC复合镀层工艺

讨论了工艺参数对镀层成份的影响，同时还讨论了热处理对Ｎｉ－Ｗ－ＳｉＣ复合镀层组织、结构、硬度和耐磨性的影响。结果表明，采用电沉积工艺可得到含Ｎｉ５０％～５５％、Ｗ４２％～４５．４％和ＳｉＣ３％～７．６％的复合镀层。Ｎｉ－Ｗ－ＳｉＣ复合镀层在镀态时为非晶态，经５００℃×１ｈ或氮、碳共渗后，镀层已晶化，产生了镍固溶体和少量的γ－（ＦｅＮｉ）相，经氮、碳共渗后，还有ＷＣ相和Ｎｉ＿４ｗ相。ＳｉＣ微粒的加入，显著地增加了Ｎｉ－Ｗ合金层的硬度和耐磨性。经氨、碳共渗后的复合镀层的硬度和耐磨性优于其他镀层。     

SiC微粒对Ni-W-SiC复合镀层工艺及性能的影响

讨论了工艺参数对镀层成份的影响及热处理方式对Ｎｉ－Ｗ－ＳｉＣ复合镀层组织结构、硬度和耐磨性的影响．结果表明，采用电沉积工艺，可得到含Ｎｉ５０～５５％、Ｗ４２～４５．４％、ＳｉＣ３．０～７．６％的复合镀层．ＮｉＷＳｉＣ复合镀层在镀态时为非晶态，经５００℃热处理１ｈ或氮碳共渗后，镀层已晶化，产生了镍固溶体和少量的－ＦｅＮｉ相，经氮碳共渗后还有ＷＣ和ＷＮ相．ＳｉＣ微粒的加入显著地提高了Ｎｉ－Ｗ合金层的硬度和耐磨性．经氮碳共渗后的复合镀层，其硬度和耐磨性优于其它镀层．     

钢领化学镀Ni—P—PTFE工艺实践

提出细纱机钢领化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ－ＰＴＦＥ工艺及其维护管理，Ｎｉ－Ｐ－ＰＴＦＥ复合镀层具有优良的润滑、耐磨、耐蚀性能，硬度高、摩擦系数小。     

电沉积CeO2-Ni-W-P-SiC复合镀层组织结构的研究

稀土元素因其独特的理化性能而被广泛应用于材料科学领域。为得到理想的复合材料,在Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ－ＳｉＣ复合电镀液中加入稀土氧化物二氧化铈制得ＣｅＯ２－Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ０ＳｉＣ复合镀层。利用电子探针Ｘ射线能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和Ｘ射线衍射仪分析了镀层成分、形貌及组织结构。镀层中含４％～７％碳化硅和５％～１４％二氧化铈,在镀态下为蜚 晶态,在２００℃时开始晶化,至５００℃时一转变为晶态,热处理对镀层表面形貌远     

化学法制取RE—Ni—B—Al2O3复合镀层及其性能研究

提出ＲＥ－Ｎｉ－Ｂ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３化学复合镀溶液和工艺条件，以获得Ｂ４．８ｗｔ％、ＲＥ０．４５ｗｔ％、Ａｌ２Ｏ３６．２ｗｔ％的复合镀层。分析镀液中ＲＥ（稀土）、Ａｌ２Ｏ３浓度、搅拌速度、温度对镀速、复合镀层Ａｌ２Ｏ３共析量、硬度和耐磨性的影响，使用Ｘ射线衍射仪和扫描电镜观察镀层微观形貌。稀土的加入可以提高晶化温度和镀层性能。在热处理中复合镀层晶变过程为非晶态－混晶态－晶态，在３５０℃、５００℃热处理１     

一种金属陶瓷复合镀层的研究与应用

研究了电镀法制取Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ－ＳｉＣ金属陶瓷复合镀层的工艺。探讨了各种工艺参数及热处理对镀层的成份及物理化学性能的影响。热处理温度高达４００℃时，镀层由非晶态转化为晶态，硬度１７００Ｈｖ，磨损率为１．３５ｍｇ／ｋｍ，在多种腐蚀介质中耐蚀性均优于１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢。     

添加聚四氟乙烯对化学沉积复使度层性能的影响

在化学镀Ｃｕ（Ｎｉ）－Ｐ合金镀液中添加碳化硅和聚国烯制得Ｃｕ（Ｎｉ）－Ｐ－ＳｉＣ－ＰＴＥＥ复合镀层。研究了碳化硅、聚四氟乙烯的添加量对镀层沉积速度、硬度、磨损及减摩性能的影响。结果表明：碳化硅和聚四氟乙烯的加入能提高Ｃｕ（Ｎｉ）－Ｐ合金镀层的沉积速度、硬度、耐磨及减摩性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。