基于强度折减的加筋软土路堤边坡稳定分析

现行的加筋路堤稳定分析方法无法真实反映土工织物垫层对软土路堤稳定性的贡献,使计算的安全系数提高很少.利用基于强度折减的边坡稳定分析方法,模拟筋材与土体的相互作用,可分析加筋软土路堤的边坡稳定性.建议取边坡无量纲位移突变时刻对应的强度折减系数作为安全系数.经过三茂铁路路堤验算,计算的安全系数与传统加筋路堤稳定分析方法相比大幅提高,并与实测结果较为符合.最后,利用本文给出方法计算复合加筋排水褥垫加固路堤的稳定性.     

加筋土桥台台背土压力的试验研究

为了对比在桥台填土施工中,铺设土工格栅对减小桥台土压力的作用,在宁淮高速公路东一道跨线桥桥台填土施工中,东侧桥台填土中未铺设土工格栅,西侧桥台填土中铺设土工格栅,对其桥台台背土压力进行长时间观测,分析了土压力随时间的变化、土压力随填土高度的变化以及填土完成后土压力的大小与分布情况。分析结果表明,台背土压力沿桥台深度方向呈非线性分布;土压力随着至桥台顶部距离的增大而增加,但到达一定深度后,随着深度的增加,土压力反而减小;铺设土工格栅能明显降低桥台台背的土压力。     

基于强度折减法的隧洞稳定性分析

采用强度折减法对单洞及双洞在未施加支护锚杆及施加支护锚杆后的围岩稳定性进行了分析。结果表明:强度折减法可以很直观定量地反映单隧洞或者双隧洞在不加锚杆或者施加锚杆后围岩的稳定安全系数,为隧洞的设计及施工提供借鉴。     

基于强度折减有限元法分析边坡稳定性

针对目前普遍采用传统极限分析法对边坡进行稳定性分析存在不考虑土体内部的应力-应变关系,且无法了解边坡的渐进变形和滑动破坏之间存在何种关系,基于大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS软件,根据强度折减法概念、弹塑性有限元技术原理以及极限平衡原理,提出了一种权衡实用性与精准性的边坡安全系数计算方法。通过对实际工程中的土质边坡稳定性进行了分析,并以场变量的形式将折减系数赋值给ABAQUS,能够利用ABAQUS动态图形显示功能了解边坡塑性区的形成和演化过程。当塑性区从坡脚到坡顶贯通,并且伴随着位移和应变发生突变时,则此时边坡就处于临界破坏状态,取该折减系数的值作为边坡的最小稳定安全系数。结果表明,与传统极限平衡法相比,采用ABAQUS强度有限元法计算的安全系数值略高于前者计算的结果,但差异不大。该方法能够准确预测滑动面位置和精确算出稳定安全系数,适用于工程实践。     

基于强度折减法的深基坑开挖坑底稳定性分析

基于强度折减法,对基坑的稳定性问题进行了分析,讨论了影响基坑稳定性的主要因素,分析表明：利用强度折减有限元方法得到的安全系数要高于传统的极限平衡方法计算得到的坑底稳定安全系数,土体渗透系数、围护结构插入深度等对安全系数均有影响。     

基于强度折减法的边坡稳定性分析

在分析了强度折减法的基本原理、安全系数、屈服准则的基础上,通过FLAC3D软件对西部某在建公路工程边坡的典型断面进行了建模计算,通过对其滑动面及安全系数的分析可知,填土层的反压作用对边坡整体稳定性有较大的影响;采取的开挖方案不会影响母岩的稳定性,还可有效地提高开挖断面的稳定性。     

基于强度折减有限元法分析边坡稳定性

将大型有限元软件ABAQUS与强度有限元法相结合,采用特征点位移增量的突变及塑性区的贯通作为边坡失稳破坏准则,对边坡失稳过程进行了数值模拟与分析。当边坡上特征点的位移发生突变和塑性区贯通时,边坡处于临界破坏状态,此时的折减系数即为边坡的最小安全系数。通过算例分析,并与Slope软件计算得到的安全系数进行了对比,验证了该方法的合理性与可行性。同时,利用ABAQUS的后处理功能,对边坡的失稳破坏过程进行了数值模拟,分析了边坡破坏机制和破坏阶段。     

基于强度折减有限元法的边坡稳定性分析

将大型有限元软件ABAQUS与强度有限元法相结合,采用特征点位移增量的突变及塑性区的贯通作为边坡失稳破坏准则,对边坡失稳过程进行了数值模拟与分析,通过算例分析,并与Slope软件计算得到的安全系数进行对比,验证了该方法的合理性与可行性。     

基于强度折减法的边坡稳定性三维有限元分析

将强度折减法应用于边坡稳定性分析中，折减土体强度，代入有限元程序进行计算，直至计算不收敛，此时的折减系数即为安全系数。将强度折减法应用于边坡稳定性的三维分析，结合工程实例，基于强度折减法的边坡稳定性有限元法和传统极限平衡法的计算结果，对边坡稳定性二维分析和三维分析的结果进行了对比，表明基于强度折减法的边坡稳定性三维有限元分析是可行的。在边坡稳定性分析中，为得到更符合实际情况的结果，在有条件的前提下宜补充进行边坡稳定性三维分析。     

基于强度折减法的节理岩质边坡稳定性分析

边坡稳定性直接关系到露天金属矿山的安全开采,鹿鸣露天矿采区北帮、东北帮边坡节理裂隙发育,一直处于缓慢变形的状态,为分析该采区稳定性,本文根据工程地质条件、边坡几何形状和边坡面倾向等要素,进行了采场边坡分区。采用FLAC 3D软件在研究区域选取2个典型剖面进行了边坡稳定强度折减法分析。结果表明：北区节理岩质边坡剖面处于极限平衡状态,风化岩层的赋存状态及边坡高度对边坡的安全有较大影响,需重点关注风化岩层及局部破碎岩体,塑性应变区主要集中在顶部风化二长花岗岩层,范围较为集中,使边坡发生局部性破坏。东北区剖面处整体稳定性相较北区高,塑性应变区主要集中在碎裂状二长花岗岩层与块状二长花岗岩层,且贯通为连续塑性滑移带,使边坡发生整体性破坏。     

Evaluation of K-Stiffness Method for Vertical Geosynthetic Reinforced Granular Soil Walls in Japan

In this paper the K-stiffness Method as originally proposed by Allen et al. (2003) is re-examined using a total of six new case studies-five from Japan and one from the USA. A common feature of the walls in this new data set is that the walls were all constructed with a vertical face and a granular backfill. However, the walls varied widely with respect to facing type. This new data set together with data for vertical walls previously published by Allen and Bathurst (2002a,b) and Allen et al. (2002) is now used to isolate the effect of the facing stiffness factor on reinforcement loads and to adjust the original equation that was developed to calculate its value. The paper also shows that predicted reinforcement loads using the current AASHTO Simplified Method in the USA and the current PWRC method in Japan give the same reinforcement load predictions, and both grossly over-estimate the values deduced from measured strains. The new data set is used to slightly refine the estimate of the facing stiffness factor used in the original K-stiffness Method. The original and modified K-stiffness Method are demonstrated to quantitatively improve the estimate of the magnitude and distribution of reinforcement loads for internal stability design of vertical-faced geosynthetic reinforced soils walls with granular backfills when compared to the current American and Japanese methods.     

填埋场边坡土工衬垫结构的稳定性分析方法

本文针对现代卫生填埋场典型的防渗衬垫结构,分析了边坡衬垫破坏的原因和形式,结合计算分析了常用土工材料对边坡稳定的影响,并对不同条件下土工材料的选用以及工程设计中的一些注意事项提出了建议。     

土钉墙稳定性分析的滑动楔块法

本文在回顾土钉挡墙内部稳定性研究历史的基础上,把滑动楔块法引入至内部稳定性分析中,推导了稳定性分析公式,利用所编制的程序分析了法国Ｃｌｏｕｔｅｒｅ研究项目中一号试验墙并与实测结果进行对比,说明了此法可用于土钉挡墙稳定性分析中。     

Simplified Procedure to Evaluate Earthquake-Induced Residual Displacement of Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls

Based on a series of shaking table model tests, it was found that the effects of 1) subsoil and backfill deformation, 2) failure plane formation in backfill, and 3) pullout resistance mobilized by the reinforcements on the seismic behaviors of the geosynthetic reinforced soil retaining walls (GRS walls) were significant. These effects cannot be taken into account in the conventional pseudo-static based limit equilibrium analyses or Newmark's rigid sliding block analogy, which are usually adopted as the seismic design procedure. Therefore, this study attempts to develop a simplified procedure to evaluate earthquake-induced residual displacement of GRS walls by reflecting the knowledge on the seismic behaviors of GRS walls obtained from the shaking table model tests. In the proposed method, 1) the deformation characteristics of subsoil and backfill are modeled based on the model test results and 2) the effect of failure plane formation is considered by using residual soil strength after the failure plane formation while the peak soil strength is used before the failure plane formation, and 3) the effect of the pullout resistance mobilized by the reinforcement is also introduced by evaluating the pullout resistance based on the results from the pullout tests of the reinforcements. By using the proposed method, simulations were performed on the shaking table model test results conducted under a wide variety of testing conditions and good agreements between the calculated and measured displacements were observed.     

Performance monitoring of Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Integrated Bridge System (GRS-IBS) in Louisiana

The Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) Integrated Bridge System (IBS) is an alternative design method to the conventional bridge support technology. Closely spaced layers of geosynthetic reinforcement and compacted granular fill material can provide direct bearing support for structural bridge members if designed and constructed properly. This new technology has a number of advantages including reduced construction time and cost, generally fewer construction difficulties, and easier maintenance over the life cycle of the structure. These advantages have led to a significant increase in the rate of construction of GRS-IBS structures in recent years. This paper presents details on the instrumentation plan, short-term behavior monitoring, and experiences gained from the implementation of the first GRS-IBS project in Louisiana. The monitoring program consisted of measuring bridge deformations, settlements, strains along the reinforcement, vertical and horizontal stresses within the abutment, and pore water pressures. In this paper, the performance of instrumentation sensors was evaluated to improve future instrumentation programs. Measurements from the instrumentations also provide valuable information to evaluate the design procedure and the performance of GRS-IBS bridges. The instrumentation readings showed that the magnitude and distribution of strains along the reinforcements vary with depth. The locus of maximum strains in the abutment varied by the surcharge load and time that did not corresponds to the (45+?/2) line, especially after the placement of steel girders. A comparison was made between the measured and theoretical value of thrust forces on the facing wall. The results indicated that the predicted loads by the bin pressure theory were close to the measured loads in the lower level of abutment. However, the bin pressure theory under predicted the thrust loads in the upper layers with reduced reinforcement spacing. In general, the overall performance of the GRS-IBS was within acceptable tolerance in terms of measured strains, stresses, settlements and deformations.     

边坡锚固工程分析中的水平条分法

对目前中国规范推荐用于边坡加固计算的垂直条分传递系数法进行研究,发现将该方法用于边坡锚固受力分析时,不仅存在垂直条块与加固结构体(锚杆和锚索)相互交叉,而且计算得出的锚固力与加固体的实际锚固力存在偏差等缺陷。在相关资料提出的、用于加筋土稳定性分析的水平条分法基础上,结合边坡锚固工程的特点,将该水平条分法做进一步拓展,使其能适用于锚杆和锚索等边坡锚固工程的稳定性计算,并通过工程实例对拓展后的水平条分法进行了验证。     

加筋路堤边坡稳定非线性有限元分析方法探讨

针对极限平衡理论方法难以合理分析复杂结构边坡的事实,本文在非线性有限元方法的基础上,考虑了加筋路堤边坡内不同材料单元形式的本构模型,并在土．织物之间设置接触面单元,以模拟在接触面上可能产生的错动滑移。利用强度折减法进行稳定分析,为保证有限元迭代计算的收敛,引入弧长控制法自动调整土体强度参数的折减量,以求得精确的安全系数值。最后通过一路堤工程的计算分析,表明加筋后不仅可以改善坡内的应力分布,提高安全系数,而且使得最危险滑弧的形状大小及位置都发生改变,提高了整体稳定性,从而验证了本文方法分析加筋土坡的可行性。     

Analysis of the Performance of Sand Cushions Reinforced with Horizontal Geosynthetic Elements

Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering - The problem of improving foundation bases in strongly deformable and structurally unstable soils is examined. A design is proposed for a sand cushion...     

基于蒙特卡罗法的土坡稳定可靠度分析

采用可靠度分析的蒙特卡罗法,对土坡稳定可靠度进行了分析,并以工程事例为例,讨论了计算模型以及土性参数的均值和变异系数对可靠指标的不同影响,并对可靠指标和安全系数度量土坡稳定的合理性进行了一定的比较。     

基于单纯形-有限随机追踪法的边坡稳定性分析

有限随机追踪法在边坡稳定性分析中的全局搜索能力,为边坡稳定性分析提供了新的思想。本文主要将单纯形法的局部搜索能力与有限随机追踪法的全局搜索能力有机结合起来,形成单纯形-有限随机追踪法优化算法,并利用改进Bishop算法对边坡进行稳定性分析,最终得到边坡稳定性系数的全局最优解。依据上述思想编制了边坡稳定性分析程序,并对边坡工程进行稳定性分析与评价。研究结果表明:根据单纯形-有限随机追踪法优化算法计算得到的边坡稳定性系数是全局最优解,具有较高的精度,单纯形-有限随机追踪法优化算法具有较强的全局搜索能力,分析结果可靠。