两种排列方式光纤传像束的像质评价

根据调制传递函数对比度定义,推导了线列光纤传像束调制传递函数(MTF)的数理关系,建立了光纤直径有随机误差的线列光纤传像束MTF仿真模型,对MTF进行数值分析。通过考虑在光纤传像束中输入信号与光纤的位相匹配对MTF的影响,分析了V型槽排列和紧密排列两种不同方式的光纤传像束的平均MTF。结果显示,有随机误差的光纤束的平均MTF值分别分布于理想传像束平均MTF曲线附近,表明了光纤自身的误差对传像束的平均MTF影响不大;V型槽排列的线列光纤束的像质优于紧密排列方式的线列光纤束。     

用于大截面传像光纤束的折衍混合光学系统设计

在大截面传像束前置光学物镜设计中,采用“负-正”型式的像方远心光路结构,很好地解决了镜头轴外像差校正和像面照度均匀性问题,同时使镜头结构紧凑、小型化。给出了前置物镜设计实例:工作波长0.8~1.1μm,焦距5mm,相对孔径为1:3.84,光学长度为47mm,视场角为60°。在光学耦接镜设计中采用物方远心光路结构,引入二元光学透镜,通过理论计算和ZEMAX光学软件优化,给出工作波长0.8~1.1μm,焦距33.6mm,光学长度为63.5mm,采用一个衍射面的耦接镜设计实例。该设计结果适用于单丝直径16μm,截面直径6mm的光纤传像束。     

酸溶法柔性光纤传像束的玻璃组成及性能

酸溶法柔性光纤传像束的单丝由芯料、皮料和酸溶玻璃构成。本文首先分别探讨了皮料玻璃的组成、化学稳定性和折射率以及酸溶玻璃的组成、酸溶特性和析晶性能。然后重点分析了芯料、皮料和酸溶玻璃的性能和工作参数的匹配问题。研究结果表明:皮料玻璃的混合碱效应不仅可以提高玻璃的化学稳定性,而且有利于提高光纤的机械强度。同时,控制酸溶玻璃中B2O3/SiO2比例可以较好地兼顾玻璃的酸溶特性和抗析晶性能。此外,酸溶法单丝作业芯、皮、酸溶玻璃工艺参数的匹配,不仅要求缩小它们在成纤温度范围内的粘度差异,而且应尽可能保持稳定的粘度比值。CDG2皮料玻璃、ASG2酸溶玻璃以及商用芯料玻璃的物理化学性质以及工作参数的匹配性可以满足柔性光纤传像束的要求。     

测量光纤传象束疲劳特性新型光电检测装置的研究

光纤传象束是由数万根单丝直径为十微米左右的光纤组成.初始时断丝都很少,由于在使用过程中不断的弯曲,当弯曲超过一定次数时,就会因为疲劳而产生断丝,严重影响传象的质量.当断丝超过允许范围时,就不能正常使用.因此为了测量光纤传象束的疲劳特性以及对其使用寿命做出科学的词价,本文提出了测量光纤传象束疲劳特性的比较先进的方法.并设计了一种装置,它是采用步进电机驱动与控制、特种光源、光学显微装置、彩色监视系统及自动记数装置等几部分组成,文中介绍了该装置的组成结构、设计要求及测试原理,分析了影响各部分的作用及工作情况.本装置精度的一些因素.     

低损耗As-S玻璃光纤的制备与应用研究

采用反复蒸馏提纯技术和开放式动态蒸馏相结合的工艺, 制备了高纯As-S玻璃, 基本消除了玻璃在2.9、4和6.3 μm处的杂质吸收。利用旋转法制备出壁厚均匀、表面质量优异的硫系玻璃套管。采用棒管法拉制出丝径50 μm, 芯径40 μm具有芯包结构的硫系玻璃光纤。拉制的As-S光纤机械性能和光学性能优异, 光纤丝径波动小于1%, 弯曲半径优于4 mm, 中红外波段损耗基线小于0.5 dB/m。制备出像元呈正方形排列, 出端规格64×9, 入端规格192×3, 用于线-面转换的红外传像束, 像束断丝率为2.7%。利用该异型传像束成功实现了长线阵的红外推扫成像。     

改进提升小波变换的空间频率比图像融合

提出了一种新型图像融合算法.该算法在提升小波变换的基础上,通过取消其奇偶分裂环节,得到具有平移不变性的非采样提升小波变换.对图像经非采样提升小波变换后的低频分量首先定义一种空间频率比,再通过空间频率比来计算融合因子,然后采用加权与选择相结合的方法对低频分量进行融合.高频分量直接选择一种基于边缘信息的加权融合方法.最后通过非采样提升小波逆变换重构得到融合图像.实验结果显示,该算法相对传统的图像融合算法能更好地描述灰度的突变信息,获得含有丰富细节特征的融合图像.     

基于S变换和时频谱空间滤波的超声缺陷回波检测方法EI北大核心CSCD

缺陷回波的检测是超声探伤的一项重要内容,为减弱噪声的影响准确检测缺陷回波,提出基于S变换时频分析和时频谱空间滤波的信号处理方法。讨论了高斯回波模型下的到达时间和中心频率与S变换时频谱的关系,说明了利用S变换时频谱幅值矩阵的极值提取回波到达时间和中心频率的合理性;为检测回波,首先对原始信号作S变换,然后对得到的时频谱幅值矩阵应用最大熵法自适应选择去噪阈值,对S变换时频谱作空间滤波完成降噪;从降噪后的区域中提取反映缺陷的到达时间和中心频率;对降噪后的时频谱作S逆变换,获得缺陷回波明显的时域信号。仿真研究表明,基于S变换和时频谱空间滤波的方法能够有效去除噪声,检测回波。棒材试块的实验结果同样表明了该方法在缺陷检测上的有效性。     

空间变换双靶面成像系统图像配准

针对熔池及熔池前区相连焊缝的双靶面成像系统,采用特征基点标识及基于空间变换的方法,建立双靶面成像系统的图像配准模型。在图像配准模型中应用最小二乘法确定配准模型中的参数,并通过实验证明该方法能够快速、准确地实现图像配准并应用到实际的双靶面成像系统中去,为实现焊接过程中熔池相对焊缝中心偏离量的监测创造条件。     

基于YCoCg-R颜色空间与离散余弦变换的自适应彩色图像水印算法

目的为了解决当前彩色图像水印技术的水印容量和不可感知性不佳等问题,设计基于YC_oC_g-R颜色空间和离散余弦变换的自适应图像水印算法。方法首先,将载体图像从RGB空间转换到YC_oC_g-R空间,计算Y,C_o,C_g这3个颜色分量;随后,引入离散余弦变换DCT对Y分量进行处理,获取相应的DCT系数;引入模糊聚类分析,将DCT低频系数视为局部特征,利用SVM机制对DCT低频系数进行训练分类,确定出适合嵌入水印的DCT系数;设计水印嵌入机制,将水印数据隐藏到合适的DCT低频系数中;借助可逆DCT方法,将Y分量从频域变换到空域;联合初始的C_o与C_g分量,将其变换到RGB空间,输出水印图像;最后,通过相应的水印提取方法,复原初始水印信息。结果测试数据表明,与当前水印方法相比,所提技术具有更高的不可感知性与水印容量,其水印图像的PSNR值为43.67 dB,且其允许的水印容量可超过1 bits,在多种攻击下,复原水印的质量更高,相关系数NC均超过了0.92。结论所提技术能够较好地将水印信息隐藏在载体图像中,具有较高的鲁棒性和安全性。     

Tensile behavior of carbon fiber bundles at different strain rates

Quasi-static and high strain rate tensile tests have been performed on T700 carbon fiber bundles and complete stress-strain curves at the strain rate range of 0.001 s^− 1 to 1300 s^− 1 were obtained. Results show that strain rate has negligible effect on both ultimate strength and failure strain, and T700 carbon fiber can be regarded as strain rate insensitive materials. On the basis of the fiber bundles model and the statistic theory of fiber strength, a damage constitutive model based on Weibull distribution function has been developed to describe tensile behavior of T700 fiber bundles. And the method to determine the statistic parameters of fibers by tensile tests of fiber bundles is established, too.     

傅里叶变换同轴数字全息记录余弦变换谱系数

余弦变换广泛应用于图像和视频的压缩编码以及模式识别之中。余弦变换为实偶对称的傅里叶变换,把实偶对称物体传送到位于傅里叶变换透镜前焦面的空间光调制器上,采用单色均匀平面激光光波照射,则在后焦面上为光波复振幅分布为实偶对称物体的傅里叶变换,即为物体的余弦变换。由于余弦变换谱系数既有正实数又有负实数,提出了采用傅里叶变换同轴数字全息方法记录余弦变换谱系数,通过把数字全息图减去参考光光强和物光光强而得到余弦变换系数。理论推导和实验结果表明了该方法的可行性,该方法可应用于图像的快速余弦变换。     

高性能纤维束纤维尺度横向压缩数值模拟

为深入研究高性能纤维束纤维尺度横向压缩过程及变形机制,基于ANSYS有限元数值分析平台,采用APDL编程语言,在纤维尺度建立了高性能纤维束具有统计意义的三维数值生长模型。该模型考虑了纤维束内部纤维的随机分布与偏转及纤维之间在三维空间不产生相互贯穿的物理特性。利用数值模拟方法研究了纤维束在横向压缩时的变形情况,不仅获得了与纤维束压缩实验一致的非线性变形过程,而且得到了压力与纤维体积含量的定量关系,与经典的理论预测进行对比,获得了较好的支持。     

Study of strength and its reliability of SiC fiber bundle by experimental and Monte-Carlo simulation approach

Tensile tests and Monte-Carlo simulation on the strength and its reliability of the SiC_CVD (formed by chemical vapor deposition) fiber bundle were performed. The experimental and simulation results were compared and analyzed by fiber bundle strength theories. The experimental results showed that the strength of the SiC_CVD fiber bundle was decreased as the number of fibers in the bundle was increased; while in the process, Weibull shape parameter of the bundle strength was increased. The experimental results were in good agreement with the Monte-Carlo simulation. In addition, Monte-Carlo simulation was used to clarify the detailed relationship between the strength of the SiC_CVD bundle and the number of fibers in the bundle and the simulation results were compared with that of Coleman theory. The comparison revealed that the strength of the SiC_CVD bundle converged to the value of Coleman theory as the number of fibers in the bundle increased; at the same time, the rate of convergence was increased as Weibull shape parameter was increased. Furthermore, the relationship between the strength of the SiC_CVD fiber bundle and Weibull shape parameter of the SiC_CVD fiber strength was also examined. It was found that the strength of the SiC_CVD fiber bundle increased as Weibull shape parameter was increased although the number of fibers in the bundle was countable. Finally, the breaking-down process and the number of broken-fibers in the bundle depended on the number of fibers the bundle and Weibull shape parameter of the SiC_CVD fiber strength.     

新型X型射线影像增强系统分辨率数学模型

课题组设计了新型的X射线影像增强系统。由于它是由多个光电器件级联而成的链状成像系统,在组成器件之间存在着一定的分辨率函数关系,并且这种函数关系会随着成像视野的变化而变化．鉴于此种关系,建立了系统的分辨率数学模型,对多种器件组合效果进行理论分析。结果表明分辨率理论计算值和实验测量值比较吻合,所以分辨率数学模型节省了系统的设计时间和费用,对提高系统分辨率起着理论指导作用。     

Influence of silica fume content on microstructure development and bond to steel fiber in ultra-high strength cement-based materials (UHSC)

The use of silica fume can significantly enhance mechanical properties of concrete given its beneficial filling and pozzolanic effects. In this study, a simple and effective double-side pullout testing method was adopted to characterize the interfacial bond properties, which include pullout load-slip relationship, bond strength, and pullout energy, of steel fiber-matrix in ultra-high strength cement-based material (UHSC) with 0–25% silica fume by the mass of binder. The effects of silica fume content on flowability, heat of hydration, compressive and flexural strengths, hydration products, and pore structure of matrix at different curing time were evaluated as well. Backscatter scanning electron microscopy (BSEM) and micro-hardness measurement were used to examine the quality of interfacial transition zone (ITZ) around the fiber. In terms of the results, the optimal silica fume content could be in the range of 15%–25%. UHSC mixtures with these dosages of silica fume showed significant improvement in pullout behavior. Its bond strength and pullout energy at 28 d could increase by 170% and 250% compared to the reference samples without any silica fume. The microstructural observation verified the findings on the macro-properties development. Formation of more and higher strength of hydration products and refinement of ITZ around the fiber ensured higher micro-hardness, and thus improved the bond to fiber.     

石板坡长江大桥多通道光纤珐珀应变测量系统

应变是表征桥梁安全状态的重要指标。依据光纤珐珀应变传感器的特点以及石板坡长江大桥的实际情况,设计出多通道光纤珐珀应变测量系统。该测量系统成功地实现了光纤、光电测量技术、计算机技术和土木工程技术的交叉融合,实现了大型连续桥梁应变自动测量。运行结果表明,该测量系统具有一定的可行性和可靠性。     

Experimental studies on damage detection of beam structures with wavelet transform

Experimental studies are reported for crack detection of a beam structure under a static displacement with the spatial wavelet transform. An invisible perturbation in the deflection profile of the beam at the crack position due to its existence would be induced. Such a small perturbation will be discerned or amplified through a wavelet transform such that a detection of crack location becomes possible practically. To realize this, the static profile of a cracked cantilever aluminum beam subjected to a static displacement at its free end is analyzed with Gabor wavelet to identify the crack. The damage detection of the beam with different crack depths is conducted. The spatial wavelet transform is proven to be effective in identifying the damage area even when the crack depth is around 26% of the thickness of the beam.     

A probabilistic method for the detection of obstructed cracks of beam-type structures using spatial wavelet transform

This paper reports both the theoretical development and the numerical verification of a practical wavelet-based crack detection method, which identifies first the number of cracks and then the corresponding crack locations and extents. The value of the proposed method lies in its ability to detect obstructed cracks when measurement at or close to the cracked region is not possible. In such situations, most nonmodel-based methods, which rely on the abnormal change of certain indicators (e.g., curvature and strain mode shapes) at or close to the cracks, cannot be used. Most model-based methods follow the model updating approach. That is, they treat the crack location and extent as model parameters and identify them by minimizing the discrepancy between the modelled and measured dynamic responses. Most model-based methods in the literature can only be used in single- or multi-crack cases with a given number of cracks. One of the objectives of this paper is to develop a model-based crack detection method that is applicable in a general situation when the number of cracks is not known in advance.

To explicitly handle the uncertainties associated with measurement noise and modelling error, the proposed method uses the Bayesian probabilistic approach. In particular, the method aims to calculate the posterior (updated) probability density function (PDF) of the crack locations and the corresponding extents.

The proposed wavelet-based crack detection method is verified and demonstrated through a comprehensive series of numerical case studies, in which noisy data were generated by a Bernoulli–Euler beam with semi-rigid connections. The results show that the method can correctly identify the number of cracks even when the crack extent is small. The effects of the number of cracks and the crack extents on the results of crack detection are also studied and discussed in this paper.     

Spatial regression analysis of traffic crashes in Seoul

Traffic crashes can be spatially correlated events and the analysis of the distribution of traffic crash frequency requires evaluation of parameters that reflect spatial properties and correlation. Typically this spatial aspect of crash data is not used in everyday practice by planning agencies and this contributes to a gap between research and practice. A database of traffic crashes in Seoul, Korea, in 2010 was developed at the traffic analysis zone (TAZ) level with a number of GIS developed spatial variables. Practical spatial models using available software were estimated. The spatial error model was determined to be better than the spatial lag model and an ordinary least squares baseline regression. A geographically weighted regression model provided useful insights about localization of effects.The results found that an increased length of roads with speed limit below 30 km/h and a higher ratio of residents below age of 15 were correlated with lower traffic crash frequency, while a higher ratio of residents who moved to the TAZ, more vehicle-kilometers traveled, and a greater number of access points with speed limit difference between side roads and mainline above 30 km/h all increased the number of traffic crashes. This suggests, for example, that better control or design for merging lower speed roads with higher speed roads is important. A key result is that the length of bus-only center lanes had the largest effect on increasing traffic crashes. This is important as bus-only center lanes with bus stop islands have been increasingly used to improve transit times. Hence the potential negative safety impacts of such systems need to be studied further and mitigated through improved design of pedestrian access to center bus stop islands.