食品保鲜中的纳米技术及其安全性研究

介绍纳米粒子的特性,以及纳米粒子作为抗菌剂、用纳米材料制作各类保鲜膜两大方面综述纳米技术在食品保鲜中的应用,最后对其安全性进行概述.     

多糖类纳米可食性保鲜膜的研究进展

纳米可食性膜是通过纳米粒子与可食性高分子共振形成的一种天然、易降解的环保型包装材料。独特的纳米结构使其可搭载营养物质、功能性成分,对人体健康大有裨益。纳米可食性保鲜材料克服了传统石油基包装材料易造成环境危害,同时在机械性能、阻隔性能以及生物降解性等方面有着优势。综述了纳米可食性保鲜膜的研究进展,并对其作为食品保鲜材料的应用前景进行展望。     

从PVC风波谈食品无菌包装技术

随着人们生活品质的不断提高,食品安全也成了人们非常关心的问题。2005年下半年,电视、报纸、网络关于保鲜膜的报道可谓是满城风雨,吸引了众人的眼球。食品保鲜膜广泛用于食品、蔬菜外包装,如今却成了人们健康的杀手。从去年10月14日开始,国家质检总局对国内的食品保鲜膜市场进     

可食性降解抗菌保鲜膜的研究进展

食品贮藏过程中微生物引起的腐败是影响食品货架期的最重要的因素之一。为此,作为食品流通领域的重要成员,食品包装材料不仅应具有美观商品、便于运输等优点,对一些包装材料还要求具有抗菌、延长食品货架期的功能,并且本身具有安全性和可食用性,这就推动了人们对食品抗菌保鲜膜领域的研究。本文主要介绍了可食性、可降解性(抗菌)保鲜膜的概念、种类(多糖类、蛋白质类、脂类、复合膜类),抗菌剂的种类(有机抗菌剂、无机抗菌剂、天然抗菌剂、细菌素等);阐述了可食性、可降解抗菌保鲜膜的国内外研究现状;展望了可食性降解抗菌保鲜膜的未来发展趋势。本文期望为抗菌保鲜膜领域的研究提供一些新的思路。     

强制市场准入年内出台

去年的保鲜膜事件发生后，我国质检总局就专门针对保鲜膜发布了公告和消费警示，明确提醒消费者选购PE食品保鲜膜或标识“不含DEHA”的“PVC食品保鲜膜；禁止企业生产含有DEHA的PVC”保鲜膜，要求在产品外包装上标明产品的材质和适用范围，未标明“不含DELIA”字样的，未明示可以用微波炉等加热的，一律禁止销售和使用。     

日本采用新工艺研制出陶瓷塑料保鲜膜

日本一家公司生产了一种陶瓷塑料保鲜膜。这种新型保鲜膜是以聚乙烯树脂作基料，加入20％～30％的陶瓷粉末和特殊添加剂，再经稀释和膜化而制成的。用该保鲜膜包装食品时，通过陶瓷放出远红外线，使食品内部分子结构重新调整，保持食品中的水分和鲜度。实现保鲜作用。     

纳米食品的研究进展

纳米食品是指食品成分在纳米尺度下处理得到的纳米级食品,可利用物理法、化学法、生物降解法制备。与传统食品相比,纳米食品可提高其吸收率和生物利用率,还具有更高附加值和功能效用,应用前景广阔。然而,由于纳米尺度的特殊性,不健全的安全评价体系让纳米食品的安全性受到质疑。综述了纳米食品的加工方法、应用现状及安全性问题,并对其未来发展提出建议,以期为纳米食品的开发与应用提供参考。     

纳米级改性淀粉及食品应用研究进展

纳米级改性淀粉是特征尺度至少在一个维度上为纳米量级的改性淀粉,根据形态可分为淀粉纳米颗粒和淀粉纳米纤维两类。近年来,纳米级改性淀粉因其独特的纳米材料特性,以及原料来源广、可生物降解、生物相容性好等优点,在包装新材料、活性成分包埋、食品质地改良等方面具有重要的潜在应用价值,逐渐成为食品纳米科技研究的热点。文中在介绍淀粉纳米材料形态的基础上,进一步对纳米级改性淀粉的"自上而下"及"自下而上"2种制备方法及其性能改良方法进行阐述,并总结了纳米级改性淀粉的基本理化性质及在食品领域的研究应用。     

食品用塑料自粘保鲜膜标准发布

2009年1月23日,中国国家标准化管理委员会（SAC）发布了食品用塑料自粘保鲜膜的标准。规定了食品用塑料自粘保鲜膜的定义和术语、产品分类、标识、要求、检验方法、检验规则及标志、包装、运输、贮存。本标准适用于以聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯等树脂为主要原料,通过单层挤出或多层共挤的工艺生产的食品用塑料自粘保鲜膜。     

中国发布食品用塑料保鲜膜标准

2009年1月23日,中国国家标准化管理委员会（SAC）发布了食品用塑料自黏保鲜膜的标准。规定了食品用塑料自黏保鲜膜的定义和术语、产品分类、标识、要求、检验方法、检验规则及标志、包装、运输、贮存。本标准适用于以聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯等树脂为主要原料,通过单层挤出或多层共挤的工艺生产的食品用塑料自黏保鲜膜。     

壳聚糖食品保鲜膜抗菌性及其应用的研究进展

壳聚糖由于其良好的功能特性,近年来作为天然保鲜包装材料在各类食品的包装中已有大量的应用。该文章在对壳聚糖食品薄膜材料的抗菌机理总结的基础上,对近年来壳聚糖薄膜在食品的研究及应用现状进行了综述,并对壳聚糖食品薄膜的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

可食用抗菌膜在食品包装领域的应用及研究进展

保鲜贮藏技术在延长易腐食品的保质期方面具有重要作用,随着消费者环保和安全意识的增强,可食用抗菌包装膜因具有天然、无毒的良好特性而逐渐受到青睐。本文详细介绍可食用抗菌膜的基材、制备方法与抗菌剂的种类,并总结可食用抗菌膜在食品包装领域的实际应用,同时阐述未来抗菌功能食品包装的发展趋势。以期为减少白色塑料污染并为对工农业产生的废物进行回收和开发利用提供参考,同时为食品保鲜贮藏提供科学依据和理论基础。     

植物精油抗菌包装膜研究进展

植物精油作为天然来源的抑菌物质,在食品保鲜领域的应用越来越广泛。该文介绍其作为抗菌剂添加至聚合物基质中制备包装抗菌膜的研究现状,总结精油在膜材料中的构建方式、对膜物理性能、机械性能、抗菌性能的影响以及在食品保藏中的应用。指出植物精油抗菌膜材料存在的问题以及未来的研究重点和发展趋势,为精油抗菌膜的进一步发展提供思路。     

可食性抑菌膜在酱卤肉制品中的应用研究进展

酱卤肉制品在我国一直有着广阔的市场,为延长酱卤肉制品货架期,保证其安全美味,开发绿色环保、对人体无毒无害的保鲜技术势在必行。可食性膜是一种绿色无污染、可食用且易降解的保鲜材料,在抑制肉制品中微生物生长、减少肉制品水分流失方面有其独特优势,从而能够延长肉制品贮藏期。可食性膜与具有杀菌、抑菌效果的防腐保鲜剂相结合形成的可食性抑菌膜不仅能有效加强抑菌效果,而且减少了防腐保鲜剂直接作用于食品可能引起的危害,加大了食品安全性。本文综述我国酱卤肉制品保鲜中存在的基础问题、可食性抑菌膜概述及其在酱卤肉制品中的应用,并对可食性抑菌膜的发展前景进行展望,为酱卤肉制品防腐保鲜技术的发展和产业化应用提供理论依据。     

Copper-based nanoparticles for biopolymer-based functional films in food packaging applications

This review summarizes the latest developments in the design, fabrication, and application of various Cu-based nanofillers to prepare biopolymer-based functional packaging films, focusing on the effects of inorganic nanoparticles on the optical, mechanical, gas barrier properties, moisture sensitivity, and functional properties of the films. In addition, the potential application of Cu-based nanoparticle-added biopolymer films for fresh food preservation and the effect of nanoparticle migration on food safety were discussed. The incorporation of Cu-based nanoparticles improved the film properties with enhanced functional performance. Cu-based nanoparticles such as copper oxide, copper sulfide, copper ions, and copper alloys affect biopolymer-based films differently. The properties of composite films containing Cu-based nanoparticles depend on the concentration of the filler, the state of dispersion, and the interaction of the nanoparticles with the biopolymer matrix in the film. The composite film filled with Cu-based nanoparticles effectively extended the shelf life by maintaining the quality of various fresh foods and securing safety. However, studies on the migration characteristics and safety of copper-based nanoparticle food packaging films are currently being conducted on plastic-based films such as polyethylene, and research on bio-based films is limited.     

乳链菌肽对明胶-酪蛋白钙复合膜理化及抑菌特性的影响研究

本研究将不同浓度的乳链菌肽添加到明胶-酪蛋白钙中,开发出一系列可生物降解的乳链菌肽-明胶-酪蛋白钙抗菌复合膜,并对其力学特性、光学特性、表面形貌、抑菌活性和保鲜效果进行分析。结果表明:加入乳链菌肽后,成膜液中的乳链菌肽等成分物质与明胶相互作用,导致复合膜的宏观和微观性能均有不同程度改变。随着乳链菌肽浓度的提高,复合膜的厚度和断裂伸长率逐渐增大;外观颜色变深;抗拉强度、水溶性和水蒸气透过系数逐渐降低;复合膜透光率的降低,对光的阻隔性能逐渐增强;对常见致食品腐败菌(尤其是革兰氏阳性菌)有明显抑制作用,且逐渐增强;原子力显微镜观测其表面粗糙程度逐渐增大,对冷藏肉的保鲜效果越来越好。因此,乳链菌肽-明胶-酪蛋白钙复合膜的开发在食品包装和保鲜等方面表现出潜在的应用价值。     

Shelf‐life characteristics of fresh oysters and ground beef as affected by bacteriocin‐coated plastic packaging film

Fresh oysters and ground beef were wrapped in antimicrobial films coated with a bacteriocin (nisin or lacticin NK24) incorporated into a polyamide binder layer. The packaged foods were stored at 3 and 10 °C and changes in counts of total aerobic bacteria and coliform bacteria were monitored together with appropriate quality attributes in order to determine the influence of the bacteriocin‐coated films on quality preservation and shelf‐life extension. Compared to plain low‐density polyethylene film, plastic films with incorporated bacteriocins slowed down microbial growth on packaged oysters and ground beef at both temperatures, contributed in some degree to the preservation of chemical quality and extended shelf‐life significantly. The effects of the antimicrobial films on the suppression of coliform bacterial growth were more pronounced at 10 than at 3 °C , while the effects on total aerobic bacteria were consistently evident at both temperatures. There was no difference in food quality preservation between the two types of antimicrobial film. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

可食性膜制备及改性研究

可食性膜是当前包装材料研究中较为热门课题,并已应用到商品流通许多领域,特别是在食品包装和保鲜领域;该文主要对各类可食性膜制备及膜改性工艺进行综述。     

Improvement of active chitosan film properties with rosemary essential oil for food packaging

Rosemary essential oil (REO) was used to develop an active film from chitosan. The effects of REO concentration (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% v/v) on film properties were studied by measuring the physical, mechanical and optical properties of the REO‐loaded films. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to study microstructure and the interaction of the chitosan‐based films. The solubility and water gain of the chitosan film decreased about 25% and 85%, respectively, by REO incorporation, up to 1.5% v/v, because of the interaction between hydrophilic groups of chitosan and REO as confirmed by FTIR. It was determined that REO improved the transparency of the films from 4.97 in neat chitosan up to 7.61; moreover, it reduced the films’ light transmission in UV light more than 25%. Films containing REO showed more antibacterial activity and total phenol content. The films containing REO showed potential to be used as active film in food preservation.     

Sunflower protein films incorporated with clove essential oil have potential application for the preservation of fish patties

The incorporation of sunflower protein films with clove essential oil and the application of the resulting materials on the preservation of sardine patties were studied. The addition of clove essential oil to formulations based on sunflower protein concentrates allowed to prepare biodegradable and edible films with increased antioxidant properties and important in vitro antimicrobial properties. The presence of clove essential oil modified protein interactions reducing water solubility and glass transition temperature of resulting films, but it did not modify markedly their moisture content, thickness, color, opacity, water vapor permeability and mechanical properties. When applied to the preservation of refrigerated sardine patties these films allowed to retard fish lipidic auto-oxidation and to slightly delay the growth of total mesophiles, proving once again the importance of checking the films functionality in real food systems.