金刚石薄膜材料的研制进展

早期,在低压高温下,沉积金刚石膜主要依赖于通过化学气相沉积工艺使碳氢化物气体发生热分解。苏联科学家在这方面进行了开拓性的工作。在低压下形成的这种膜具有一系列的结构、形态、物理性质特征。它含有较大百分比的石墨碳及其它碳或碳-氢结构。在低压下,甚至形成金刚石薄膜的过渡物——类金刚石碳膜和类金刚石碳氢膜。早期的金刚石生长速率极小,约0.1μm/h,以致于它无多少实用价值。1982年,S.Ma-tsumoto采用热灯丝化学气相沉积法,1983年M.Kamo用微波等离子体化学气相沉积法制     

类金刚石碳膜的制备工艺

用射频－直流等离子体化学气相沉积法制备出类金刚石膜，用多因素和单因素正交试验设计方法对类金刚石的沉积工艺进行了研究，结果表明，极板偏压、真空度和气体成分是影响膜沉积速率的主要因素。沉积速率与ＰＶ成正比，且随反应气体深度单调增加，但当Ｃ２Ｈ２浓度低于１０％时，几乎不能成膜。     

类金刚石膜中应力释放花样形貌分析

用IRaman谱研究了射频-直流等离子体化学气相沉积法制备的类金刚石膜结构，用弯曲法研究了类金刚石膜的应力，用光学显微镜对类金刚石膜中由于压应力的释放所形成的花样形貌进行了观察。类金刚石膜中存在1～4．7GPa的压应力。由于应力释放，在膜-基界面处观察到正弦曲线状、分枝状、直线状和花状花样外，还观察到时钟状和水泡状两种新型应力释放花样，用薄板起皱理论可以很好地解释这两种新花样。     

磁过滤阴极真空弧法制备类金刚石膜的场致发射特性研究

采用磁过滤阴极真空弧沉积法,在Cu基底表面上制备了以钛(Ti)和碳化碳(TiC)作为过滤层的类金刚石膜层。利用自制的场致发射特性测试设备,研究了类金刚石膜层的场致发射特性。利用拉曼光谱仪(Raman)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等分析方法对类金刚石膜的键合结构和微观形貌进行了表征。研究发现,利用磁过滤阴极真空弧沉积法可以在沉积温度100℃下制备膜基结合力较好的类金刚石膜。沉积速率为15 nm/min。类金刚石膜具有较好的场致发射特性,开启电压约为40 V/μm。Raman分析得到不同基底偏压下的类金刚石膜的I_D/I_G为1.19～1.57;SEM分析显示薄膜的微观结构上具有微米级突起结构。实验表明,应用磁过滤阴极真空弧方法可以制备出高sp~3含量、表面具有微米级突起的类金刚石膜,这种类金刚石膜具有有利于场致发射的特性。     

不锈钢基体预处理对合成类金刚石碳膜的影响

本文研究了在射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积工艺中不同的预处理方法对不锈钢基底上类金刚石碳膜生长的影响。所沉积的碳膜的结构和形貌分别用激光Raman光谱和扫描电子显微镜进行了分析，薄膜与基底的结合力通过划痕实验进行了表征。实验结果表明，通过采用合适的过渡层能显著提高类金刚石碳膜与基底的结合力，而通过化学腐蚀的方法对提高结合力的帮助不大。     

等离子体化学气相沉积类金刚石碳膜的特性及应用

类金刚石（DLC）膜是含有sp^3杂化态的亚稳态非晶碳膜，是具有极高的硬度、化学稳定性和光学透明性的半导体材料。这篇综述介绍了用等离子体化学气相沉积DLC膜的沉积方法、所制备薄膜的特性及应用，最后展望了DLC膜的发展趋势。     

类金刚石薄膜的摩擦学特性及磨损机制研究进展

类金刚石薄膜已显示了重要的摩擦学应用价值,其中化学气相沉积的类金刚石薄膜(DLC)具有膜层致密、厚度均匀、摩擦学性能优良等特点成为广泛采用的一种沉积方法.本文介绍了气源成分、基体材料、摩擦环境、摩擦对偶、载荷及速度对化学气相沉积制备类金刚石薄膜的摩擦学特性的影响,概述了其摩擦磨损机理,同时探讨了进一步研究工作的方向.     

类金刚石膜中应力释放花样形貌分析

用Ｒａｍａｎ谱研究了射频－直流等离子体化学气相沉积法制备的类金刚石膜结构，，用弯曲法研究了类金刚石膜的应力，用光学显微镜对类金刚石膜肿由于压应力的释放所形成的花样形貌进行了观察。类金刚石膜中存在１－４．７ＧＰａ的压应力。由于应力释放，在膜－基界面处观察到正弦曲线状，分枝状，直线状和花状花样外，还观察到时钟状和水泡状两种新型应力释放花样，用薄板起皱理论可以很好地解释这两种新花样。     

射频—直流等离子体增强化学气相沉积设备的研制

综合利用射频和直流辉光放电的特点研制成功射频－直流等离子化学气相沉积设备。成功地用该设备制备出类金刚石薄膜。类金钢石薄膜的沉积速率随极板负偏压、气体工作压力的增加而增大。     

类金刚石薄膜的结构与光学性能研究

一、前言 类金刚石碳膜(Diamond-Like Carbon Films)是国际上70年代发展起来的一种新型薄膜材料。由于该薄膜具有坚硬耐磨、电阻率和热导率高、化学性能稳定、光学透明等类似于金刚石的特性,因此,自1971年美国人Aisenberg首先发表有关类金刚石碳膜的研究论文后,引起了世界各国的浓厚兴趣。与金刚石薄膜相比,类金刚石薄模有以下3个特点:(1)制备方法比较简便,成本较低,沉积温度低,在二、三百摄氏度以下;(2)沉积膜的微观表面光滑;(3)依赖膜的组分和结构,其性质可在很宽的范围内变化。例如,根据所采用的气源种类等因素的不同,折射率可在1.7～2.9之间变化。这些优点表明:类金刚石薄膜特别适用于作光学零部件的增透膜和保护膜。类金刚石薄膜的性质由其结构所决定,而结构又与制备方法和制备条件有关。因此,研究类金刚石薄膜的性质、结构和沉积工艺间的关系是非常重要的课题。 二、试验方法 改装GDM-300BN型高真空镀膜机。采用平板型阴阳极平行安装,屏蔽的阴极水冷并接13.56MHz射频电源功率极,阳极与真空罩相连并接地。Ar、CH_4、C_2H_2气体流量由质量流量计控制,直流负偏压大小用WYG-30B高压速调管电源调节,设备示意如图1所示。衬底材料为单晶硅和锗。沉积时将丙酮清洗后的样品置于功率     

Electrochemical performance of diamond-like carbon thin films

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin films used in this study were intended for their electrochemical properties. The DLC films were deposited by a filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) process on p-type silicon (100) substrates biased at different pulse voltages (0-2000 V). The chemical bonding structures of the DLC films were characterized with micro-Raman spectroscopy and the electrochemical properties were evaluated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization. The DLC films showed high impedance, high polarization resistance and high breakdown potential in a 0.5 M H₂SO₄ aqueous solution, which were attributed to the high sp³ content and uniformity of the films. The excellent chemical inertness of the DLC films made them promising corrosion resistant coating materials.     

类金刚石薄膜中杂质Fe对其力学性能的影响

描述了利用射频等离子体溅射法采用不同阴极在衬底Ｓｉ片上形成类金刚石薄膜的杂质含量及杂质对厚度和硬度的影响分析与结果,比较了ＤＬＣ膜的力学性能在有无金属杂质情况下的异同,分析和计算了其硬度与硬度与制备参数间的关系,得出利用石墨作电极能制备出质量较好的ＤＬＣ膜,初步探讨在Ｓｉ衬底上沉积高硬度和强附着度类金刚石薄膜的有关工艺条件,并在理论上对这一结果进行了解释。     

类金刚石膜研究进展

类金刚石膜具有高硬度、高热导率、低摩擦因数、良好的耐磨性能和化学惰性等优异的物化性能,在热沉、微电子、抗核加固、生物和汽车工业等领域具有重大的应用前景,近年来吸引了众多研究和关注。文章综述了类金刚石膜的研究进展和膜的成核机理,展示了类金刚石的应用前景,为该材料的研究和工业化应用提供思路和参考。     

镁合金表面类金刚石膜的研究进展

类金刚石碳(DLC)膜具有高硬度、低摩擦系数、强化学惰性及生物相容性好等优异性能,镁合金表面制备DLC膜可极大地改善基体的使用性能。综述了采用不同制备技术在镁基体表面获得的多种DLC膜系的抗磨损及耐腐蚀性能,并展望了DLC膜表面改性镁合金的医用前景,指出镁合金表面制备DLC膜是其表面改性技术中具有前景的一个研究方向。     

等离子体源离子注入法制备类金刚石薄膜

用等离子体源注入(PSII)在Si(100)上制备类金刚石膜，放电气体采用CH4，用微波电子回旋共振(ECR)产生等离子体。将-20～-30kV的高压加在衬底上，来提高离子的能量。通过Raman光谱和FT-IR光谱检测了类金刚石膜的化学组成及状态，并对其机械性能和表面形貌进行了检测。结果显示，硅片硬度和摩擦因数得到了改善，用PSII能够制备出性能优良的膜，可以将其应用到微电子器件(MEMS)上去。     

Oxygen plasma etching of silver-incorporated diamond-like carbon films

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) film as a solid lubricant coating represents an important area of investigation related to space devices. The environment for such devices involves high vacuum and high concentration of atomic oxygen. The purpose of this paper is to study the behavior of silver-incorporated DLC thin films against oxygen plasma etching. Silver nanoparticles were produced through an electrochemical process and incorporated into DLC bulk during the deposition process using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. The presence of silver does not affect significantly DLC quality and reduces by more than 50% the oxygen plasma etching. Our results demonstrated that silver nanoparticles protect DLC films against etching process, which may increase their lifetime in low earth orbit environment.     

Chemical diagnosis of DLC by ESR spectral analysis

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were deposited utilizing plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) with four precursor gases such as methane, ethylene, acetylene and benzene in gas phase. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra showed that dangling-bond sites (DBSs) observed in all films were characterized by an isotropic broad single line. The DLC film with unsaturated precursor gases had the higher film growth rate and the higher DBS accumulative rate. Although the DBS in DLC films were quite stable at room temperature under anaerobic conditions, the DBS decayed rapidly to level off toward a limiting value when exposed to air. The stability and reactivity of the DBS in DLC film were assumed to depend on chemical structure of organic gas used as precursor. The detailed-ESR study on DBS of the DLC films could be one of the powerful tools for diagnosing the micro-structural properties and the quality of films.     

Metal-doped diamond-like carbon films synthesized by filter-arc deposition

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin films are extensively utilized in the semiconductor, electric and cutting machine industries owing to their high hardness, high elastic modulus, low friction coefficients and high chemical stability. DLC films are prepared by ion beam-assisted deposition (BAD), sputter deposition, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), cathodic arc evaporation (CAE), and filter arc deposition (FAD). The major drawbacks of these methods are the degraded hardness associated with the low sp³/sp² bonding ratio, the rough surface and poor adhesion caused by the presence of particles. In this study, a self-developed filter arc deposition (FAD) system was employed to prepare metal-containing DLC films with a low particle density. The relationships between the DLC film properties, such as film structure, surface morphology and mechanical behavior, with variation of substrate bias and target current, are examined. Experimental results demonstrate that FAD-DLC films have a lower ratio, suggesting that FAD-DLC films have a greater sp³ bonding than the CAE-DLC films. FAD-DLC films also exhibit a low friction coefficient of 0.14 and half of the number of surface particles as in the CAE-DLC films. Introducing a CrN interfacial layer between the substrate and the DLC films enables the magnetic field strength of the filter to be controlled to improve the adhesion and effectively eliminate the contaminating particles. Accordingly, the FAD system improves the tribological properties of the DLC films.     

Analysis of plastic deformation in diamond like carbon films-steel substrate system with tribological tests

The influence of plastic deformation of the substrate on the tribological properties of diamond like carbon (DLC) films was investigated in DLC films-steel substrate system. The tribological properties of DLC films deposited on different hardness steel were evaluated by a ball on disk rotating-type friction tester at room temperature under different environments. In dry nitrogen, DLC films on soft steel exhibited excellent tribological properties, especially obvious under high load (such as 20 N and 50 N). However, DLC films on hard steel were worn out quickly at load of 20 N. Plastic deformation was observed on soft steel after tribological tests. The width and depth of plastic deformation track increased with increase of the experimental load. Super low friction and no measurable wear were kept in good condition even large plastic deformation under high load conditions in DLC films-soft steel system. In open air, DLC films on soft steel exhibited high coefficient of friction and DLC films on ball were worn out quickly. Plastic deformation was not observed on soft steel because the contact area increased and the thick hardened layer on contact surface were formed by DLC films and debris particles together on the steel substrate. The wear track on steel became deep and wide with increase of loads and DLC films were worn out. The experimental results showed that super low friction and high wear resistance of DLC films on soft steel can be attributed to the good adhesion and plastic deformation. Plastic deformation played an active role in the tribological properties of DLC films on soft steel in the present work.     

Hydrophobic properties of the ion beam deposited DLC films containing SiOx

Diamond like carbon (DLC) films received considerable interest due to outstanding mechanical and tribological properties as well as chemical inertness and hydrophobicity. That combination is particularly interesting for possible application of the DLC as anti-sticking layers in novel lithographic techniques such as nanoimprint lithography, because Si, quartz and Ni - the most often used materials for imprint stamp formation - have high surface energy and, as a result, bad anti-adhesive properties. In present study, SiO_x containing DLC thin films were synthesized from hexamethyldisiloxane vapor and hydrogen gas mixture by direct ion beam deposition. Anti-sticking properties of the grown DLC thin films were evaluated measuring surface contact angle with water. Chemical composition and structure of the deposited films were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and FTIR spectrometry. Morphology of the films was measured by atomic force microscopy. Effects of hexamethyldisiloxane flux on structure, anti-sticking properties and surface morphology of the SiO_x containing DLC thin films were defined.