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Solar cells based on organic semiconductor molecules are a promising alternative to conventional silicon photocells owing to their low cost, simple production, and good mechanical properties. Effective organic photocells are based on a heterojunction using an active layer consisting of two different organic semiconductors, one of which is an electron donor, while the other is an acceptor. Progress in organic photovoltaics is related to the development of new donor materials, while fullerene derivatives are commonly used as acceptors. The advantages and disadvantages of fullerene compounds for organic solar cells are discussed in this review, the principles of their operation are briefly considered, and the most successful new non-fullerene acceptors are described. The application of latter acceptors has made it possible to fabricate organic solar cells with an efficiency of about 2–4%. 相似文献
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Keunhee Park Seungsik Oh Donggeun Jung Heeyeop Chae Hyoungsub Kim Jin-Hyo Boo 《Nanoscale research letters》2012,7(1):74
We have used hafnium metallocene compounds as cathode interfacial layers for organic solar cells [OSCs]. A metallocene compound consists of a transition metal and two cyclopentadienyl ligands coordinated in a sandwich structure. For the fabrication of the OSCs, poly[3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene]:poly(styrene sulfonate), poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) + [6, 6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester, bis-(ethylcyclopentadienyl)hafnium(IV) dichloride, and aluminum were deposited as a hole transport layer, an active layer, a cathode interfacial layer, and a cathode, respectively. The hafnium metallocene compound cathode interfacial layer improved the performance of OSCs compared to that of OSCs without the interfacial layer. The current density-voltage characteristics of OSCs with an interfacial layer thickness of 0.7 nm and of those without an interfacial layer showed power conversion efficiency [PCE] values of 2.96% and 2.34%, respectively, under an illumination condition of 100 mW/cm2 (AM 1.5). It is thought that a cathode interfacial layer of an appropriate thickness enhances the electron transfer between the active layer and the cathode, and thus increases the PCE of the OSCs. 相似文献
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J. Feenstra R. H. van Leest N. J. Smeenk G. Oomen E. Bongers P. Mulder E. Vlieg J. J. Schermer 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2016,133(28)
The development of flexible, thin‐film, and high‐efficiency III–V solar cells enables the design of new flexible, lightweight solar arrays for space applications. A requirement for these solar panels is the replacement of the rigid coverglasses by a flexible shielding layer. In this work, three candidate materials based on commercially available polyimides and synthesized polysiloxanes for such a shielding layer are compared with respect to their ease of synthesis, transparency. Polysiloxanes based on methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) based siloxane (MBS) showed the best reproducibility in synthesis of layers of the required thickness of about 300 µm with sufficient transparency and was therefore selected for further analysis. It was demonstrated that the MBS material could be doped with Ce to increase the radiation hardness. Showing virtually no loss of volatile condensable components in outgassing tests it can be concluded that the properties MBS are found suitable for further space qualification testing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43661. 相似文献
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《应用聚合物科学杂志》2018,135(9)
In this work, we fabricated plasmonic organic bulk–heterojunction solar cells by inserting hydrophobic gold nanorods (GNRs) into the active layers. Power conversion efficiency was improved from 7.43% to 8.22% because the plasmonic effect of GNRs improved the light harvesting efficiency. Maximum exciton generation rate was increased from 1.35 × 10−26 to 1.51× 10−26m−3 s−1, and the electron mobility was also increased from 8.6 × 10−5 to 1.5× 10−4cm−2 V−1 s−1. As a result, the short circuit current density was improved from 15.5 to 16.7 mA cm−2—the dominant reason for performance enhancement. The open circuit voltage and fill factor were improved simultaneously. The plasmonic device showed a highest PCE of 8.43%, indicating that doping GNRs into active layers is a simple and effective way to fabricate high‐performance organic solar cells. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 45920. 相似文献
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Conjugated polymer-based organic solar cells 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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Lei Wang Christian Hinderling Sandra Jenatsch Frank Nüesch Daniel Rentsch Roland Steim Hui Zhang Roland Hany 《Polymer》2014
Polyelectrolytes composed of an anionic sulfoethyl methacrylate/methacrylate backbone and cationic cyanine dyes counter ions are synthesized. The effective reaction sequence is confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and consists of a thermal radical copolymerization to obtain the polymer backbone (Mn ∼ 40 kg mol−1), followed by deprotonation of the sulfoethyl group and a salt metathesis reaction with elimination of silver halide to incorporate the dye. With increasing cyanine content (20–50% of polymer repeating units) polyelectrolytes become insoluble in apolar solvents. This allows the fabrication of simple solution-processed bilayer organic solar cells, where an electron acceptor fullerene layer is coated from the orthogonal solvent chlorobenzene onto an underlying polyelectrolyte electron donor layer. The optimization of solar cells is described, and photo-CELIV measurements are used to identify the low hole mobility in the polyelectrolyte layer as the main reason that currently limits solar cell performance to ∼0.9%. 相似文献
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《Progress in Polymer Science》2013,38(12):1929-1940
During the last years the performance of bulk heterojunction solar cells has been improved significantly. For a large-scale application of this technology further improvements are required. This article reviews the basic working principles and the state of the art device design of bulk heterojunction solar cells. The importance of high power conversion efficiencies for the commercial exploitation is outlined and different efficiency models for bulk heterojunction solar cells are discussed. Assuming state of the art materials and device architectures several models predict power conversion efficiencies in the range of 10–15%. A more general approach assuming device operation close to the Shockley–Queisser-limit leads to even higher efficiencies. Bulk heterojunction devices exhibiting only radiative recombination of charge carriers could be as efficient as ideal inorganic photovoltaic devices. 相似文献
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《Progress in Polymer Science》2013,38(12):1941-1960
Solution deposited bulk heterojunction organic solar cells are viewed as one of the most promising alternative energy sources because of their ease of processing and their potential to be produced using large scale techniques such as roll-to-roll, newspaper style, coating. Since organic materials have a relatively low dielectric constant the dissociation of an excited electron–hole pair into free collectable charge carriers is inefficient in many cases. Often the excited electron–hole pairs recombine back to the ground state in a process known as geminate recombination before they ever fully dissociate into free charge carriers. Even after dissociation, free holes and electrons can encounter each other once more and subsequently recombine back to the ground state in a process known as nongeminate recombination. In both cases the incident photon energy is lost and fewer carriers are collected at the electrodes. Hence, charge carrier recombination is one of the key loss mechanisms in organic solar cells. In this review the latest on geminate and nongeminate recombination is discussed. 相似文献
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Judith E Houston Sébastien Richeter Sébastien Clément Rachel C Evans 《Polymer International》2017,66(10):1333-1348
In the past two decades, bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices have emerged as attractive candidates for solar energy conversion due to their lightweight design and potential for low‐cost, high‐throughput, solution‐phase processability. Interfacial engineering is a proven efficient approach to achieve OPV devices with high power conversion efficiencies. This mini‐review provides an overview of the key structural considerations necessary when undertaking the molecular design of conjugated polyelectrolytes, for application as interfacial layers (ILs). The different roles of ILs are outlined, together with the advantages and disadvantages of competing classes of IL materials. Particular emphasis is placed on the design and synthesis of water‐soluble polythiophene‐based IL materials and the influence of their structural characteristics on their performance as a promising class of IL material. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for polythiophenes as IL materials for OPV devices and other solution‐processed solar cell technologies (e.g. perovskite solar cells) are discussed. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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《Dyes and Pigments》2013,96(3):743-750
The synthesis and application to dye-sensitized solar cells of two new triphenylamine-based organic dyes containing benzimidazole derivatives as secondary donors together with a simple triphenylamine derived dye for the purpose of comparison is reported. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the dyes were investigated by UV–vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The introduction of benzimidazole derivatives in the phenyl ring of the triphenylamine core increases the molar extinction coefficients and λmax because of the extension of the π-conjugation structures of the dyes. Overall conversion efficiencies of ∼2.5% under full sunlight (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm−2) irradiation were obtained for DSSCs based on these new dyes, under the same conditions, the reference dye and di-tetrabutylammonium cis-bis(isothiocyanato) bis(2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylato) ruthenium(II) (N719) gave overall conversion efficiencies of 1.23% and 5.61%, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that the introduction of benzimidazole derivatives as secondary donors in triphenylamine-based dye can improve their photovoltaic performance compared to the unsubstituted reference dye in DSSCs. 相似文献
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《Dyes and Pigments》2013,96(3):523-533
New organic dyes based on diphenylaminofluorene donors, cyanoacrylic acid acceptors and either ethynylbenzene or ethynylthiophene π-spacers have been synthesized and characterized as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells. The dye with thiophene in the conjugation pathway exhibited longer wavelength absorption due to the significant lowering of the LUMO level when compared to the phenyl analog. However, the dye with the phenylacetylene linker displayed promising DSSC characteristics such as short circuit current, open circuit voltage and fill factor indicative of efficient charge generation and injection. The solvatochromic behavior of the dyes were examined in solvents of different polarity and found to exhibit negative solvatochromism of the fluorescence emission suggestive of a nonpolar solvent stabilized excited state with a significant structural reorganization. The TDDFT computations were used to explain the optical properties of the dyes. 相似文献
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以吡嗪环作为吸电子基团,单羧基为连接基团,选用不同的芳环供电基团设计合成了3个苊并吡嗪类染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)染料。其中,以二苯胺为供电基的染料Va性能最好,主要吸光范围是400~500 nm,ELUMO为-1.10 eV,远负于TiO2的导带能级-0.5 eV,说明染料的激发态电子注入到纳米TiO2的导带在热力学上是可行的;EHOMO为1.31 eV,远正于I-/I3-的氧化还原电位0.4 eV,说明处于氧化态的染料分子从氧化还原电对得到电子再生。光电转换效率最高为3.06%,达到经典染料N719效率的43%。 相似文献
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双极性材料以其低能隙、宽吸收、高电子传导率和较高稳定性的优势成为增强有机太阳能电池性能的优良材料。研究显示,双极性材料不但能够作为有机光伏器件中的给体材料和受体材料,还能作为辅助添加剂来增加电池的能量转化效率。 相似文献
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Sang Hyuk Im 《Electrochimica acta》2010,55(20):5665-1111
Porous CdSe layers were prepared by spray pyrolysis deposition using sodium selenosulfate as a selenium source and its surface area and porosity were increased by the dissolution of sodium sulfate formed as by-product. The porous CdSe as both photoanode and absorber could efficiently transport electrons to fluorine-doped tin oxide electrode and extract holes to the electrolyte. The cells were optimized by controlling the number of spray pyrolysis deposition cycles and then etching with sodium sulfate. An efficient solar cell having a power conversion efficiency of 2.6% at 1 sun illumination (100 mW cm−1) was fabricated. Further, we extend this approach to fabricate an efficient porous CdS-sensitized solar cell with power conversion efficiency greater than 1.0% at 1 sun illumination. 相似文献
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Yan Jiang Pin Liu Yuliang Cao Jiangfeng Qian Hanxi Yang 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2009,39(10):1939-1942
A new fire-retardant, diethyl ethyl phosphate (DEEP), was tested as a nonflammable electrolyte solvent for dye-sensitized
solar cells (DSSCs). Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the DEEP electrolyte has a wide potential window (>5 V),
sufficient ionic conductivity (3.5 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C), and electrochemical activity for the I - /I3 - I^{ - } /I_{3}^{ - } redox couple. The DEEP-based DSSCs exhibited an open circuit voltage of 0.72 V, short circuit photocurrent of 10.45 mA cm−2, and a light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 4.53%, which are almost the same as those observed from the DSSCs using
currently optimized organic carbonate electrolytes. Meanwhile, the long-term stability of the DSSCs was greatly improved with
the use of the DEEP electrolyte, showing a potential application of this new electrolyte for the construction of efficient,
stable, and nonflammable DSSCs. 相似文献
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Dingqin Hu Jiehao Fu Shanshan Chen Jun Li Qianguang Yang Jie Gao Hua Tang Zhipeng Kan Tainan Duan Shirong Lu Kuan Sun Zeyun Xiao 《Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering》2021,15(3):571
Emerging needs for the large-scale industrialization of organic solar cells require high performance cathode interlayers to facilitate the charge extraction from organic semiconductors. In addition to improving the efficiency, stability and processability issues are major challenges. Herein, we design block copolymers with well controlled chemical composition and molecular weight for cathode interlayer applications. The block copolymer coated cathodes display high optical transmittance and low work function. Conductivity studies reveal that the block copolymer thin film has abundant conductive channels and excellent longitudinal electron conductivity due to the interpenetrating networks formed by the polymer blocks. Applications of the cathode interlayers in organic solar cells provide higher power conversion efficiency and better stability compared to the most widely-applied ZnO counterparts. Furthermore, no post-treatment is needed which enables excellent processability of the block copolymer based cathode interlayer. 相似文献
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The device performances of inverted organic solar cells were improved by using hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) as the organic interlayer for hole collection at the anode. The HAT-CN was effective to enhance the open circuit voltage and fill factor of the inverted organic solar cells by forming good interfacial contact with Al anode in inverted organic solar cells. The power conversion efficiency of the organic solar cells was improved from 0.36% to 2.09% by the HAT-CN hole collecting organic interlayer. 相似文献