斑点叉尾鮰鱼骨脱脂及其制备CMC 活性钙的工艺优化

以斑点叉尾鮰鱼骨为实验材料,对脱脂鮰鱼骨粉制备工艺,脱脂骨粉在不同的温度、时间、柠檬酸和苹果酸的酸比例、酸质量浓度、骨粉粒度条件下转化成活性钙的效果进行研究。结果表明,鮰鱼骨脱脂的最佳工艺方案为5g/100mL NaOH 溶液浸泡6h,脱脂后的鱼骨粉总钙含量为30.38%。实验采用柠檬酸和苹果酸活化脱脂鮰鱼骨粉制取CMC 活性钙,其最佳工艺条件为柠檬酸和苹果酸的比例1:2、酸质量浓度15g/100mL、骨粉粒度120目、温度100℃、提取时间60min。此时,钙提取率可达87.13%。     

罗非鱼鱼鳞柠檬酸-苹果酸钙的制备及产物鉴定

以罗非鱼鱼鳞为原料,采用超声辅助复合有机酸制备柠檬酸-苹果酸钙（calcium citrate malate,CCM）,研究鱼鳞预处理方法、超声辅助酸制备工艺条件,并对产物进行表征。结果显示,鱼鳞无需熬煮,直接采用超声辅助提取效果理想;在液料比为20∶1（mL/g）条件下,正交试验优化得到复合钙最佳制备工艺条件为：柠檬酸和苹果酸总质量分数12%、二者质量比2∶1、超声温度70 ℃、超声时间1.0 h;在此条件下,得钙率为18.97%;红外光谱及X射线衍射分析均显示制备产物不是柠檬酸钙与苹果酸钙的简单混合物,而与CCM结构吻合;扫描电镜观察到产物结晶呈六方形;晶体比表面积介孔测定知罗非鱼鱼鳞复合钙产物孔径为4.049 nm,单点吸附总孔体积为0.320 cm3/g,T-图法微孔（外）比表面积为385.703 m2/g。本方法成功制备了罗非鱼鱼鳞CCM复合盐,得钙率较高,研究结果可为罗非鱼鱼鳞加工有机钙产品提供一定理论支持。     

果酸钙合成条件的研究

用正交实验确定了合成果酸钙的投料摩尔比为碳酸钙：柠檬酸：苹果酸=8：2：5。反应温度为50℃，投料顺序为将碳酸钙粉加入到柠檬酸与苹果酸的混合溶液中，加水量为反应原料质量总和的2倍，用该方法合成的果酸钙，钙含量适中，溶解度较高。     

罗非鱼骨制备活性钙的技术研究

罗非鱼骨中钙、镁等营养物质丰富,是一种很好的钙源。研究罗非鱼骨的煅烧条件及罗非鱼骨制备活性钙的工艺优化。结果表明：罗非鱼片加工废弃物中鱼骨的脂肪含量为5．83％,钙26．5％;罗非鱼骨煅烧最佳条件是950℃,煅烧120min;在罗非鱼骨制备液体钙的工艺优化中,乳酸提取钙效果最好,其最优条件为固液比1：20,温度80℃,16％乳酸,反应2h．此时,钙提取率为81％。     

牛骨中钙离子化的研究

以牛骨中的钙为研究对象,采用机械破碎和电解技术相结合的方法,以柠檬酸和乳酸的混合物作为提取溶剂,对离子钙的提取进行研究。运用对比实验、单因素和正交试验进行研究,在水浴温度40～60℃,搅拌速度50～90r/min 的条件下,最佳工艺参数为电压20V,处理时间3h,骨与混合酸质量比1:2,其中混合酸为乳酸与柠檬酸,且两者物质的量比1:1,骨粉质量分数2%,最终测得钙溶出率为96.37%。经检测,电解后剩余的骨渣中钙含量为零,可视为基本实现全部钙离子化。本技术具有钙溶出率高、所得的离子化骨矿物质粉体能够完全溶于水,易被肠胃消化吸收等优点,在畜禽骨的综合利用方面又多了一条实用而可靠的途径。     

果酸钙合成条件的研究

用正交实验确定了合成果酸钙的投料摩尔比为碳酸钙：柠檬酸：苹果酸=8：2：5,反应温度为50℃,投料顺序为将碳酸钙粉加入到柠檬酸与苹果酸的混合溶液中,加水量为反应原料质量总和的2倍,用该方法合成的果酸钙,钙含量适中,溶解度较高。     

罗非鱼胶原肽制备中钙回收工艺的研究

对比柠檬酸和乳酸对罗非鱼骨与鱼鳞中钙的溶解能力,选择乳酸作为罗非鱼骨、鳞胶原肽制备过程中脱钙的酸化剂.当采用20%乳酸,料液比1:9、35℃下酸解骨鳞原料10h时,骨磷钙的溶出率为88.12%.乳酸钙上清液在0.1MPa下真空浓缩,浓缩比达到6.2:1-6.7:1时,将浓缩液循序降温至5℃并保持3h,使乳酸钙结晶析出.经回液分离、精制、干燥后,得到纯度为98.3%的乳酸钙晶体.     

利用酶法促使骨粉中钙转化的研究

利用中性蛋白酶,胰酶和碱性蛋白酶作用于骨粉,胰酶可获得最大钙转化率。研究表明,骨粉中钙溶出率为２．５６％,骨钙转化率为１６．０％,并且确定胰酶最佳用量为骨粉：胰酶（ｗ／ｗ）＝１０００：１－２０００：１,最佳酶解时间为９－１０ｈ。     

柠檬酸-苹果酸钙(CCM) 咀嚼片的研制

以柠檬酸-苹果酸复合钙(CCM)、蔗糖、甘露醇、柠檬酸等为原料,研究了高吸收的补钙制剂——柠檬酸-苹果酸复合钙(CCM)咀嚼片的配方及制备工艺,通过正交实验确定了CCM咀嚼片的最佳配方及最佳工艺条件,得到口感、质地、风味俱佳的产品。     

鳕鱼骨活性钙的正交试验优化及其生物利用度分析

目的：以水产加工下脚料鳕鱼骨为原料,探讨鳕鱼骨活性钙的最佳制备条件,并对其生物利用度进行研究。方法：对鱼骨进行基本组成分析与组织学观察;采用正交试验确定鱼骨活性钙的最佳提取条件;采用低钙饮食建立大鼠缺钙模型,检测大鼠血清生化指标、骨钙含量及钙代谢指标,对鱼骨活性钙的生物利用度进行探讨。结果：鳕鱼骨中钙与磷含量分别达到207.8 mg/g和100.9 mg/g,其比值接近2∶1。扫描电镜观察发现鳕鱼骨表面具有坚固致密的扁平板状羟基磷灰石结晶。活性钙最佳提取条件为提取温度100 ℃、提取时间120 min、酸混合比例（柠檬酸-苹果酸体积比）1∶2、酸质量分数15%,在此条件下提取率达到96.15%。与空白对照组相比,活性钙各剂量组能显著提高大鼠骨钙含量。钙代谢实验测定结果显示,活性钙高剂量组钙吸收率显著高于相同钙水平的碳酸钙对照组。结论：鳕鱼骨可作为一种优良的天然钙源,鱼骨活性钙能够作为一种有效的钙营养强化剂加以开发。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press