第一性原理研究:Mg~(2+)掺杂尖晶石型LiMn_2O_4的的电子结构

尖晶石LiMn_2O_4正极材料是在原有锂电池正极材料LiCoO_2、LiNiO_2、LiMnO_2的基础上研发出来的优选正极材料,它相较于LiCoO_2材料价格更加低廉热稳定性加强且安全性能有所提高。采用Mg~(2+)掺杂LiMn_2O_4正极材料,利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理对LiMg_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4晶格常数与能带结构、态密度进行计算与分析。结果表明:新材料LiMg_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4的空间群为F4332,掺杂后晶胞参数a明显减小,晶胞体积收缩;掺杂量为0.5时明显比掺杂量0.125时Fermi能量和能量密度高。Mg~(2+)掺杂能影响LiMn_2O_4的晶体结构,形成更加稳定的共价键。掺杂量会改变LiMn_2O_4的空间群影响到结构稳定性,所以掺杂量不宜过大。     

尖晶石型LiMn_2O_4电子结构的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论（Density Functional Theory,DFT）的第一性原理（First Principles）,应用超软赝势平面波法（Ultra-soft Pseudo-potential Plane-Wave,UPPW）对能带结构、总态密度和分态密度进行了研究,并计算了LiMn2O4晶体的原胞总能量.计算结果表明,锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4晶体是一种直接能隙半导体,是Li离子的良导体,较适合做锂离子电池的正极材料.在LiMn2O4晶体中,由于Mn的3d电子轨道和O的2p电子轨道重叠较强,Mn-O键相互作用较强,为主要成键区域,在充放电循环过程中具有较好的稳定性,Li较容易失去电子以离子状态存在.     

液相法制备LiMn2O4及掺杂研究

以LiNO3,Mn(NO3)2和弱有机酸为原料，将其按一定比例混合，先天低温蒸干水分，再在250℃加热1h，得到黑色前驱物粉末；将前驱物在650－800℃焙烧10－20h便可得到LiMn2O4晶体；此外，研究了生产LiMn2O4晶体过程中温度及添加Ni,Co,Al对LiMn2O4晶化程度和结晶结构的影响。研究结果表明：利用液相法可以使反应物充分反应，能够得到晶形完整、结晶度高的尖晶石型LiMn2O4；并通过该液相法能更均匀掺杂，得到晶粒粒径更小的掺杂Ni,Co,Al型LiMxMn2-xO4。     

尖晶石LiMn2O4的容量衰减与性能改进

尖晶石LiMn2O4是制作锂离子电池正极的很有希望的材料。但研究中发现,LiMn2O4在高温下和循环过程中,存在着容量衰减现象。它是目前制约尖晶石LiMn2O4走向商品化生产的关键性因素。综述了LiMn2O4容量衰减的原因和抑制措施,分析出容量衰减的原因,主要包括活性物质的化学稳定性和LiMn2O4结构稳定性两个方面。其中HF造成的锰的溶解是主要原因。采取掺杂富锂核与富锂相结合的措施,可以有效地抑制LiMn2O4的容量衰减,改善其循环性能。     

掺杂Mg~(2+)对NiFe_2O_4晶体结构及气敏性的影响

针对纯的镍铁尖晶石纳米材料对气体灵敏度较低问题,以硝酸铁、硝酸镍和硝酸镁作为反应物,柠檬酸作为凝胶剂,采用溶胶凝胶结合自蔓延燃烧工艺合成Ni1-xMgxFe2O4型纳米粉体,研究了金属镁离子掺杂对镍铁尖晶石晶体结构及气体灵敏度的影响.x-射线衍射仪(XRD)分析和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析结果表明:干凝胶在250℃自燃所得的粉体即为NiFe2O4尖晶石相,Mg2+在NiFe2O4晶格中优先占据B位,部分占据A位.采用600℃热处理后的样品颗粒尺寸为30～50nm.气敏性能测试结果表明:当x为0.2,最佳工作温度为300℃时,Ni1-xMgxFe2O4型气敏元件对丙酮气体的灵敏度最高.     

第一性原理研究C对ZnO晶体和电子结构的影响

基于实际研究中较少关注的C杂质对ZnO中的影响,通过第一性原理研究了ZnO中非故意掺杂的C杂质对其晶体结构和电子结构的影响,结果发现:C易引起ZnO晶格畸变,造成化合键断裂的现象.CZn与其周围的O在高能位易发生氧化还原反应,产生CO2,引起Vo缺陷;低能位的CZn能存在ZnO晶格之中,产生一个新的施主能级,导电性呈现n型,对p型掺杂能产生强烈的补偿作用,不利提高材料的p型导电性能.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4掺杂及对其性能的影响

综述了近年来掺杂锂离子正极材料尖晶石LiMn2O4的元素及方法，阐述了在锂离子正极材料LiMn2O4中掺杂钴、铬、镍、铝、稀土、钒后对材料性能的影响．结果表明，掺杂均不同程度地改善材料的循环稳定性，但对容量大都产生不利影响．     

B掺杂Sr2MgSi2O7电子结构的理论计算

利用基于密度泛函理论的超软赝势方法(PWP),结合局域密度近似(LDA)计算替位式掺杂B的Sr2MgSi2O7的电子结构.预测了B掺杂Sr2MgSi2O7的晶胞参数;对引入杂质前后电子结构的异同以及价键的性质进行了对比分析,结果表明杂质引入后,B所带正电荷为0.89,B-O键键长为1.494 8(A),B-O键表现出共价键性质,能带结构中出现了新的定域能级,态密度出现了新峰,说明B掺杂可以延长余辉时间.     

均氧配位的双核镁配合物[Mg2(μ-OH2)2(H2O)4(OPCy3)4]Cl4

氯化镁与三(环己烷基)膦氧在乙醇溶液中反应生成了化合物[Mg2(μ-OH2)2(H2O)4(OPCy3)4]Cl4.单晶X-射线衍射分析表明:其结构是由1个单一均氧配位的双核镁配合物阳离子与4个氯阴离子组成,2对氯离子参与形成了分子间的Cl…O-H氢键,并组成了1个共享的[Mg3O4(μ-O)2]核形成2个相连的高度扭曲立方烷构型,其中每个镁原子与由2个μ-OH2、2个OH2和2个OPCy3中的6个氧原子组成了八面体的配位几何,Mg-O(PCy3),Mg-O(OH)2和Mg-μ-O(OH2)的平均键长分别为1.968(6),2.052(7),2.286(6)(A).     

双核镁配合物[Mg2（μ-OH2）2（H2O）4（OPPh3）4]Br4的合成与分子结构

溴化镁与三苯基膦氧在乙醇溶液中反应生成新的可用于MgO粒子制备前驱体的双核镁化合物[Mg2（μ-OH2）2（H2O）4-（OPPh3）4]Br4.单晶X射线衍射分析表明：该双核镁配合物结构由一个均氧配位的双核镁阳离子基团与4个溴离子所组成,两对溴离子参与形成分子间的O-H…Br氢键,并组成了由[Mg2（μ-O）2（O）4]核所共享的高度扭曲立方烷构型,其中每个镁原子与2个μ-OH2、2个OH2和2个OPPh3中的6个氧原子组成了八面体的空间结构,Mg-O（PPh3）、Mg-O（OH2）和Mg-μ-O（OH2）的平均键长分别为198.3（2）,206.1（2）和226.0（2） pm.     

Study on the separation of Co2+ from Zn2+, Cd2+ by anion-exchange chromatography

The separation of Co²⁺ from Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺ by anion-exchange chromatography was discussed. The chromatographic column containing anion resin 201 × 7 which was saturated with a solution of ammonium chloride. The effects of the eluant acidity and eluant composition on the separation were investigated. The results indicate that this anion-exchange chromatography is suitable to the separation of Co²⁺ from Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, and the condition of separation is simple and convenient. When the column is saturated with NH₄Cl solution (2.0 mol/L, pH=4.0), the separation can be completed effectively. Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ can also be separated when different eluants are used and the pure solution with high concentration of Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺ respectively can be obtained easily. Biography of the first author: WANG Xin-yan, born in Dec. 1975, majoring in extraction chemistry.     

Kinetic study of LiMn2O4 in process of lithium intercalation

Exchange current density of spinel LiMn₂O₄ was studied by linear polarization. The relationship of the kinetic property with the structure of spinel LiMn₂O₄ was investigated by studying the effect of the doping and surface coating on the kinetic properties of electrode material. The results show that the exchange current density of spinel LiMn₂O₄ electrode increases with the increase of the amount for lithium intercalation at first, and then decreases. The maximal exchange current density appeares at the 80%–90% lithium intercalation. The similar phenomenon was observed on the doped spinel LiMn₂O₄ electrode. Doping can enhance the exchange current density of spinel LiMn₂O₄ material. However, the degree of the doping effect varies with the doped element varying. Surface coating can also enhance the exchange current density of spinel material, and the increment of value is higher than that of doped ones. Foundation item: Project(50302016) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Eu3+浓度对Ca3Al2O6:Eu3+晶体结构和发光性能的影响

以β-丙氨酸和尿素为燃料,采用溶液燃烧法在低温450℃下合成制备了Ca3Al2O6:Eu3+荧光粉。样品的发射光谱由位于594 nm、617 nm、653 nm及700 nm处的4组线状峰构成,分别对应Eu3+的5D0→7Fj(j=1~4)特征跃迁,其中617 nm处的峰最强,样品呈现红色发光。考察了Eu3+掺杂浓度对晶体结构和发光性能的影响。结果呈示:随着掺杂浓度的增加晶格常数逐渐减小,[O—Al—O]的对称伸缩振动Raman峰蓝移;在低掺杂浓度时荧光强度逐渐增大,掺杂6%时达到最大,之后出现浓度猝灭现象,猝灭机制为交互作用;Eu3+的5D0→7F2与5D0→7F1跃迁强度比随着掺杂浓度的增加逐渐增大,掺杂的Eu3+主要取代处于非对称中心的Ca2+。     

掺杂Li+对荧光粉YBO3:Eu3+发光性能的影响

采用反应条件温和的水热法制备Li+掺杂的YBO3:Eu3+荧光粉。通过掺入不同量的Li+研究其对荧光粉YBO3:Eu3+的物相结构、微观形貌及光致发光特性的影响。用X射线衍射(XRD),场发射扫描电镜(FESEM),荧光分光光度计及X射线能量色散谱仪(EDS)等手段表征材料性能。结果表明:Li+掺杂能够提高荧光粉YBO3:Eu3+的发光强度,最大能提高近20%。发光增强与Li+掺杂量的多少有关,同时也可能与Li+改变YBO3晶体场环境有一定关系。     

Preparation and characterization of poly（D,L-lactide） and its porous biomaterials

1　INTRODUCTIONPolylactides(PLA) have become very impor tant biomedical materials due to the combination oftheir bioresorbable, biocompatible, biodegradableand mechanical properties. They have been widelyused in drug controllable release, surgical suture,orthopedics bone internal fixation and tissue engi neering[1 5]. 2 methods are currently available forPLA synthesis: polycondensation ( condensationpolymerization) of lactic acids(direct method) andring opening polymeriz…     

Preparation and upconversion luminescence properties of LaF3∶[KG-*2]Yb3+,Er3+／SiO2 nanocomposites with core／shell structure

LaF3:Yb3 +,Er3 + nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using solvothermal treatment,and LaF3:Yb3 +,Er3 +/SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles were also prepared with reverse microemulsion technique.The...     

Electrochemical properties of spinel LiMn2O4 and LiAl0.1Mn1.9O3.9F0.1 synthesized by solid-state reaction

Two types of spinel cathode powders, LiMn2O4 and LiAl0.1Mn1.9O3.9F0.1, were synthesized by solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the prepared samples were identified as the spinel structure with a space group of Fd 3 m. The cubic lattice parameter was determined from least-squares fitting of the XRD data. The LiAl0.1Mn1.9O3.9F0.1 sample showed a little lower initial capacity, but better cycling performance than the LiMn2O4 sample at both room temperature and an elevated temperature. The Vanderbilt method was used to test the electrochemical conductivity of the LiMn2O4 samples. The electrochemical impedance spec-troscopy (EIS) method was employed to investigate the electrochemical properties of these spinel LiMn2O4 samples.     

Characteristics of LiCoO2, LiMn2O4 and LiNi0.45Co0.1Mn0.45O2 as cathodes of lithium ion batteries

LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ was synthesized from Li₂CO₃ and a triple oxide of nickel, cobalt and manganese at 950 °C in air. The structures and characteristics of LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂, LiCoO₂ and LiMn₂O₄ were investigated by XRD, SEM and electrochemical measurements. The results show that LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ has a layered structure with hexagonal lattice. The commercial LiCoO₂ has sphere-like appearance and smooth surfaces, while the LiMn₂O₄ and LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ consist of cornered and uneven particles. LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ has a large discharge capacity of 140.9 mA · h/g in practical lithium ion battery, which is 33.4% and 2.8% above that of LiMn₂O₄ and LiCoO₂, respectively. LiCoO₂ and LiMn₂O₄ have higher discharge voltage and better rate-capability than LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂. All the three cathodes have excellent cycling performance with capacity retention of above 89.3% at the 250th cycle. Batteries with LiMn₂O₄ or LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ cathodes show better safety performance under abusive conditions than those with LiCoO₂ cathodes. Foundation item: Project(50302016) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(2005037698) supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China     

Ce3+/Tb3+双掺杂SrAl2Si2O8荧光粉的发光性能及其在测温领域的应用

采用高温固相法在弱还原气氛下制备了系列荧光粉材料Sr_{1-3（x+y）/2}Al₂Si₂O₈:xCe³⁺,yTb³⁺,并通过X射线衍射（XRD）、荧光光谱和荧光强度比（FIR）测温法分析了荧光粉样品的晶体结构、发光性能及其温度传感特性。XRD分析结果表明掺杂离子Ce³⁺和Tb³⁺均占据Sr²⁺格位,并且掺杂少量的稀土离子不会改变基质的晶体结构。荧光光谱分析结果表明在近紫外光激发下,该双掺杂荧光粉的发射光谱显示出Ce³⁺和Tb³⁺离子的特征发射峰,最佳掺杂浓度的荧光粉化学式为Sr_0.865Al₂Si₂O₈:0.05Ce³⁺,0.04Tb³⁺。此外,在不同波长的监测下,测得的激发光谱形状十分相似,表明在该荧光粉中存在着Ce³⁺→Tb³⁺能量传递过程。FIR测温法计算结果表明该荧光粉的相对灵敏度随温度的升高而升高,在520 K时有最大值为0.022 4 K^-1。研究结果表明该荧光粉具备的优异光学性能和温度传感性能使其成为一种具有应用前景的测温材料。