新型单相光伏并网逆变器共模电流抑制研究

针对现有非隔离单相光伏并网逆变器拓扑共模电流大、效率低等问题,提出一种新型非隔离单相光伏并网逆变器拓扑,该拓扑在单相全桥逆变器的基础上增加2个续流二极管,并将交流侧滤波电感移至逆变器下桥臂,使得开关周期内共模电压保持恒定,有效抑制了共模电流;同时高频开关管使用MOSFET,工频开关管使用IGBT,且避免引入额外的开关管,系统整体损耗降低.通过对3 kW系统的仿真和实验,验证了新型拓扑抑制共模电流的效果.     

单相非隔离光伏并网逆变器拓扑推演与分析

针对单相非隔离光伏并网逆变器具有的漏电流问题,对单相非隔离半桥型和全桥型两大类拓扑进行拓扑演化推导,建立了一个桥式拓扑演化网络,研究分析了单相非隔离光伏并网逆变器拓扑的特点,明确了拓扑之间的相互联系,总结出各种桥式拓扑之间的演化规律。并利用总结出的演化规律推导出一种新型拓扑,进一步证明了所提出的演化规律。最后通过PSIM仿真软件进行验证,证明了所提出新型拓扑所具有的漏电流抑制功能的有效性和演化规律的正确性。     

U-Cell拓扑并网逆变器的MPC策略

针对七电平U-Cell拓扑并网逆变器的优化控制问题,设计了模型预测控制(MPC)策略。不同于传统并网逆变器系统,新型基于U-Cell拓扑的并网逆变器具有一个独立直流源和一组电容作为辅助直流回路,故能实现多目标控制的MPC方案应用于此具有明显优势,其通过对辅助电容电压的控制可实现七电平电压输出,同时控制逆变器在并网点提供所需的有功和无功功率,并保证电能质量。利用U-Cell拓扑逆变器样机进行了相关实验,实验结果表明,在直流电压、功率变化和功率因数变化下,系统均具有快速且准确的动态响应。     

一种增强型单相无变压器型逆变器的漏电流抑制拓扑

无变压器型逆变器相比变压器隔离型逆变器,具有更高的效率和更低的成本,已广泛应用于光伏并网系统。由于去除了变压器隔离,其共模漏电流问题会进一步带来严重的EMI和安全问题。针对上述问题,提出了一种增强型单相无变压器型漏电流抑制拓扑。首先,研究了经典交直流解耦方案中仍然存在的漏电流问题;继而提出了新的拓扑和相应的调制策略;最后,搭建了2 k W的实验平台,对提出新拓扑的有效性进行了验证,并与HERIC逆变器进行了对比分析。     

一种高效率H6结构不隔离单相光伏并网逆变器

提出一种新颖的高效率六开关逆变器(H6)拓扑,解决了无变压器单相光伏并网逆变器漏电流问题。该拓扑将两个单向续流单元嵌在全桥逆变器桥臂中点之间,以获得续流通道,并在续流阶段将太阳能电池板和电网分离。该拓扑续流回路不经过性能较差的体二极管,有利于获得更高效率;同时,无需直流旁路结构中的分裂电容。详细介绍该拓扑的工作原理、脉宽调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)驱动逻辑、并网控制方法以及关键电路设计。仿真与实验验证了该拓扑具有低共模电压、高质量的并网波形和高效率特征。     

基于混合型算法的光伏发电系统低电压穿越控制策略

针对两级光伏发电系统在电网电压跌落时,易出现并网逆变器直流侧过电压和交流侧过电流的问题,提出一种基于混合型算法的光伏发电系统低电压穿越（low voltage ride through,LVRT）控制策略。首先,该策略通过模型电流预测控制,使逆变器并网电流在对称与不对称故障情况下均可快速跟随参考指令,且输出设定的对称电流,解决交流侧过电流问题。其次,基于并网点（point of common coupling,PCC）电压的跌落程度及自适应非最大功率跟踪（non maximum power point tracking,Non-MPPT）算法,调节前级Boost变换器占空比,进而降低光伏阵列输出功率,抑制故障过程中并网逆变器交、直两侧功率失衡而导致的直流侧母线过电压,并通过引入直流电压反馈项,消除不对称故障时直流电压二次谐波分量。最后,通过Matlab/Simulink仿真系统,验证所提控制算法的正确性与有效性。     

基于中性点电容的三相光伏逆变器漏电流抑制

针对三相非隔离光伏发电并网系统的漏电流问题,提出了一种基于中性点电容的三相三电平逆变器漏电流抑制方法。建立三相三电平光伏逆变器共模模型,分析了漏电流的产生机理和抑制机理。为了抑制寄生电容上共模电压产生的漏电流,用电容将交流侧中性点和直流侧中性点连接起来,形成漏电流的共模LC滤波电路。该滤波电路可有效滤除共模电压的高频分量,且对差模回路不产生影响。最后通过仿真和实验,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Analysis of cascaded multilevel inverters for active harmonic filtering in distribution networks

This paper aims at the investigation of an active power filter (APF) comprised of a transformerless multilevel inverter (MLI) for power conditioning in three-phase three-wire distribution network. The inverter topologies used here are three, five, seven and nine-level. The system configuration mainly involves cascaded MLI structure of APF, generation of compensation filter currents based on instantaneous active and reactive current component (i_d–i_q) method and dc-link voltage regulation using a PI controller. Not many papers focus on the regulation of dc-link capacitor voltage. Here we have proposed the implementation of bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) to extract the gains of PI controller. The proposed work provides improved dc-link voltage regulation, quick prevail over current harmonics and reduction of overall source current THD. Adequate MATLAB/Simulink simulation results are presented for the different cascaded MLIs discussed above. Additionally, the performance has been validated in real-time using Opal-RT Lab simulator considering three different conditions of supply i.e., balanced sinusoidal, balanced non-sinusoidal and unbalanced sinusoidal.     

大型光伏电站并网逆变器无功与电压控制策略

随着大型光伏电站装机容量的不断增加,光伏发电单元本身的光照强度、温度变化等都会引起并网电压波动甚至越限,大型光伏电站必须参与调压控制,必要时给电网提供紧急无功支撑。针对该问题,首先以某40MWp光伏发电项目为例,对线路阻抗引起的电压波动和偏差进行了量化分析,理论分析表明:随着有功输出的进一步增加,线路电抗的影响要大于线路电阻的影响,并网电压的幅值逐渐减小。在此基础上,通过对并网逆变器在不同控制方式下无功容量及其无功补偿局限性的分析,提出了适用于大型光伏电站的并网逆变器无功与电压控制策略,并对具体实现方式、无功分配方案、光伏发电单元无功优化等问题进行了深入分析。最后,通过算例仿真验证了所提无功与电压控制策略的正确性和可行性。     

Step-up Transformerless Seven-level DC-AC Hybrid Topology for Interconnection of Renewable-based DC Sources to Microgrids

This article introduces a new step-up transformerless multi-level DC-AC hybrid topology for interconnecting renewable DC sources to loads or microgrids. This enabling technology incorporates the best characteristics of three modified basic topologies—a DC-DC multi-level boost converter, a DC-DC multi-level buck converter, and an H-bridge—to obtain a seven-level step-up DC-AC hybrid structure using only one DC input and nine power switches for a single-phase output with field-programmable gate array based control. The advantages of the step-up seven-level structure compared to other proposals are higher efficiency, a reduced number of power switches, and high power density associated with transformerless characteristic. Furthermore, in contrast to conventional topologies, the proposed design does not require voltage/current monitoring of the capacitors or a capacitor-balancing control scheme, and only one DC source input is used. Consequently, a high-performance configuration is obtained. The laboratory results demonstrate the validity of the design and the performance of the prototype.     

混合级联型七电平变频调速装置的研究

介绍了一种适用于中高压变频调速场合的混合级联型七电平变频调速装置,分析了这种装置的主电路拓扑结构及其特点,研究了主电路的开关逻辑关系,给出了基于低次谐波最小原则的控制策略,并给出输出电压波形的谐波分析,实验结果证明其有很好的输出波形,输出谐波含量少,具有较高的性能价格比。     

电流型光伏并网逆变器的关键技术研究

由于光伏并网逆变器是太阳能光伏并网发电系统的核心部分,它分为电压型和电流型两种逆变器.针对目前使用最为广泛的电压型光伏并网逆变技术存在着众多的缺陷,本文介绍了一种基于电流源特性的电流型光伏并网逆变器.该装置利用了导抗变换器和采用直接电流双环控制与同步锁相环相结合的综合控制策略,实现了光伏系统电流型并网的目的.采用电流型...     

抑制漏电流的非隔离电流型光伏并网逆变器

针对非隔离光伏发电并网系统的漏电流问题,提出了一种直流母线开关对称的非隔离电流型光伏并网逆变器.给出了逆变器主电路拓扑结构和开关组态,通过建立光伏电池寄生电容的共模等效电路模型,分析了漏电流的产生和抑制机理.根据开关组态和抑制机理,设计了相应的单极性双载波调制策略和准PR控制策略.仿真和实验结果表明,所提变流器具有良好...     

并网光伏电站低电压穿越仿真与分析

根据光伏电站并网导则要求,针对光伏电站在电网故障时突然脱网的不利影响,提出了一种基于光伏逆变器低电压穿越能力的控制策略,在电网电压跌落时投入该控制策略,能够限制有功电流的增大,同时给定无功电流。仿真表明,在光伏电站并网点电压深跌落和浅跌落情况下,该控制策略均能够保证光伏逆变器输出电流不过流,同时能够向电网发出一定的无功功率以支撑并网点电压的恢复,实现低电压穿越。     

基于PQ-QV-PV节点的光储输出功率主动控制方法

光伏接入配电网易产生电压越限问题,储能的有功调压能力和光伏逆变器的无功调压能力可向配电网提供有功和无功支撑,以减少电压越限并提高光伏的渗透率。通过分析光伏出力波动时光伏逆变器和储能对光伏并网点的电压调节机理,提出了一种基于PQ-QV-PV节点转换的光储输出功率主动控制方法。该方法首先给各个光伏并网点设置一个较小的电压波动范围,其次依照所提的主动控制策略将光伏并网节点类型根据并网点电压水平依次在PQ、QV和PV节点之间进行转换,从而在考虑减少网损的基础上将并网点电压限制在较小的范围内。仿真分析结果表明,该方法能很好地解决光伏接入下的电压越限问题。     

准Z源级联多电平光伏并网逆变器3次谐波补偿策略

光伏组件遮挡、老化等问题会使单相准Z源级联多电平逆变器单元间功率不平衡,严重时功率较大的单元会过调制,导致并网电流畸变甚至影响系统稳定。针对此问题,对单相准Z源级联多电平逆变器进行模型分析,阐述了过调制机理和最优3次谐波注入原理。在此基础上,提出一种优化的3次谐波补偿控制策略。该方法不仅能保证系统最大功率输出和单元间直流母线电压平衡,而且能根据拟合曲线选择出最优的3次谐波补偿系数,扩大逆变器运行范围,确保严重功率不平衡时所有单元都不过调制,抑制并网电流畸变效果明显。仿真和实验结果均验证了所提控制策略的有效性。     

非隔离型三电平并网逆变器的输出滤波器优化设计

将非隔离型三电平并网逆变器的LCL滤波器电容公共点直接引回直流侧中点,可以有效减小漏电流,但同时也会导致桥臂电流有效值增大且易发生共模谐振,降低了逆变器效率和稳定性。对于诸如光伏并网发电场合,建立了非隔离型三电平并网逆变器的共模和差模等效模型,在此基础上分析上述问题的产生机理,并提出一种基于共模差模解耦的输出滤波器设计方案。该方案首先在结构上将滤波电容分为并联的两部分,仅将其中容值较小的电容公共点引回直流侧中点以降低共模和差模滤波回路之间的参数耦合程度;其次在分析逆变器桥臂电流纹波和输出共模源频谱分布的基础上,给出所提滤波器的参数设计原则。最后,通过一台5kW三相三电平逆变器样机对所提滤波器优化设计方案进行实验验证,结果表明所提方案在满足并网标准和漏电流抑制要求的同时,能够有效提高系统稳定性和效率。     

Hybrid multilevel power conversion system: a competitive solutionfor high-power applications

Trends in power semiconductor technology indicate a tradeoff in the selection of power devices in terms of switching frequency and voltage-sustaining capability. New power converter topologies permit modular realization of multilevel inverters using a hybrid approach involving integrated gate commutated thyristors (IGCTs) and insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) operating in synergism. This paper investigates a hybrid multilevel power conversion system typically suitable for high-performance high-power applications. This system, designed for a 4.16 kV⩾100 hp load is comprised of a hybrid seven-level inverter, a diode bridge rectifier, and an IGBT rectifier per phase. The IGBT rectifier is used on the utility side as a real power flow regulator to the low-voltage converter and as a harmonic compensator for the high-voltage converter. The hybrid seven-level inverter on the load side consists of a high-voltage slow-switching IGCT inverter and a low-voltage fast-switching IGBT inverter. By employing different devices under different operating conditions, it is shown that one can optimize the power conversion capability of the entire system. A detailed analysis of a novel hybrid modulation technique for the inverter, which incorporates stepped synthesis in conjunction with variable pulsewidth of the consecutive steps is included. In addition, performance of a multilevel current-regulated delta modulator as applied to the single-phase full-bridge IGBT rectifier is discussed. Detailed computer simulations accompanied with experimental verification are presented in the paper     

Cascaded Common Nodal Point Multi-level Inverter Topology

Recent trends in the multi-level inverter (MLI) technology demand reduced number of switches, driver circuits, isolated DC sources, peak inverse voltage (PIV), appreciable number of voltage level, and lower total harmonic distortion. This paper presents an improved cascaded MLI configuration. Each module comprises ten switches, two isolated DC sources, and two capacitors; it can generate a maximum of 9-level output voltage waveform. Optimized switching sequence is developed that ensures minimum switching transitions and is implemented through single-carrier pulse width modulation for the control of the proposed topology. The classical cascaded H-bridge inverter and some recently developed MLI configurations were compared with the proposed inverter circuit. Results show that the proposed inverter configuration generates high number of output voltage levels with reduced number of power switches and PIV. It also has a lower per-unit power loss profile. Unit capacitor voltage balancing scheme is developed, which ensures proper control of the unit step voltage level in each of the cascaded modules, at extreme loading condition. For two cascaded inverter modules, simulation and experimental verifications are carried out on the proposed inverter for an R–L load. Simulation results of the output voltage waveforms and its harmonic spectrum are in conformity with experimental results.     

基于阶梯波与瞬时值反馈混合控制的光伏并网级联逆变器

针对传统光伏并网系统结构存在的问题,提出了一种新的阶梯波与电流瞬时值反馈混合控制的光伏并网级联逆变器方案。该方案一部分级联单元采取梯形波控制,一部分级联单元采取带电流瞬时值反馈的倍频正弦脉冲宽度调制,2个部分串联叠加形成输出电压。逆变器输出电压的谐波分析表明:调节正弦脉冲宽度调制波的移相角可以调节输出电压幅值和功率因数;逆变器输出电压低频谐波主要由阶梯波引起,为输出滤波器的设计提供了理论依据。对阶梯波调制逆变器的触发角提出了一种简易算法,该算法适用于电压级差不等模式且可实现触发角在线计算。实验结果表明,该方案结构简单,可靠性高,能有效降低开关损耗。