P-type non-isolated boost DC-DC converter with high voltage gain and extensibility for DC microgrid applications

In this paper, the concept of converter design, using the least number of elements and achieving high voltage gain at the low duty cycle, is proposed for the microgrids. One of the important issues in the microgrids is boosting the low voltage output of sources to the utility voltage level. Therefore, the step-up DC-DC converters are widely used in these systems to attain the utility voltage. The benchmarking of the converters mainly in terms of the voltage gain, efficiency, the number of active and passive components, stresses on semiconductors, and simplicity is considered. In this paper, a new extendable non-isolated boost DC-DC converter is presented. Comparing the conventional boost converter, the basic structure of the proposed converter has a high voltage gain and reduced stress on the switch. To increase the voltage gain, the basic structure of the proposed converter can be easily extended. The modulation technique employed is high-frequency pulse-width modulation (PWM). The detailed analysis of the proposed converter in continuous current mode (CCM) and discontinuous current mode (DCM) is presented. The relations between currents and voltages and the voltage gain in CCM and DCM are obtained. Experimental results are carried out to verify theoretical concepts by using the hardware prototype.     

Design and analysis of a high step-up single-switch coupled inductor DC-DC converter with low-voltage stress on components for PV power application

This paper presents a single-switch, high step-up, non-isolated DC-DC converter for photovoltaic (PV) power application. The proposed converter is composed of a coupled inductor, a passive clamp circuit, a voltage multiplier cell, and a voltage lift circuit. The passive clamp circuit recovers the leakage inductance energy of the coupled inductor and limits the voltage spike on the switch. Configuration of the passive clamp and voltage multiplier circuits increases the converter voltage gain. High-voltage gain without a large duty cycle, low turn ratio of the coupled inductor, low-voltage stress on the switch and diodes, leakage inductance energy recovery, and high efficiency are the main merits of the suggested DC-DC converter. Steady-state operation of the converter in continuous conduction mode (CCM), discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), and boundary condition mode (BCM) is discussed and analyzed in detail. Then, design procedure of the proposed converter is given. The presented DC-DC converter is compared with similar topologies to verify its advantages. Moreover, theoretical efficiency of the presented converter is calculated in details. Finally, simulation and experimental measurement results of 388 V-220 W prototype of the proposed DC-DC converter at 50-kHz switching frequency are presented to verify its performance.     

A Class of Quasi-Cuk DC/DC Converters: Steady-State Analysis and Design

In this paper, new topologies for quasi-Cuk converter are proposed. The proposed converters with different voltage and current transfer ratio and reduced voltage stress on capacitor can be employed in distributed generation (DG) systems. In this paper, steady-state analysis of two proposed quasi-Cuk converters in continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) is presented. Then, besides values designing of used elements, maximum and minimum values of their current and voltage are calculated. Moreover, critical inductances between CCM and DCM for the proposed converters are calculated. Unique features of the proposed converters are different transfer ratio without employing additional elements compared to the conventional Cuk converter. Comparison of the proposed converters with conventional converter in terms of voltage transfer ratio, voltage stress on capacitor, and voltage stress on switch demonstrates advantages of the proposed converters. Finally, experimental results to verify the accuracy of the proposed converters in different operating modes are presented.     

基于有源开关电感网络和DCM单元组的DC-DC升压变换器

针对传统Boost变换器存在升压能力有限、开关器件电压应力大和效率低等问题,基于有源开关电感网络和二极管-电容单元组(diode-capacitor multipliers,DCM)提出了一种新型高增益升压变换器拓扑,该拓扑在实现高增益的同时避免了极大的占空比,并且有效地降低了开关器件的电压应力。详细分析了所提变换器在连续导电模式,断续导电模式和边界导电模式下的工作原理和工作性能,推导了变换器的电压增益、开关管的电压和电流应力大小,并推演出n个DCM单元级联的高增益升压变换器拓扑。与其他文献提出的变换器在电压增益、元器件数量、开关管电压应力等方面进行详细的对比,最后搭建了一台功率约为130 W的实验样机,实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

A New High Step-Up DC/DC Converter Structure by Using Coupled Inductor with Reduced Switch-Voltage Stress

In this paper, a new high step-up DC/DC converter for renewable energy systems is proposed, which provides high voltage gain by using a coupled inductor without having to have high-duty cycle and high-turn ratio. Moreover, the voltage gain increased by using capacitors charging techniques. In the proposed converter, the energy of leakage inductors of the coupled inductor is recycled to the load. This feature not only reduces stress on main switch but also increases the converter efficiency. Also, due to the configuration of the proposed structure, the voltage stress on the main switch is significantly reduced. Since the stress is low in this topology, low voltage switch with small ON-state resistance value can be used to reduce the conduction losses. As a result, losses decrease and the efficiency increases. Meanwhile, the main switch is placed in series with the source and it can control the flow of energy from source to load. The operating principles and steady-state analysis of the proposed converter are discussed in details. Finally, the prototype circuit with 12 V input voltage, 300 V output voltage, and 60 W output power is operated to verify its performance.     

一种带开关电容的二次型高增益Boost变换器的研究

光伏、燃料电池等发电系统的输出电压等级较低且输出电压不稳定,需要通过高增益Boost变换器把较低等级的直流电压进行升压以满足并网要求。提出一种带开关电容的二次型高增益Boost变换器,在传统二次型Boost变换器的基础上引入开关电容单元,提高了变换器的升压能力,实现了以较小的占空比获得较大的电压增益,拓宽了输入电压范围。同时,该变换器改进了传统二次型Boost变换器开关管和二极管电压应力过大的缺点,减小了开关管的导通损耗和二极管的反向恢复损耗。另外,该变换器还有输入电流连续、输出电压纹波小的优点。分析了该变换器的工作原理及工作特性,在理论研究的基础上搭建了一台12 V/60 V的实验样机,实验结果证明了理论分析的正确性。     

High‐efficiency transformerless buck–boost DC–DC converter

A novel high‐efficiency transformerless buck–boost DC–DC converter is proposed in this paper. The presented converter voltage gain is higher than that of the conventional boost, buck–boost, CUK, SEPIC and ZETA converters, and high voltage gain can be obtained with a suitable duty cycle. The voltage stress across the power switch is low. Hence, the low on‐state resistance of the power switch can be selected to decrease conduction loss of the switch and improve efficiency. The input current ripple in the presented converter is low. The principle of operation and the mathematical analyses of the proposed converter are explained. The validity of the presented converter is verified by the simulation results in PSCAD/EMTDC software and experimental results based on the prototype circuit with 250 W and 40 kHz. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种差动型高增益DC-DC变换器分析与设计

针对传统DC-DC变换器电压增益低、开关管电压应力较高、输入电流和输出电压纹波较大等问题,提出一种由两个多电平升压变换器差动连接而成的DC-DC变换器。首先,详细分析了所提变换器的拓扑结构、工作状态以及电路参数设计。理论分析结果表明,在占空比为0.5时,该新型变换器输入电流和输出电压的纹波相互抵消,具有明显的纹波抑制功能。同时,当电容器以互补开关方式运行时,电容器纹波的减少降低了电容器的尺寸。此外,该新型变换器无需添加额外的开关管,驱动及控制电路设计简单。然后,对所提变换器与其他类似变换器在电压增益、元件器数量以及半导体器件的电压应力等方面进行了对比分析,进一步说明了所提变换器的优越性能。最后,通过仿真研究和样机实验验证了理论分析的正确性,以及所提拓扑结构在降低元器件电压应力、提高电压增益方面的有效性。     

一种高增益软开关直流变换器的分析与设计

在无需变压器隔离的光伏并网发电系统中,在光伏电池和并网逆变器之间须采用非隔离DC/DC变换器完成高增益变换。为此,提出了一种高增益软开关直流变换器,在相同电压增益条件下,其相对于传统升压变换器具有占空比更低、开关损耗更小、电压应力更低的优势。在分析变换器工作原理的基础上,对其性能进行了详细分析,最后搭建了一台48 V输入、380 V输出、额定功率为250 W的试验样机,实测最高效率为92.48%,实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

高电压增益混合型DC-DC变换器研究

随着分布式发电的出现,对高增益DC-DC变换器的要求越来越高。为了获得更高的电压增益,提出一种光伏发电用混合型高电压增益非隔离单开关DC-DC变换器。该变换器将传统的Boost和Cuk变换器并联,详细讨论了其拓扑结构、工作原理以及电路参数设计,实现了基于Matlab/Simulink的仿真研究和基于单片机的150 W实验样机。仿真研究和实验结果与理论分析吻合较好,验证了理论分析的正确性以及混合型DC-DC变换器拓扑结构的有效性。所提混合型拓扑使用元件数较少的单一功率开关,并能提供比非隔离式传统变换器更高的电压增益。该拓扑在单功率开关作用下可提供连续电流的工作模式,而且降低了功率开关和二极管的电压应力。     

二次型CCM Boost变换器能量传输模式

为了分析二次型CCM Boost变换器输出电压纹波特性,研究其能量传输模式.根据电感电流谷值与负载输出电流的关系,分析二次型CCM Boost变换器在开关管关断期间的能量传输模式,即完全电感供能模式(CISM)和不完全电感供能模式(IISM).分析在忽略输出电容等效串联电阻和存在输出电容等效串联电阻两种情况下,工作于CISM和IISM模式的二次型CCM Boost变换器的输出电压纹波特性,得出CISM与IISM模式的临界电感值和临界工作条件.分析结果表明,当二次型CCM Boost变换器工作于CISM模式,且忽略输出电容等效串联电阻时,输出电压纹波仅由开关管导通期间输出电容电压的下降幅度决定,与电感无关;而当存在输出电容等效串联电阻时,工作于CISM模式比IISM模式具有更小的输出电压纹波.实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性.     

Buck DC/DC变换器的输出纹波电压分析及其应用

为使Buck变换器以较小的电感达到期望的输出纹波电压指标并满足本质安全要求,在输入电压?负载构成的平面上,按电感的取值将Buck变换器划分成四个工作区域,求出其在各个区域的输出纹波电压极大值;指出在变换器输出电流最大的情况下,如果电感的取值使得变换器在输入电压最低时处于连续导电模式(CCM),而在输入电压最高时处于不连续导电模式(DCM),则输出纹波电压极大值最高;最小负载电阻和最高输入电压所对应的CCM和DCM的临界电感,即为整个工作范围内使输出纹波电压极大值最低的最小电感.实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性.     

一种应用于光伏并网发电系统的新型双输入DC-DC变换器

提出一种具有高增益低电压应力的双输入DC-DC变换器,该变换器由2个上下对称的耦合电感Boost变换器组成。具有单输入和双输入2个模式,在单输入状态下只有一个开关管工作;在双输入状态下有2个开关管工作。新型变换器可以通过改变耦合电感的匝比来提升变换器电压增益;输出端采用三电平结构使变换器开关管和二极管电压应力减小。分析了变换器在单输入和双输入模式下的工作模态;给出了变换器主要工作波形;推导了变换器电压增益,开关管和二极管电压应力,分析了漏感对变换器电压增益的影响。通过实验验证了理论分析的正确性。     

Expandable interleaved high voltage gain boost DC-DC converter with low switching stress

In this paper, an interleaved DC-DC step-up boost converter with high voltage conversion ratio and low voltage stresses on switches and diodes is proposed. The proposed converter has low average current passing through the diodes and switches and low input current ripple as a feature of interleaved converters. The voltage gain of the proposed converter can be increased by adding more diode-capacitor modules; therefore, the proposed converter has expandable structure. In addition, by implementing more diode-capacitor modules, the switching stresses would be more decreased. Also, to evaluate the performance of the proposed converter, it is compared with other similar presented circuits in the literature. The proposed converter is not only able to provide higher voltage gain but also has lower voltage stresses on switches and diodes. Consequently, switches and diodes with low voltage ratings can be selected. Theoretical analysis is provided in this study for each operation mode and the average current through the switches, diodes and inductors, voltage stresses on switches and diodes, voltage gain, and input current ripple are calculated. Finally, to demonstrate the accuracy performance of the proposed converter, a 450-W prototype is implemented practically.     

磁集成开关电容高增益级联Boost变换器

为进一步改善基本级联Boost变换器的电压增益等关键性能,提出了一种磁集成开关电容高增益级联Boost变换器。该变换器利用拆分开关电容的两个倍压单元,使之与级联变换器的前级储能结构重新组合,同时将磁集成技术应用其中,一方面实现高电压增益,同时减小开关管的电压应力与电感电流纹波。分析变换器的各个工作模态,推导出性能参数,给出了磁集成设计方案,最后通过仿真和实验样机实验,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

Single switch quadratic boost converter with continuous input current for high voltage applications

In this paper, a novel non-isolated very high step-up DC-DC converter is presented. The introduced converter benefits from various advantages, namely, very high voltage gain, low voltage stress on the active switch, and continuous input current with low ripple. Therefore, the presented converter is suitable for renewable energy applications. In addition, the energy of the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor is successfully recovered, and the voltage spike of the active switch is clamped during the turn-off process. Hence, a switch with low can be used, which decreases the conduction losses as well as cost of the converter. Furthermore, the voltage stress of the output diode is decreased, which reduces the reverse recovery problem. The steady-state analysis and design considerations of the proposed converter are discussed. Finally, the theoretical analysis is validated with the experimental results at an output power of 150 W.     

新型双输入Boost变换器

针对传统的多输入变换器(MIC)具有电路结构复杂、电压增益低或开关器件电压应力高的问题,提出了一种新型双输入Boost变换器拓扑结构.该拓扑由2个完全一致的基本Boost变换器子拓扑构成,每个基本Boost变换器的功率开关管分别并联一个功率二极管,在单输入状态时一个始终导通.另一个始终关断;在双输入状态时,2个功率二极管全部关断.分析了2种输入状态下的工作原理及各个阶段的工作模态,结果表明该变换器适合工作在双输入状态,且在此状态时可以实现2种不同性质的电源输入,具有电压增益高、开关器件电压应力低等优点.研制了一台输出功率为240 W的双输入Boost变换器原理样机,通过实验验证了理论分析的正确性.     

一种基于Boost电路的新型矩阵变换器及其谐波分析

在交-直-交矩阵变换器的中间直流环节上串联-工作在高频脉冲状态下的Boost升压电路,形成了一种基于Boost电路的交-直-交矩阵变换器Boost MC(boost matrix converter).利用其在高频脉冲状态的升压能力,达到提高矩阵变换器的电压传输比的目的.推导了相关的数学模型,讨论了Boost电路的不连续导通(DCM)工作模式,分析了电路拓扑结构,重点讨论了Boost MC的升压原理并对输入电流和输出电压进行了谐波分析.仿真试验结果验证了该方案的有效性和正确性,电压传输比可达到1.0以上,输出电压波形非常接近正弦波,谐波含量增加不多,且主要为开关频率附近的高次谐波.     

A non‐isolated high step‐up DC‐DC converter with integrated 3 winding coupled inductor and reduced switch voltage stress

In this paper, a non‐isolated high step‐up dc‐dc converter based on coupled inductor is proposed. The proposed converter can be used in renewable energy applications. In suggested converter, the high voltage is achieved using 3‐winding coupled inductor, which leads to low voltage rate of the switch. A clamp circuit is used to recycle the leakage inductance energy. Also, the clamp circuit prevents the creation of voltage spikes on semiconductor devices and causes the voltage stress of elements are limited to less than the output voltage. The presented theoretical analyses show that the operation of suggested converter in continuous conduction mode needs to small magnetic inductor. Therefore, the size of coupled inductor's core is reduced, and so the size and cost of presented converter will be decreased. Analysis of the proposed converter is provided with laboratory results to verify its performance.     

一种开关电感型准开关升压变换器

提出了一种开关电感型有源阻抗变换器,并对该变换器工作原理和连续导通工作模式的边界条件进行了探究;对变换器的各元器件进行了电压电流应力计算和参数设计。结果表明,该变换器具有电压增益高、电感电流应力低、元器件总体数量少等特点。利用状态空间平均法建立了变换器的小信号动态模型,证明了该变换器的稳定性。仿真和实验证明了该变换器的有效性。