Natural science and unnatural technology.

L. D. Smith responds to comments by P. A. Lamal (see record 1993-35767-001) and J. W. Kimball and W. L. Heward (see record 1993-35766-001) on Smith's (see record 1992-21952-001) article on the contemplative and technological orientations to science. Smith emphasizes that the article was not meant to suggest that technology be abandoned in favor of helpless passivity, but to urge that large-scale applications of behavioral technology be grounded in comprehensive models that afford a systematic understanding of the short- and long-term effects of behavioral interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reply to comments on the child-care debate.

Responds to comments by W. B. Johnson and D. Hayes (see record 1993-41125-001), J. E. Maddux (see record 1993-41129-001), K. McCarthey et al (see record 1993-41130-001), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Early Child Care Network (see record 1993-41132-001), and N. Shpancer (see record 1993-41138-001) on L. B. Silverstein's (see record 1992-05293-001) original article on child care and maternal employment, noting that the comments go a long way toward expanding the child-care debate, if not transforming it. Silverstein focuses on the role of psychology in policymaking and the responsibility of government in the lives of individuals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reply to Block and Buirski and to DeFrancesco.

Responds to comments by P. Block and P. Buirski (see record 1993-07301-001) and J. J. DeFrancesco (see record 1993-07303-001) regarding the authors' (see record 1992-06970-001) idea for a network of centers of excellence to provide postdoctoral training. The authors address services to the underserved, prolonged professional training, and a changing marketplace. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Existentialism and development.

Responds to comments made by G. Kose (see record 1993-25090-001), K. Sun (see record 1993-25097-001), and R. K. Meister (see record 1993-25094-001) on B. Vandenberg's (see record 1992-12211-001) article on epistemology and an existentialist consideration of development. Taking exception with Kose's definition of existentialism and Key's remarks on morality and cognitive developments, Vandenberg voices his agreement with Meister on having a developmental perspective on the concept of death. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Culture, development, and theory of mind: Comment on Lillard (1998).

In response to A. Lillard's (see record 1997-42548-001) suggestion that research on theory of mind does not adequately examine the cultural context of this thinking, the author proposes an extension of this view that emphasizes the development of theory of mind in sociocultural context. Questions about the study of theory of mind both across and within cultural communities are also raised. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Does mention (or pretense) exhaust the concept of irony?

Argues that neither mention theory, developed by D. Sperber and D. Wilson (1981) and J. Jorgensen et al (see record 1984-30875-001), nor pretense theory, developed by H. H. Clark and R. J. Gerrig (see record 1984-30869-001), can serve as a general explanation of irony. Consideration of a wider range of ironic utterances provides the basis for what may be a more useful category for psychological theory, and a display theory of verbal irony is proposed that focuses on the ironist's illustration of the situation for the listener. (7 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The case of Gary: In search of post-hoc quixotic flexibility.

Responds to M. F. Hoyt's (see record 1995-22250-001) commentary on T. F. Van Denburg and E. J. Van Denburg's (see record 1994-18427-001) response to Hoyt's (see record 1994-18395-001) commentary on Van Denburg and Van Denburg's (see record 1993-06526-001) article about a case of premature therapy termination. Issues related to limits and flexibility in treatment are addressed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The paradigm and the fuzzy logical model of perception are alive and well.

J. E. Cutting et al (see record 1993-00237-001) criticized the paradigm for inquiry and the fuzzy logical model of perception (FLMP) presented in D. W. Massaro (see record 1989-14292-001). In this reply to their remarks, it is shown that (1) the properties of the paradigm are ideal for inquiry; (2) models are best tested against the results of individual Ss and not average group data; (3) model fitting and ANOVA do not give contradictory results; (4) the FLMP can be proven false and does not have a superpower to predict a plethora of functions or to absorb random variability; and (5) various extraneous characteristics of a model, such as equation length, cannot account for the success of the FLMP. On the other hand, the empirical findings of Cutting et al give important new properties of pattern recognition. Finally, Cutting's theory of directed perception is compared with the FLMP. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Microgenetic methods revisited.

Responds to the comments of R. C. Fowler (see record 1993-05092-001) and M. Pressley (see record 1993-05123-001) to the authors' article (see record 1991-27066-001) regarding the microgenetic method (MM) of studying cognitive development. The authors discuss views of development and methodological issues to assert that the MM produces more useful data than available alternatives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reinforcement is not enough: Learned expectancies and infant behavior.

Comments that J. L. Gewirtz and M. Peláez-Nogueras (see record 1993-12989-001) should be congratulated for reminding infant researchers of the methodological and conceptual debt owed to B. F. Skinner and for highlighting the contributions that behavior analysis offers for an understanding of infant behavior and development. It is contended that the concept of reinforcement, although a powerful process in infant behavior and development, is incapable of explaining many of the findings of infant researchers, including those who rely on operant conditioning as their paradigm of choice. The concept of expectancy is suggested as an adjunct to reinforcement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Misological or misconstrued? Rejoinder to Reynolds and Hynd.

Responds to critiques of their article (F. M. Gresham and K. A. Gansle; see record 1993-11574-001) by addressing misconceptions and misconstruals of facts presented in the original paper, specifically issues of reliability, treatment validity, and the medical model conception of behavior. Since neither C. Reynolds (see record 1993-11588-001) nor G. Hynd (see record 1993-11579-001) had anything to say about the dubious validity of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-III-Revised (DSM-III-R), it is assumed that they agreed with the interpretations given. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychology of religion: Placing paradigm in a historical and metatheoretical perspective.

Comments that R. L. Gorsuch (see record 1985-02900-001) cogently discussed both the current status and the prospects for future success of the measurement paradigm in psychology of religion. S. McFarland (see record 1985-02927-001) criticized Gorsuch's measurement paradigm as being too narrow and proposed that personological and comparative approaches be added to form a more encompassing paradigm. It is suggested that there are historical forebears to McFarland's call and that a broader paradigm must be based on a conceptual framework. (21 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Symposium: Three perspectives on Paul Dewald's The psychoanalytic process: A case illustration": Author's discussion.

Responds to the critiques by H. K. Golden (see record 1993-10605-001), J. Newirth (see record 1993-10620-001), and I. Hirsch (see record 1993-10607-001) concerning P. A. Dewald's (1972) patient analysis. Dewald confirms the influence of the analyst's theory and technique on the flow of the analysis and on the analyst's subsequent interpretation of the analysis and recognizes the multiplicity of approaches to analysis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Hearts and bonds: Resisting classification and closure.

Responds to criticisms made by H. Peskin (see record 1993-45259-001) of the article by Stroebe et al (see record 1993-05637-001). Stroebe et al assert that their representation of J. Bowlby's (1980) conception of grief as lending itself to a modernist zeitgeist is an accurate one and that Peskin's views are idiosyncratic. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"The case of Helen R: A therapeutic failure?" A rejoinder to Hans Strupp's reply.

Responds to H. H. Strupp's (see record 1993-06521-001) reply to M. Snyder's (see record 1993-06522-001) comment on H. H. Strupp's (see record 1991-16137-001) article on the alleged failure of time-limited dynamic psychotherapy with a particular patient. When empathy is viewed as entering the other person's lifeworld, rather than simply experiencing his or her immediate psychological state, the risk of being programmed by a client to deliver a complimentary response that is self-limiting is greatly alleviated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Baseline conditions in structural induction: Comment on Pitt, Smith, and Klein (1998).

M. A. Pitt, K. L. Smith, and J. M. Klein (see record 1998-11401-003) claimed that a baseline condition is necessary in experiments using the structural induction paradigm (S. A. Finney, A. Protopapas, & P. D. Eimas, [see record 1996-07006-008]; C. Pallier, N. Sebastián-Gallés, T. Felguera, A. Christophe, & J. Mehler, [see record 1993-40045-001]) to correctly interpret interaction effects. In this article it is shown that this constitutes a misunderstanding of the interpretation of statistical interaction and that a baseline condition offers little unless comparisons between cells of different target types within induction conditions are necessary. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Observing the social world": Response.

Replies to the student reviewers (see record 1993-35323-001) of the author's original study (see record 1993-35289-001) concerned with developing research ideas from observations of real-life events. (0 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Riposte to Spezzano.

Replies to C. J. Spezzano's (see record 1993-33442-001) defense of S. Reisner's (see record 1992-16438-001) article against R. R. Holt's (see record 1992-27289-001) earlier criticisms. Holt admits that the tone of his criticisms may have been harsh, but he reasserts that there is a need for concern regarding objective intellectual standards of scholarly work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Decision processes in recognition memory: Criterion shifts and the list-strength paradigm.

This article focuses on decision processes in recognition memory. It begins with investigation of the hypothesis that the measured criterion increases systematically with the memorability of old items. Three experiments using the list-strength paradigm, and a review of the prior literature, present results consistent with this hypothesis. Several psychological models of criterion placement are examined, generating different predictions about the relative sizes of criterion shifts for strong and weak items. A range model, in which criterion placement depends on the estimated range of the old and new distributions, predicts that criterion shifts should be larger for weak items; this result emerges in a reanalysis of prior studies. The general discussion elaborates on how a focus on criterion placement can explain the mirror effect (Glanzer, Adams, Iverson, & Kim, see record 1993-40158-001) and provides a framework for testing Shiffrin, Ratcliff, and Clark's (see record 1990-13917-001) claims about why null effects of list strength occur with repetition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)