2.5 GHz低相位噪声LC压控振荡器

在0.35 μm SiGe BiCMOS工艺条件下,设计了一个全集成的低相位噪声LC压控振荡器(VCO).该VCO采用尾电阻结构替代传统的尾电流源结构实现电流控制,以减小尾电流源产生的噪声.该VCO的调谐范围为480 MHz,可以覆盖2.32～2.8 GHz.当振荡频率为2.5 GHz时,100 kHz和1 MHz频偏处的相位噪声分别为-104.3 dBc/Hz和-124.3 dBc/Hz.振荡器工作电压为5 V,尾电流为5 mA.工作在2.5 GHz时,其100 kHz频偏处的性能系数为-178 dBc/Hz.     

一款集成VCO宽带频率合成器

采用0.35 μm SiGe BiCMOS工艺设计了一款集成压控振荡器(VCO)宽带频率合成器.该锁相环(PLL)型频率合成器主要包括集成VCO、鉴频鉴相器、可编程电荷泵、小数分频器等模块.其中集成VCO采用3个独立的宽带VCO完成对频率的覆盖;鉴频鉴相器采用动态逻辑结构;小数分频器中∑-△调制器模数可编程,可以精确调制多种分频值.测试结果表明,在电源电压3.3V、工作温度-40～85℃的条件下,该芯片输出频率为137.5～4400 MHz,频偏100 kHz处的相位噪声为-104 dBc/Hz,频偏1 MHz处的相位噪声为-131 dBc/Hz,归一化本底噪声为-215 dBc/Hz.芯片面积为3.8 mm×4 mm.该频率合成器能为通信系统提供低相位噪声或低抖动的时钟信号,具有广阔的应用前景.     

U波段小数分频锁相环型频率综合器

使用0.18μm1.8VCMOS工艺实现了U波段小数分频锁相环型频率综合器,除压控振荡器(VCO)的调谐电感和锁相环路的无源滤波器外,其他模块都集成在片内。锁相环采用了带有开关电容阵列(SCA)的LC-VCO实现了宽频范围,使用3阶MASHΔ-Σ调制技术进行噪声整形降低了带内噪声。测试结果表明,频率综合器频率范围达到650～920MHz;波段内偏离中心频率100kHz处的相位噪声为-82dBc/Hz,1MHz处的相位噪声为-121dBc/Hz;最小频率分辨率为15Hz;在1.8V工作电压下,功耗为22mW。     

一种超高频RFID阅读器中的双环锁相环

采用GF 130 nm CMOS工艺,设计了一种低功耗低噪声的电荷泵型双环锁相环,该锁相环可应用于符合国际及中国标准的超高频射频识别阅读器芯片。通过对双环锁相环在带宽和工作频率上的合理设置,以及对压控振荡器中变容二极管偏置电阻及电荷泵中参考杂散的理论分析和优化设计,改进了锁相环电路功耗和噪声性能。仿真结果表明,该锁相环在输出工作频率范围为840~960 MHz时,功耗为31.21 mW,在距中心频率840.125 MHz频偏100 kHz处的相位噪声为 -108.5 dBc/Hz,频偏1 MHz处的相位噪声为 -132.3 dBc/Hz。与同类锁相环相比较,本文电路在噪声和功耗方面具有一定优势。     

一种基于偏移源的频率合成技术分析

针对一种基于偏移源的频率合成技术,建立了锁相环(PLL)线性模型,对相位噪声和杂散信号性能进行分析。从分析结果看,在锁相环反馈支路中使用一个偏移源将压控振荡器(VCO)输出信号下混频至一个较低的中频,从而将锁相环的环路分频比大大降低,使改善后的锁相环噪底达到-135 dBc/Hz。介绍了偏移源和主环的关键合成技术,结合工程应用设计的基于偏移源的C频段频率合成器,相位噪声偏离载波10 kHz处≤-99 dBc/Hz,偏离载波100 kHz处≤-116 dBc/Hz,杂散小于-70 dBc。     

一种低压低相位噪声的C类VCO

提出了一种低压低相位噪声的C类VCO电路。低压条件下,基于振幅反馈环的C类VCO存在振幅小、相位噪声差的问题,可以通过移除尾电流源、增加低通滤波器等方式来改善相位噪声。基于SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS工艺,采用Cadence Spectre EDA软件对VCO进行仿真。结果表明,当载波频率为2.27 GHz时,在1 MHz频偏处VCO的相位噪声为-126 dBc/Hz,在供电电压为0.9 V时,功耗仅为2.5 mW,FOM值为-189 dBc/Hz。     

基于电感电容振荡器的电荷泵锁相环的设计

设计并实现了一种采用电感电容振荡器的电荷泵锁相环,分析了锁相环中鉴频/鉴相器(PFD)、电荷泵(CP)、环路滤波器(LP)、电感电容压控振荡器(VCO)的电路结构和设计考虑。锁相环芯片采用0.13μm MS&RF CMOS工艺制造。测试结果表明,锁相环锁定的频率为5.6～6.9 GHz。在6.25 GHz时,参考杂散为-51.57 dBc;1 MHz频偏处相位噪声为-98.35 dBc/Hz;10 MHz频偏处相位噪声为-120.3 dBc/Hz;在1.2 V/3.3 V电源电压下,锁相环的功耗为51.6 mW。芯片总面积为1.334 mm2。     

宽带LC压控振荡器的相位噪声优化设计

采用0.35 μm BiCMOS工艺,设计了一款基于开关电容阵列结构的宽带LC压控振荡器.同时分析了电路中关键参数对相位噪声的影响.基于对VCO中LC谐振回路品质因数的分析,优化了谐振回路,提高了谐振回路的品质因数以降低VCO的相位噪声.采用噪声滤波技术,减小了电流源晶体管噪声对压控振荡器相位噪声的影响.测试结果表明,优化后的压控振荡器能够覆盖1.96～2.70 GHz的带宽,频偏为100 kHz和1 MHz的相位噪声分别为-105和-128 dBc/Hz,满足了集成锁相环对压控振荡器的指标要求.     

一种应用于NB-IoT芯片的压控振荡器

采用40 nm 1P6M CMOS工艺,研究与设计了一款应用于窄带物联网(Narrowband Internet of Things,NB-IoT)芯片的压控振荡器(Voltage Controlled Oscillator,VCO)。该VCO利用负反馈电路降低输出的相位噪声,通过电容减敏技术降低了输出频率相对于可变电容的敏感度,通过交叉偏置二极管技术提高了VCO增益的线性度。测试结果显示:VCO所需功耗为1.2 mW;当VCO震荡在3.49 GHz时,在偏离3.49 GHz的100 kHz、150 kHz、300 kHz、500 kHz和2.5 MHz的相位噪声的测量值依次为-92 dBc/Hz、-91 dBc/Hz、-100 dBc/Hz、-110 dBc/Hz和-125 dBc/Hz;采用此压控振荡器的NB-IoT发射机输出矢量幅度误差(Error Vector Magnitude,EVM)为7.8%,频谱辐射模板(Spectrum Emission Mask,SEM)和临近信道抑制比(Adjacent Channel Power Ratio,ACPR)均满足3GPP要求。可见,测试结果证明了所提出压控振荡器电路的有效性和实用性。     

433 MHz ASK接收机中低噪声锁相环的设计

采用0.18 μm CMOS RF工艺,实现了一款用于433 MHz ASK接收机的低噪声锁相环.系统采用优化的电源组合和合理的版图布局避免模块间的噪声干扰;VCO模块运用LC滤波器、LDO调压器,结合开关电容阵列调谐技术,提高相位噪声性能;针对鉴频鉴相器和电荷泵的非线性问题进行详细讨论和优化,提高了线性度.测试结果表明,电源电压为3.3 V时,偏置电流为7 mA,中心频率为433 MHz,在频偏100 kHz和1 MHz处,相位噪声分别为-96.47 dBc/Hz和-126.96 dBc/Hz.     

一种用于短距离无线通信并集成频率合成器的多模式多频带发射机

A reconfigurable multi-mode direct-conversion transmitter(TX) with integrated frequency synthesizer(FS) is presented. The TX as well as the FS is designed with a flexible architecture and frequency plan, which helps to support all the 433/868/915 MHz ISM band signals, with the reconfigurable bandwidth from 250 kHz to 2 MHz. In order to save power and chip area, only one 1.8 GHz VCO is adopted to cover the whole frequency range. All the operation modes can be regulated in real time by configuring the integrated register-bank through an SPI interface. Implemented in 180 nm CMOS, the FS achieves a frequency coverage of 320-460 MHz and 620- 920 MHz. The lowest phase noise can be -107 dBc/Hz at a 100 kHz offset and -126 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset. The transmitter features a C10:2 dBm peak output power with a C9:5 dBm 1-dB-compression point and 250 kHz/500 kHz/1 MHz/2 MHz reconfigurable signal bandwidth.     

使用三位三阶Δ∑调制器的集成1GHz小数频率合成器

本文实现了一个采用三位三阶Δ∑调制器的高频谱纯度集成小数频率合成器.该频率合成器采用了模拟调谐和数字调谐组合技术来提高相位噪声性能,优化的电源组合可以避免各个模块之间的相互干扰,并且提高鉴频鉴相器的线性度和提高振荡器的调谐范围.通过采用尾电流源滤波技术和减小振荡器的调谐系数,在片压控振荡器具有很低的相位噪声,而通过采用开关电容阵列,该压控振荡器达到了大约100MHz的调谐范围,该开关电容阵列由在片数字调谐系统进行控制.该频率合成器已经采用0.18μm CMOS工艺实现,仿真结果表明,该频率频率合成器的环路带宽约为14kHz,最大带内相位噪声约为-106dBc/Hz;在偏离载波频率100kHz处的相位噪声小于-120dBc/Hz,具有很高的频谱纯度.该频率合成器还具有很快的反应速度,其锁定时间约为160μs.     

A 2 V 1.8 GHz fully integrated CMOS dual-loop frequency synthesizer

A 2 V 1.8 GHz fully integrated CMOS dual-loop frequency synthesizer is designed in a standard 0.5 /spl mu/m digital CMOS process for wireless communication. The voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) required for the low-frequency loop is designed using a ring-type VCO and achieves a tuning range of 89% from 356 to 931 MHz and a phase noise of -109.2 dBc/Hz at 600 kHz offset from 856 MHz. With an active chip area of 2000/spl times/1000 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ and at a 2 V supply voltage, the whole synthesizer achieves a tuning range from 1.8492 to 1.8698 GHz in 200 kHz steps with a measured phase noise of -112 dBc/Hz at 600 kHz offset from 1.86 GHz. The measured settling time is 128 /spl mu/s and the total power consumption is 95 mW.     

A multi-band CMOS PLL-based frequency synthesizer for DRM/DRM+/DAB systems

A wideband frequency synthesizer is designed and fabricated in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology. It is developed for DRM/DRM+/DAB systems and is based on a programmable integer-N phase-locked loop. Instead of using several synthesizers for different bands, only one synthesizer is used, which has three separated divider paths to provide quadrature 8-phase LO signals. A wideband VCO covers a frequency band from 2.0 to 2.9 GHz, generates LO signals from 32 to 72 MHz, and from 250 to 362 MHz. In cooperation with a programmable XTAL multi-divider at the PLL input and output dividers at the PLL output, the frequency step can be altered from 1 to 25 kHz. It provides an average output phase noise of ?80 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset, ?95 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset, and ?120 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset for all the supported channels. The output power of the LO signals is tunable from 0 dBm to +3 dBm, and the phase of quadrature signals can also be adjusted through a varactor in the output buffer. The power consumption of the frequency synthesizer is 45 mW from a 1.8 V supply.     

A /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ fractional-N frequency synthesizer using a wide-band integrated VCO and a fast AFC technique for GSM/GPRS/WCDMA applications

A fractional-N frequency synthesizer (FNFS) in a 0.5-/spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS technology is implemented. In order to operate in a wide-band frequency range, a switched-capacitors bank LC tank voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and an adaptive frequency calibration (AFC) technique are used. The measured VCO tuning range is as wide as 600 MHz (40%) from 1.15 to 1.75 GHz with a tuning sensitivity from 5.2 to 17.5 MHz/V. A 3-bit fourth-order /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ modulator is used to reduce out-of-band phase noise and to meet a frequency resolution of less than 3 Hz as well as agile switching time. The experimental results show -80 dBc/Hz in-band phase noise within the loop bandwidth of 25 kHz and -129 dBc/Hz out-of-band phase noise at 400-kHz offset frequency. The fractional spurious is less than -70 dBc/Hz at 300-kHz offset frequency and the reference spur is -75 dBc/Hz. The lock time is less than 150 /spl mu/s. The proposed synthesizer consumes 19.5 mA from a single 2.8-V supply voltage and meets the requirements of GSM/GPRS/WCDMA applications.     

A low-noise, 900-MHz VCO in 0.6-μm CMOS

This paper describes a low-noise, 900-MHz, voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) fabricated in a 0.6-μm CMOS technology. The VCO consists of four-stage fully differential delay cells performing full switching. It utilizes dual-delay path techniques to achieve high oscillation frequency and obtain a wide tuning range. The VCO operates at 750 MHz to 1.2 GHz, and the tuning range is as large as 50%. The measured results of the phase noise are -101 dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset and -117 dBc/Hz at 600-kHz offset from the carrier frequency. This value is comparable to that of LC-based integrated oscillators. The oscillator consumes 10 mA from a 3.0-V power supply. A prototype frequency synthesizer with the VCO is also implemented in the same technology, and the measured phase noise of the synthesizer is -113 dSc/Hz at 100-kHz offset     

基于单片机控制的频率综合器设计

以ADF4360芯片为核心,设计实现了频率综合器作为1.95 GHz一次变频超外差射频接收机的本振部分,并制作了单片机控制电路。经测试,可以在1.6GHz～1.95GHz范围内以0.5MHz为步长调节输出本振信号频率。在频率为1.9GHz时,相位噪声为-68dBc/Hz（1kHzoffset）、-71dBc/Hz（10kHz offset）、-110dBc/Hz（100kHz offset）、-115dBc/Hz（1MHz off-set）。频率偏差小于50kHz。     

UHF RFID阅读器中低噪声Σ小数频率综合器的设计

采用0.18μmRF CMOS工艺结合EPC C1G2协议和ETSI规范要求,实现了一种应用于CMOS超高频射频识别阅读器中的低噪声ΔΣ小数频率综合器。基于三位三阶误差反馈型ΔΣ解调器,采用系数重配技术,有效提高频率综合器中频段噪声性能;关键电路VCO的设计过程中采用低压差调压器技术为VCO提供稳定偏压,提高了VCO相位噪声性能。多电源供电模式下全芯片偏置电流为9.6mA,测得在中心频率频偏200kHz、1MHz处,相处噪声分别为-108dBc/Hz和-129.8dBc/Hz。     

A 900-MHz 2.5-mA CMOS frequency synthesizer with an automatic SCtuning loop

A 900-MHz phase-locked loop frequency synthesizer implemented in a 0.6-μm CMOS technology is developed for the wireless integrated network sensors applications. It incorporates an automatic switched-capacitor (SC) discrete-tuning loop to extend the overall frequency tuning range to 20%, while the VCO gain (K_VCO) resulting from the CMOS varactor continuous-tuning is kept low at only 20 MHz/V in order to improve the reference spurs and noise performance. This frequency synthesizer achieves a phase noise of -102 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset frequency and reference spurs below -55 dBc. The synthesizer, including an on-chip VCO, dissipates only 2.5 mA from a 3-V supply