C对MGH956合金TIG原位合金化焊接的影响

对MGH956合金添加自制填充粉末进行TIG原位合金化焊接,分析了TIG焊接过程中C的原位合金化机制和行为。结果表明:在TIG焊原位反应的过程中,C对N的分压作用降低了N在焊接熔池中的溶解度,从而消除了氮气孔;同时焊接熔池中的C与Ti通过相关机制生成了50~100nm的TiC颗粒,并均匀分布在焊缝中。因此当填充材料中含有适量的C进行焊接时,不仅可以细化晶粒,同时能够显著提高焊缝的力学性能,从而改善焊接接头的综合性能。     

ODS合金TIG原位合金化焊接机理和接头性能

采用TIG焊对ODS合金MGH956进行原位合金化焊接,C、Y₂O₃和其他合金粉末被填充到焊缝金属中以生成复合化合物或颗粒,分析了在TIG焊接过程中C和Y₂O₃原位合金化的机制和行为。在TIG焊原位反应过程中,YAlO₃、TiC和SiO₂等颗粒在焊缝金属中生成,这些尺寸为50-100纳米和0.1-1微米的颗粒均匀分布在焊接金属基体上。使用含有适量C和Y₂O₃的填充材料进行焊接,C和Y₂O₃不仅细化了晶粒,还提高了接头的显微硬度和抗拉强度,从而改善了焊接接头的性能。     

Ti对SiCp/Al等离子弧焊焊缝组织的影响

对铝基复合材料进行等离子弧焊接,高温下基体Al与增强相SiC之间发生有害界面反应,生成脆性相Al4C3,严重降低焊接接头的力学性能．采用钛合金作为填充材料,对SiCp／6061Al进行原位合金化焊接,并将离子气由单一的Ar气变为以一定比例混合的N2＋Ar的混合气体,着重研究了合金化填充材料Ti对焊缝显微组织的影响．研究结果表明：合金化填充材料Ti的添加改善了基体与增强相间的润湿性,在一定程度上抑制了基体舢与增强相SiC之间界面反应的发生,抑制了脆性相Al4C3的生成,并获碍以TiN、MN为二次增强相均匀分布的焊缝显微组织,保证了焊接接头的力学性能．     

热处理对MGH956合金TIG原位合金化焊接的焊缝组织的影响

MGH956合金TIG原位合金化焊接后焊缝中合金元素易烧损,强化颗粒易聚集,研究了一种热处理方法对焊缝的组织的影响。焊接填充材料的ωV=2.0%,热处理条件为700℃保温2h后空冷。焊缝热处理后,晶界上的偏聚明显减少,在晶粒内部生成更多的细小弥散分布的颗粒,EDS分析主要为YAlO3、TiC和TiN颗粒,此外还有(Ti,V)C复合颗粒,由于VC比TiC与铁基的润湿角更小,复合颗粒与焊缝基体结合更好。通过原子探针分析,热处理后,焊缝中Y元素的偏聚减少,进而减少焊缝的气孔量,最终提高焊缝的性能。     

电弧超声在MGH956合金TIG焊接中的作用

为了改善MGH956合金的熔化焊接头性能,在其焊接过程中引入了电弧超声技术,以自制高Ni固体焊丝为填充材料对MGH956合金进行焊接,并与常规TIG焊进行对比,研究了电弧超声对焊缝组织和性能的影响.结果表明:电弧超声使焊缝组织得到明显细化,气孔数量减少;纳米Y2O3颗粒的聚集现象得到一定控制,且分布更加均匀;颗粒与基体Fe润湿性得以改善,使得两者界面结合良好,接头抗拉强度得到提高,达到615 MPa,同时焊缝的塑性得到明显提高,且使焊接接头由脆性断裂转变为完全韧性断裂.     

激励电流对MGH956合金原位合金化TIG焊接头性能的影响

通过高频调制TIG焊电弧激发超声,以自制焊料作为填充材料,在不同激励电流下对MGH956合金进行超声电弧原位合金化TIG焊接,研究了超声电弧对焊缝气孔分布、微观组织和接头性能的影响.结果表明:在激励电流为10A时,焊缝气孔尺寸明显变大,但数量减少,焊缝晶粒粗大;当激励电流提高到20A时,气孔数量急剧减少,焊缝晶粒细小均匀,颗粒状增强相弥散分布;激励电流增大到30A时,气孔进一步减少,但晶粒粗化.比较拉伸实验结果表明,激励电流为20A时,接头抗拉强度最高,为626MPa,达到了母材强度的87％,同时接头由沿晶脆性断裂变成韧-脆混合断裂形式.     

氧化物弥散强化高温合金MGH956的基本焊接性研究

氧化物弥散强化(ODS)高温合金MGH956是机械合金化工艺制造的氧化物弥散强化高温合金,针对MGH956材料采用电子束、氩弧焊、钎焊及扩散处理等连接工艺方法进行了基本的焊接性研究.对接头组织及接头性能进行了测试分析,三种焊接方法室温接头力学性能相当,接头强度系数均达到95%左右,氩弧焊焊缝中的气孔较多,而电子束焊焊缝中气孔相对比较少、室温塑性比较明显.从接头高温强度而言,真空钎焊工艺有明显优势.     

B_4C对MGH956合金TIG焊接头性能的影响

采用TIG焊对MGH956合金进行原位合金化焊接,研究了B4C对焊缝显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,填加B4C后焊缝以等轴晶为主,晶粒细小均匀,没有明显的氧化物聚集现象,晶内和晶界都有增强相;随着B4C含量的提高焊缝组织进一步细化,增强相几乎全部集中在晶界上,晶内颗粒状增强相消失。随着B4C含量的提高焊缝的塑韧性降低,抗拉强度先增大后降低。填加0.25%B4C时焊缝抗拉强度最高,达到630 MPa,为母材强度的87.5%,断口呈脆性断裂。     

在TIG粉末焊接中Y2O3对ODS合金焊接接头组织和性能的影响

ODS铁素体钢进行熔化焊接时容易出现氧化物颗粒聚集现象,采用TIG 填充粉末焊接能有效避免这种现象的产生,本文通过TIG填充焊接重点研究了焊接填充粉末成分与焊接接头性能之间的关系．试验结果表明:在合适的Y₂O₃填充粉末和工艺条件下焊接ODS铁素体钢,能得到外观美观无裂纹、高强度、高硬度的焊接接头;适当Y₂O₃含量的合金填充粉末能有效抑制ODS铁素体钢熔化焊接时氧化物颗粒的聚集、细化晶粒、产生新的增强颗粒相;这些均匀分布在焊缝金属上的纳米级和亚微米级颗粒呈Y—M—O类型结构,有效提高了ODS铁素体钢焊接接头的组织和性能．     

V对MGH956合金TIG原位合金化焊接接头组织与性能的影响

为改善MGH956合金TIG焊焊缝的组织与性能,采用原位合金化方法对该合金进行TIG焊接。对比不同含量V的填充材料对焊缝组织与性能的影响,并讨论了V的作用机理。OM和SEM结果表明:填充材料中添加不同含量的V后,组织出现了不同程度的细化及均匀化,当wV=1.5%时,晶粒最细、尺寸均匀,同时焊缝中的气孔量有所减少;对焊缝中的颗粒进行物相鉴定可知,除了有YAlO3,TiC和TiN颗粒生成外还有(Ti,V)C复合颗粒生成。由TEM观察显示wV=1.5%时,焊缝内的碳化物颗粒与焊缝基体结合良好,且wV=1.5%时,接头强度最高,并实现了接头断裂方式由完全脆性断裂转变为韧性断裂。     

AC TIG welding with single-component oxide activating flux for AZ31B magnesium alloys

Magnesium-based alloys are finding extensive applications foreground in aerospace and automotive applications. Weldability of magnesium alloys has recently been investigated with a variety of processes. In this article, the activating flux TIG (ATIG) welding of magnesium alloys with three single-component fluxes (TiO₂, Cr₂O₃ and SiO₂) under alternating current (AC) mode was studied. The effects of welding speed, weld current and electrode gap on the weld shape and the weld arc voltage in AC TIG welding with oxide fluxes were investigated on an AZ31B magnesium alloy substrate. The mechanisms of oxide fluxes on the arc shape and the arc voltage on the weld shape are discussed. The result showed that the TiO₂ and Cr₂O₃ increase the weld penetration of AC TIG welding of magnesium with good bead cosmetics. The SiO₂ increased the weld penetration with very poor formation of the weld surface. However, the arc voltage decreased with the used of TiO₂ flux, and increased with the used of Cr₂O₃ flux. The mechanism of TiO₂ and Cr₂O₃ fluxes increasing penetration should not accord with the “arc constriction”. It would comply with some potential effects of the flux interacting with the liquid metal of fusion zone.     

A Special Structure in Al-Mg-Li Alloy (01420) Weld Metal

A large quantity of laminated fine grain zones were observed in the Al-Mg-Li alloy weld metal by manual TIG, which was not found in ordinary Al alloy welds. The fine grain zone is formed because of the Al3(Zr,Ti) particles in the filler metal and the manual filling of filler metal in welding process     

电弧作用下AlSi5钎料在镀锌钢板上铺展及界面行为研究

采用 TIG 电弧钎焊试验方法,主要研究了电流大小、电弧加热时间以及弧长对 AlSi5钎料在镀锌钢板上润湿铺展及界面行为的影响。实验结果表明：随着电流、燃弧时间和某一范围内弧长的增加,钎料在镀锌钢板上的润湿角逐渐减小,铺展面积逐渐增加,并在某一特定范围时润湿铺展性能达到最佳;随着燃弧电流的增加,界面金属间化合物的厚度呈现先增加后减小的趋势,靠近母材一侧有 Fe2 Al5相生成,钎料一侧则生成 FeAl3相;Al 元素扩散到界面处与 Fe 元素发生扩散反应形成 Fe-Al 金属化合物颗粒,在钎缝中弥散分布着 Si 元素,对钎缝有强化作用。     

粉末熔池耦合活性TIG焊接方法

提出了一种新型活性焊接方法——粉末熔池耦合活性TIG焊(Powder pool coupled activating TIG welding,PPCATIG)。该方法采用双层气体进行焊接,内层利用惰性气体保护钨极,外层通过自动送粉装置将活性剂粉末随保护气体送入电弧-熔池区域,增加熔深,提高焊接效率,实现机械化自动化焊接。针对SUS304不锈钢进行了直流正接PPCA-TIG表面熔深,通过与传统TIG焊对比,研究了SiO_2活性剂对电弧形态、焊缝成形、组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:SiO_2能使电弧等离子体收缩、熔池金属流态改变,并且焊缝熔深能达到传统TIG焊的3倍以上,焊接效率明显提高。焊缝组织主要为奥氏体和铁素体,铁素体形态以骨架状为主。焊缝抗拉强度略低于母材,但相比传统TIG焊,焊缝屈服强度略有提高,其焊缝低温冲击韧性达到了传统TIG焊的96.8%,表现出了良好的力学性能。同时,采用该方法可有效避免活性剂粉末对钨极的污染。     

Microstructural evolution in AZ91D magnesium alloy during electron beam welding

Vacuum electron beam welding can have a low heat input, which means there is a minimum heat affected zone during welding of AZ91D magnesium alloy. From the observed microstructure, the weld of the AZ91D magnesium alloy can be divided into four regions, which are the weld metal zone, a partially-melted zone adjacent to the fusion boundary, a partially-melted zone adjacent to the base metal and the base metal zone. A sharp transition from the fusion zone to the non-melted zone, especially the characteristic partial melting microstructure and nature of the alloy elements, was observed. It was found that significant partial melting had taken place in the very narrow region around the weld metal of the AZ91D magnesium alloy. The Al content of eutectic β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ in the partially-melted zone adjacent to the fusion boundary was close to the content in the continuously precipitated eutectic β particles in the fusion zone and much lower than the eutectic β in the base metal. The fully melted eutectic β-phase coexisted with the partially melted eutectic β phase in the partially-melted zone adjacent to the base metal.     

Experimental investigations on welding behaviour of sintered and forged Fe–0.3%C–3%Mo low alloy steel

Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding is considered as one of the cleanest welding methods. It is generally adopted for thinner materials with moderate weld joint strengths. Welding of sintered porous materials continues to be a challenge due to the inherent porosity of the parent metals. The present research work attempts to address some of the issues relating to the welding behaviour of sintered and forged Fe–0.3%C–3%Mo low alloy steels under TIG welding. Rectangular strips of size 70 mm × 15 mm × 5 mm, obtained by blending, compacting and sintering of elemental powders of iron, graphite and molybdenum, were upset forged – both hot and cold in order to obtain alloy steel strips of various porosities. Two identical alloy steel strips of equal density were then welded both along longitudinal and transverse directions, by TIG welding, employing filler metal of suitable composition. The welded strips were then subjected to tensile test, hardness test, microstructural and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) fractography studies. Cold/hot upsetting of the sintered alloy preforms has led to enhanced density. As a result of improved density, their tensile strength and hardness values were also found to be enhanced. The welded alloy exhibited higher tensile strength compared to the un-welded base metal, due to strengthening by residual stress. Similarly, the strength and hardness of the welded alloy strips were found to be enhanced with increase in density. The tensile strength of welded joint is found to be higher compared to that of the base metal due to alloy metals segregation, rapid cooling and formation of acicular ferrite at the weldment of welded joint. No porosity was observed in the weld metal or Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) of the weld joint. However, the base metal had numerous micro pores, though pore migration towards weldment has not been observed.     

Activated flux TIG welding of Inconel 718 super alloy in presence of tri-component flux

In this study, we have explored the influence of newly developed tri-component oxide flux (Cr₂O₃, FeO, and MoO₃) on weldability, bead geometry, weld pool temperature variation, and mechanical strength of Inconel 718 welded joints. Moreover, the influence of used flux on weld pool, the surface morphology of electrode and penetration capability of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding on Inconel 718 plates have been well elucidated. Results indicate that the flux mixture significantly increases the penetration depth as well as aspect ratio almost 200% as compared to conventional TIG welding. The arc constriction caused by newly developed oxide flux upsurges the heat density and the weld pool temperature of joints. The alloying effect caused by entrapped oxide particles greatly improves the hardness as well as the tensile strength of joints. The reported reinforcement in the welding performance may increase potential utility of the developed methods for real-world applications.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser beam welded Al–Li alloy 2060 with Al–Mg filler wire

Alloy 2060-T8 is a newly developed high-strength Al–Li alloy for applications in aircraft industry. Crack-free welds were obtained in laser beam welding with 5087 filler wire under optimized welding conditions. In this paper, fusion zone microstructure and joint mechanical properties were investigated. Microstructure typical for the weld metal consists of α-Al matrix with a few nanoscale precipitates inside and a coarse icosahedral quasicrystalline T₂ phase at the dendritic and grain boundaries. The quasicrystalline occurred normally in Al–Li–Cu alloys with higher Li contents. Our investigations show that the icosahedral quasicrystalline phase T₂ phase forms in the laser-welded Al–Li alloy 2060 with lower Li content as a result of segregation and replacement of Mg element. The joint tensile strength in as-welded condition is around 317 MPa, about 63% of that of the base metal, and fracture occurs within the fusion zone.     

Activated-TIG Welding of Different Steels: Influence of Various Flux and Shielding Gas

In tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, a low depth of penetration (DOP) is achieved during single pass. To achieve the required DOP, the speed of welding should be reduced; thus productivity reduces significantly. In this work, influence of 14 different oxide-, chloride-, and fluoride-based fluxes are evaluated on DOP and width-to-penetration ratio during flux-activated TIG (ATIG) welding of low alloy steel (AISI 4340), austenitic (AISI 304 and AISI 316) and duplex (Duplex 2205) stainless steels. The effect of welding current and three different shielding gas compositions is also studied during ATIG for these workpieces. Arc and weld metal pool behaviors are captured in order to study the physical behavior of the process. Results revealed that oxide-based fluxes like SiO₂, MoO₃, MoS₂, CrO₃, and TiO₂ increases DOP significantly and in many cases through penetration (penetration reaches beyond plate thickness) is achieved. There is a noteworthy enhancement in penetration because of the addition of H₂ in shielding gas. Addition of helium also helps to increase DOP. Arc behavior reveals the constriction of arc column during activated TIG welding, and positive surface tension-induced flow in centripetal (inward) direction is observed.     

Study of the characteristics of duplex stainless steel activated tungsten inert gas welds

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the specific fluxes used in the tungsten inert gas (TIG) process on surface appearance, weld morphology, angular distortion, mechanical properties, and microstructures when welding 6 mm thick duplex stainless steel. This study applies a novel variant of the autogenous TIG welding, using oxide powders (TiO₂, MnO₂, SiO₂, MoO₃, and Cr₂O₃), to grade 2205 stainless steel through a thin layer of the flux to produce a bead-on-plate joint. Experimental results indicate that using SiO₂, MoO₃, and Cr₂O₃ fluxes leads to a significant increase in the penetration capability of TIG welds. The activated TIG process can increase the joint penetration and the weld depth-to-width ratio, and tends to reduce the angular distortion of grade 2205 stainless steel weldment. The welded joint also exhibited greater mechanical strength. These results suggest that the plasma column and the anode root are a mechanism for determining the morphology of activated TIG welds.