小口径管扭转模态导波在线检测

采用扭转模态导波T(0,1)开展了小口径管在线检测研究。考虑管线服役环境及其结构特征,研制了一种适用于小口径管线在线检测的新型传感器阵列。传感器采用剪切型压陶瓷晶片作为敏感元件,具有柔性、轻质的特点。实验表明,环向布置的传感器阵列能够在管线中高效激励T(0,1)模态导波;通过提取回波信号中的各模态导波信息,实验系统能有效辨识管线中缺陷的状态变化;对于含有支撑结构的小口径管,比较并分析管线中导波散射信号及特征结构处回波信号的变化有助于辨识支撑结构附近区域损伤的产生及扩展。     

基于超声导波的水下管道缺陷检测

文中介绍一套可拆式传感器系统设计与制作,利用超声导波原理对水下管道的腐蚀进行检测,基于厚度剪切模式的压电陶瓷和可拆式固定装置组成,可拆式传感器系统包括传感器PZT特别设计,并且可以把传感器装置夹在要检测的管道上。当对水下设备的管道进行了一系列的测试,结果表明传感器系统能够有效地激发和接收T（0,1）模式的超声导波,由于T（0,1）模式超声导波能够在水下管道上长距离传播,因此适用于缺陷检测。人为缺口的回波信号与缺口的尺寸以及位置具有良好的相关性。研究表明这一可拆式传感器系统能够利用导波有效地对水下管道进行检测。     

基于PZT传感器的管道扭转模态激励效果研究

导波激励模态单一性与衰减特性是导波激励效果的重要指标。采用PZT传感器,在建立基于PZT-5材料传感器并置于管道一端均匀对称分布的导波激励系统的基础上,以模态单一性与降低衰减特性为目标,研究了在低频段内模态特性以及传感器对T(0,1)模态的影响,得出了激励T(0,1)模态的最优激励方案。     

基于导波技术的小口径管网实时检测系统

基于超声导波无损检测技术,发展了一种用于小口径管网实时检测的新型诊断系统。系统包括以压电陶瓷晶片为敏感器件的柔性传感器阵列,导波激励接收硬件子系统及分析软件。柔性传感器阵列能表面贴装于任意尺寸的管线外壁,并可在管线中激励和接收轴对称模态导波。与现有导波激励接收系统不同,诊断系统包含有多通道的信号转换开关矩阵,能实现管网中不同管线检测所需信号通道的快速自动切换。检测实验表明,分析软件能有效辨识大于3%管线横断面积的腐蚀损伤,并能实时检测管线的状态变化,如腐蚀损伤扩展等。诊断系统具有检测效率高,使用灵活的特点,为小口径管网的实时检测提供了有效手段。     

基于SH0导波的电磁超声换能器设计与实验研究

传统基于周期性永磁体的电磁超声换能器结构较复杂,为此该文提出了一种由单一永磁体和导线阵列线圈构成的电磁超声换能器(EMAT)用于激发板中的SH0导波.首先叙述了设计的原理,并采用有限元软件进行三维数值仿真分析,利用水平极化永磁体垂直于板面的磁场在铝板中成功激发出SH0导波.为使EMAT换能效率达到最优,研究长和宽为10...     

基于导波模态对称曲线的管道近焊区缺陷识别

研究了模态对称曲线辅助识别管道近焊区缺陷的可行性。通过建立导波检测系统,基于导波模态对称检测理论,设计模态对称算法并绘制模态对称曲线,用于管道近焊区缺陷的识别,采集管道近焊区缺陷试验信号进行分析。结果表明,管道近焊区导波模态对称曲线幅值在缺陷处升高,且随着缺陷的截面积比的加大而增高。通过对回波信号进行小波包能量谱分析,发现回波信号的能量在缺陷处聚焦,验证了用模态对称曲线辅助识别管道近焊区缺陷的有效性。     

锥形结构超声阵列换能器研究

传统外形构造的换能器难以适应水下高速运动。因此,在头部为圆形或椭圆形的普通阵列式换能器基础上,该文设计了一种锥形结构的超声阵列式换能器,其可适用于水下高速航行器。通过有限元仿真确定了阵元尺寸与阵列构造,分析了换能器整体的声场分布,研制换能器样机并测试其电声性能。样机测试结果与仿真结果呈现出较好的一致性,换能器指向性与发射电压响应满足使用需求。结果表明,此种换能器结构具有实际的可行性。     

基于导波能量差的管道缺陷周向定位实验研究

针对超声导波检测需通过对回波信号进行分析而得到管道健康信息,而无法反映缺陷的周向位置信息的问题。文中采用超声导波方法对管道缺陷周向定位进行了研究,分析了超声导波在管道中遇缺陷后的能量分布,以及周向定位的原理。根据F(1,3)模态导波周向波数只有一个的特性,提出了象限能量差定位缺陷方法,并对该方法进行了实验研究,结果表明,方法可以准确地判定出缺陷所在周向位置。     

基于模态分离算法的管道焊缝缺陷周向定位研究

针对管道焊缝质量的检测问题,研究了一种基于超声导波的管道环焊缝缺陷周向定位方法,可快速确定管道焊缝中的缺陷周向位置。该方法基于超声导波模态分离算法,分离出焊缝回波信号中的对称、非对称模态,提取对称、非对称模态峰值,并利用非对称模态与焊缝中非对称缺陷的对应关系,确定缺陷所在周向位置。通过试验验证了该方法的正确性,并总结出可检测缺陷的范围。     

基于模态对称算法的直管道导波缺陷检测研究

针对直管道超声导波检测较难靠近管道结构处缺陷的问题,研究并设计了模态对称算法用于抽离回波信号中的非对称模态,对处理得到的模态对称曲线信息进行分析并评估管道结构处的健康状况。同时,建立管道试验系统对管道近焊缝处的裂纹回波进行采集,通过处理发现带缺陷处的模态对称曲线出现明显升高,加大裂纹缺陷,发现模态对称曲线幅值随缺陷的圆周对称度的增大而升高。该方法为避免管道缺陷的漏检提供了新的技术支持,且实现了利用导波技术对直管道结构处的区域进行准确诊断。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.