一种用于真空度测量的光纤传感器

介绍了一种用于测量真空度的光纤传感器,该传感器利用参考腔室中金属薄膜随系统真空度变化而产生线性形变的原理,采用一对450μm芯径的光学光纤分别做发射与接收光纤,通过测量基于光纤和金属薄膜的相对位移对反射光强信号的调制量,来确定真空度的变化。给出了该传感器探头的结构设计,并通过实验确定了光纤的最佳排列方式及初始位置。实验表明,在一定条件下该传感器所测得的反射光强信号和真空度的变化呈线性关系,并且具有良好的重复性。     

光纤接收光强的计算及其应用

本文基于新导出的光纤出射光强的分布公式，给出了光纤接收光强的计算方法。该方法具有一定的通用性，可用于外部调制强度型光纤传感器调制机理分析及新型光纤传感器的设计。作为该计算方法的应用和验证，给出了反射型光纤位移传感器调制特性函数的解析表达式，其计算结果与实验相符。     

微型反射式横向位移光纤传感器研究

提出了一种测量横向位移的微型反射式光纤传感器，可用于测量物体相对传感器轴线垂直方向的微位移变化量。从光纤出射光场的光强分布函数出发，用数值积分的方法求解出了反射式横向位移传感器的光强调制曲线，进而设计了光纤传感探头和电路。结果表明，传感器的测量线性范围是1mm，分辨率达lμm。     

用于油井相含率测量的光纤探针传感器研究

针对地面成熟三相流相含率测量传感器无法适应井下高温高压腐蚀的复杂环境,现有井下测量设备复杂,需要多种传感器和探头联合才能实现三相流相含率测量的问题,设计了一种光纤探针传感器。以蓝宝石作为光纤探针的前端敏感材料,利用气相和液相对光的折射率不同,通过检测探针反射光的光强来分辨光纤探针处于气相还是液相。通过检测经探针耦合进光纤的荧光光强分辨水相还是油相,从而实现单一探针传感器对油井内油相、水相、气相三相相含率的测量。     

一种轧辊磨损度的光电在线检测法

利用反射式光纤位移传感器的工作原理,通过对反射光强信号的检测提出了一种用于轧辊磨损度在线非接触检测的光电检测法.同时利用光电转换及信号处理技术,并采用一种新型等间距三光纤探头来自动补偿光源不稳定、反射体反射率不同、光纤传播损耗和弯曲损耗等因素产生的误差.研究表明,该传感器的分辨率可达到1 μm,精确度和稳定性均可满足实际要求,仪器可在工作现场进行多点在线非接触测量.     

基于光纤传感器的纸张水分检测系统设计

介绍了一种将近红外传感与AVR单片机控制技术相结合来测量纸张水分的设计方法,设计了适合测量的光纤传感器模型.根据纸张不同含水量对光强吸收不同的原理,利用AVR单片机对光进行控制,通过三探头光纤束传感器传输,照射到被测纸张,调制后的反射光由光电转换、对数、差动放大后,输入AVR单片机,经A/D转化后计算出含水量.     

多孔径接收相干合束系统性能研究

为了减小大气湍流引起的星地激光通信系统的性能衰落,采用基于光纤相干合束的多孔径接收方案。针对典型的星地相干激光通信模型,给出了通信系统的灵敏度和误码率随多孔径接收对湍流效应的补偿效果变化的数值仿真结果。同时基于已有的光纤合束方法搭建了一套4孔径接收的相干合束光通信接收装置,测试了2个和4个孔径下系统的锁相带宽。利用旋转相位屏模拟了不同Greenwood频率的大气湍流对光束波前的影响,保证了各路接收光强的不相干性。在此基础上,给出了相干合束前后光纤中的光强相对起伏方差。结果表明该系统能在弱湍流环境中有效地抑制光强闪烁。     

一种新型光纤加速度传感器的研究

基于光强调制原理以及耦合效率与纵向偏移距离 的关系,设计出了一种新型的光纤加速度传感器,突破传统 加速度传感器检测技术要求,实现高精度、高灵敏度以及具有快速响应能力。在发射光纤发 射光功率不变的情况下, 接收光纤的位置随系统振动而上下微动,从而导致接收的光功率发生变化。实验得到了在接 收光纤位移量由0～40μm变 化范围内接收光功率的变化规律和光功率随位移变化的拟合曲线。当接收光纤位移量为0时 ,两根接收光纤接收到的光功率大小相等;当位移量达到40μm 时,两根接收光纤的光功率差达到最大,模场分布差别最明显。实验研究了光 纤加速度传感系统的频率响应特性,得到了光纤加速度传感器频率响应特性曲线。在同一 实验平台上,通过与标准加速度计的测量数据对比,验证了本文光纤加速度传感器测量性能 的有效性和可靠性。     

基于PSO-BP神经网络的光纤传感器光强补偿

基于反射式强度调制光纤传感器在测量实验过程中易受周围环境影响造成光源波动以及对探头的欺骗,提出了一种补偿措施,使用粒子群(PSO)优化反向传播(BP)神经网络算法补偿传感器获得光功率值,该算法不仅利用了PSO的寻找粒子群体的最佳位置的搜索性能,还利用了BP算法比较强的局部最优权值阈值搜索性能,粒子群算法优化反向传播神经网络的权值和阈值,从而达到防止反向传播神经网络陷入局部最优的情况。实验中利用光纤探头内圈光纤和外圈光纤接收的光功率值分别对PSO-BP神经网络和反向传播神经网络进行训练,结果表明PSO-BP神经网络的均值误差小于BP神经网络的均值误差,说明其光强补偿的精度更高,该算法能更加有效地减少周围环境影响以及光源波动对光纤传感器光纤接收的影响,有较好实际应用价值。     

表面粗糙度激光散射检测的多波长光纤传感器

材料表面的散射特性和表面粗糙度对产品的性能有十分重要的影响,基于激光散射原理设计了用于检测表面粗糙度和表面散射特性的多波长光纤传感器。光纤传感器的探头采用特殊的几何设计,用650 nm、1 310 nm和1 550 nm激光作为光源,选择2 mm的工作距离作为最佳测量距离,对不同表面粗糙度的样品进行了测试和分析。实验结果表明:同一波长下,随着表面粗糙度的增大,以外磨样品为反射面测得的反射强度减小;同一粗糙度下,入射波长越长,反射强度越大。多波长光纤传感器可以精确地测量表面粗糙度,并能有效地减小系统误差。系统误差分析得到传感器的相对误差范围大约为3.56%~7.43%。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.