基于遗传算法的FIR滤波器设计

提出一种FIR数字滤波器的优化设计方法,即将遗传算法应用于频率采样法的FIR数字滤波器设计中。结合给定的FIR数字带通滤波器的技术指标,用遗传算法得到频率采样法中过渡带的最佳采样值,并分别用遗传算法与查表法对过渡带中采样点的频率采样法进行仿真实现。实验结果表明,采用遗传算法设计FIR数字滤波器可获得最大的阻带最小衰减,从而解决了传统查表法不能保证最优的问题。     

数字多普勒系统中的窄带滤波器的设计方法

随着软件无线电技术的发展,使信号的采样频率越来越高,而在高采样率的条件下,进行窄带FIR滤波器的设计是非常困难的。本文采用多抽样率结构来设计窄带FIR滤波器,使窄带FIR滤波器易于实现。另外利用多级结构并使用特殊滤波器可以有效地实现窄带FIR滤波器,通过多个滤波器的级联,放宽了对每个滤波器的要求,从而使滤波器的总的乘法系数个数减少,乘法运算率减小,同时又不增加滤波器结构的复杂。     

用频率采样法设计FIR滤波器

窗函数法和频率采样法是两种较为典型的FIR数字滤波器设计方法。目前,相关的《数字信号处理》教科书对窗函数法设计FIR滤波器进行了较为详细的论述,但对用频率采样法设计FIR滤波器这部分内容讲解得不够细致,让初学的学生感到难以理解。针对用频率采样法设计FIR滤波器的相关问题进行了较为深入的探讨,并结合实例借助Matlab软件进行了仿真和验证。仿真结果表明,选择合适的过渡采样点和滤波器长度,可以有效地控制阻带衰减、过渡带宽及计算复杂度。     

基于MATLAB的Sigma-Delta ADC中数字滤波器设计

为了将Sigma-Delta ADC中的SDM (Sigma-Delta Modulator)的输出码流降采样以达到Nyquist采样频率,基于实际的AUDIO CODEC项目,本文对两种数字滤波器(FIR(Finite Impulse Response)和IIR(Infinite Impulse Response))的MATLAB设计进行了描述和比较.其所需处理的SDM输出码流的过采样频率为11.2896MHz,数字滤波器完成256倍的降采样最终达到采样频率为44.1MHz,在音频范围内其最终仿真结果均达到SNDR在14bits以上.     

降采样FIR滤波器的设计与硬件实现

提出了一种完整的降采样FIR滤波器的设计和硬件实现方法。该方法首先利用matlab工具箱自带的FDAtool设计出降采样FIR滤波器的系数,然后采用横向抽头式结构进行硬件实现。硬件实现时,先利用FIR滤波器系数对称的特点将乘法器的数目减半进行初步优化,然后采用移位相加的硬件结构来取代所有的乘法器,从而使降采样通过在滤波器中加入降采样控制单元来一并完成。     

微型SAR的数字下变频设计

在微型SAR实时成像样机的设计中,对雷达回波在中频进行采样,然后采用数字下变频技术实现正交解调,可以减少系统的复杂性,提高雷达的数字化程度和性能。该文针对微型SAR方案中数字下变频设计中的难点,即采样频率高达2 Gsps,带宽900 MHz,实时处理的难度很大,根据具体设计参数优化了数字下变频的实现结构,重点比较了并行FIR滤波器和快行FIR滤波器的差别,然后在FPGA中编程实现了数字下变频模块,给出资源占用情况、运行速度和量化噪声影响,最后给出在微型SAR技术项目中的实际应用结果,理想的成像结果表明了该设计的正确性。     

多带FIR数字滤波器的频域设计

介绍FIR滤波器的FFT快速算法实现方法,推导了FIR数字滤波器的频域直接计算H(k)的计算公式,并进行分析与讨论.根据实际应用需要的滤波器的技术指标,以一个多带FIR线性相位数字滤波器为例进行设计.详细讨论了过渡点的优化设计方法,给出了边界频率点幅度搜索算法,通过用Matlab进行设计和性能分析,结果表明优化后的滤波器能够满足指标要求.     

基于时间模式信号处理的三阶FIR滤波器实现

文中提出了一种基于时间模式信号处理电路的三阶低通有限脉冲响应(FIR)滤波器的实现。滤波器拓扑由一组新颖的构建块组成,这些构建块在时间模式下执行必要的功能,包括z-1运算、时间加法和时间乘法。设计的时域三阶FIR滤波器的输出与采样频率同步,且该滤波器的拓扑结构是模块化的,因此只需增加延迟和乘法器的数量就可以创建高阶滤波器。滤波器是在28 nm三星全耗尽绝缘体上硅FD-SOI工艺中设计的,电源电压为1 V,采样频率为5 MHz,仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性,FIR滤波器在50 kHz的输入频率下实现了38.6 dB的信噪加失真比(SNDR),功耗约为200μW。     

有限冲击响应数字滤波器的DSP实现

数字滤波是信号处理过程的主要方式,FIR数字滤波器以其系统稳定和易实现线性相位应用更为广泛。设计了采用窗函数法的FIR数字带通滤波器,在DSP中采用单采样模式,在每一个采样周期内只产生一个信号输出值,实时处理采样后的信号。通过MATLAB进行滤波器的仿真,修改滤波器的参数使其达到设计指标。利用窗函数法设立的FIR数字滤波器,是获得较好的主瓣最大能量和旁瓣衰减意义下的最佳设计方法。     

粒子群优化算法在FIR数字滤波器设计中的应用

本文针对有限脉冲响应(FIR)数字滤波器的设计实质上是一个多参数优化问题,提出了一种用粒子群优化算法(PSO)设计FIR数字滤波器的方法.首先将滤波器的设计问题转化为滤波器参数的优化问题,然后利用粒子群优化算法对整个参数空间进行高效并行搜索以获得参数的最优化.FIR数字低通、带通滤波器设计实例证明了该方法的有效性和优越性.     

Filter design for MIMO sampling and reconstruction

We address the problem of finite impulse response (FIR) filter design for uniform multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) sampling. This scheme encompasses Papoulis' generalized sampling and several nonuniform sampling schemes as special cases. The input signals are modeled as either continuous-time or discrete-time multiband input signals, with different band structures. We present conditions on the channel and the sampling rate that allow perfect inversion of the channel. Additionally, we provide a stronger set of conditions under which the reconstruction filters can be chosen to have frequency responses that are continuous. We also provide conditions for the existence of FIR perfect reconstruction filters, and when such do not exist, we address the optimal approximation of the ideal filters using FIR filters and a minmax l/sub 2/ end-to-end distortion criterion. The design problem is then reduced to a standard semi-infinite linear program. An example design of FIR reconstruction filters is given.     

Frequency-Response Masking-Based Design of Nearly Perfect-Reconstruction Two-Channel FIR Filterbanks With Rational Sampling Factors

In order to ensure a good filterbank (FB) performance in cases where there are significant changes in the subband signals, the filters in such FBs must have very narrow transition bandwidths. When using conventional finite-impulse response (FIR) filters as building blocks for generating these FBs, this implies that their orders become very high, thereby resulting in a high overall arithmetic complexity. For considerably reducing the overall complexity, this contribution exploits the frequency-response masking (FRM) technique for synthesizing FIR filters for the above-mentioned FBs, where rational sampling factors are used. Comparisons between various optional methods of utilizing the FRM technique for designing FBs under consideration shows that the most efficient one, from both the design and the implementation viewpoints, are FBs that are constructed such that the bandedge-shaping or periodic filters are evaluated at the input sampling rate and the masking filters at the output sampling rate. This is shown by means of illustrative examples.      

The use of model reduction techniques for designing IIR filterswith linear phase in the passband

A technique to design IIR filters with linear phase in the passband is presented. This technique is based on model reduction of an FIR prototype using frequency weighting to improve the approximation in the transition region. Filters designed using the proposed technique are compared with linear-phase FIR designs and to IIR phase equalized designs with respect to computational complexity and group delay. It is shown that for highly selective filters, the proposed technique offers a good compromise     

Design of nonseparable 3-D filter banks/wavelet bases usingtransformations of variables

The authors present a technique to design two-channel filter banks in three dimensions where the sampling is on the FCO (face centred orthorhombic) lattice, The ideal 3-D sub-band is of the truncated octahedron shape. The design technique is based transformation of variable method equivalent to the generalised McClellan transformation. The filters are FIR, have linear phase and achieve perfect reconstruction. Although the sub-band shape is quite complicated, the ideal frequency characteristics are well approximated. This is illustrated with an example. The technique provides the flexibility of controlling the frequency characteristics of the filters with ease. The filters can be implemented quite efficiently due to the highly symmetrical nature of the coefficients of the transformation. The authors also modify and extend the basic design technique to impose the zero property (the number of zeros of the filter transfer function at the aliasing frequency) on the sub-band filters. This property is important when the filter bank is used iteratively in a tree-structured manner as a discrete wavelet transform system and the issue of regularity arises. Several design examples are presented to illustrate the design technique     

Automatic design of frequency sampling filters by hybrid geneticalgorithm techniques

A new method of designing recursive and nonrecursive frequency sampling filters is presented. We investigate the use of a hybrid real-coded genetic algorithm (GA) for optimising transition sample values to give the maximum stopband attenuation. A modification allows the coefficient wordlength to be optimized concurrently, thereby reducing the overall number of design steps and simplifying the design process. The technique is able to consistently optimize filters with up to six transition samples. Designing digital filters is a complex process involving optimization at several discrete design steps. The techniques presented could form the basis for integrating several of the optimizations. Investigations into increasing this integration by using a binary-coded GA to optimize nonlinear phase, quantized coefficient FIR filters are introduced, with an analysis of the difficulty of the problem from a GA perspective     

Flexible design of multidimensional perfect reconstruction FIR2-band filters using transformations of variables

An approach to designing multidimensional linear-phase FIR diamond subband filters having the perfect reconstruction property is presented. It is based on a transformation of variables technique and is equivalent to the generalized McClellan transformation. Methods for designing a whole class of transformation are given. The approach consists of two parts; design of the transformation and design of the 1-D filters. The use of Lagrange halfband filters to design the 1-D filters is discussed. The modification of a particular Lagrange halfband filter which gives a pair of simple 1-D filters that are almost similar to each other in their frequency characteristics but still form a perfect reconstruction pair is presented. The design technique is extended to other types of two-channel sampling lattice and subband shapes, in particular, the parallelogram and the diagonally quadrant subband cases. Several numerical design examples are presented to illustrate the flexibility of the design method.     

A digital signal processing approach to interpolation

In many digital signal precessing systems, e.g., vacoders, modulation systems, and digital waveform coding systems, it is necessary to alter the sampling rate of a digital signal Thus it is of considerable interest to examine the problem of interpolation of bandlimited signals from the viewpoint of digital signal processing. A frequency dmnain interpretation of the interpolation process, through which it is clear that interpolation is fundamentally a linear filtering process, is presented, An examination of the relative merits of finite duration impulse response (FIR) and infinite duration impulse response (IIR) digital filters as interpolation filters indicates that FIR filters are generally to be preferred for interpolation. It is shown that linear interpolation and classical polynomial interpolation correspond to the use of the FIR interpolation filter. The use of classical interpolation methods in signal processing applications is illustrated by a discussion of FIR interpolation filters derived from the Lagrange interpolation formula. The limitations of these filters lead us to a consideration of optimum FIR filters for interpolation that can be designed using linear programming techniques. Examples are presented to illustrate the significant improvements that are obtained using the optimum filters.     

大抽取率情况下的数字下变频技术研究

数字下变频技术是数字化雷达接收机的关键技术之一。本文针对大抽取率情况的数字下变频技术进行研究,提出基于积分梳状(CIC)滤波器和FIR滤波器级联方式的抽取滤波方法并进行了详细的分析。经仿真和硬件实现证明了该方法的有效性和可实现性,具有广阔的工程应用前景。     

Charge-domain FIR sampler with programmable filtering coefficients

A charge-domain sampling technique for realization of mixed-mode finite-impulse response (FIR) filters is presented. The method is based on weighting signal current samples integrated into a sampling capacitor with a set of parallel digitally controlled current-mode switches each carrying a unit current element. The fine achievable resolution and digital controllability of the filter tap coefficients allows realization of advanced programmable FIR filtering functions embedded into high-frequency signal sampling. Circuit-level simulation results of an example 50-MHz IF-sampler with a built-in 22-tap complex bandpass sinc/sup 3/ FIR function in 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS are shown, demonstrating the feasibility of the presented method.     

Frequency domain design of FIR and IIR Laplacian of Gaussian filters for edge detection

This work addresses the design of LoG filters in the frequency domain within a structure formed by the cascade of quasi-Gaussian and discrete Laplacian filters. The main feature of such a structure is that it requires half the number of convolutions of the classical structure in which the LoG transfer function is expressed as the sum of two separable transfer functions of 1-D Gaussian and LoG type. Such a perspective allows one to rephrase the design of IIR and FIR filters for edge detection as a frequency domain approximation problem solvable by standard digital filter design tools. The zero-phase IIR solutions have a good performance at low orders and approximation errors practically independent of the aperture parameter. The characteristics of the nearly linear-phase IIR filters solving the problem suggest the consideration of linear-phase FIR filters with zeros constrained on the unit circle. The use of such filters leads to remarkable computational savings with respect to the filters designed by impulse response sampling. The agreement between the edge values obtained by the filters designed according to the scheme proposed in this work and those obtained by standard techniques is very good.Work carried out with the financial support of the C.N.R.-Progetto Finalizzato Robotica, contract no. 91.01942.PF67.