创造力与城市管治

本文就创造力与创新之间的关系,以及在城市背景下管治的方式与实践等问题进行了研究;尤其对管活的“双重”创造力进行了详细分析：一方面包括在社会和经济的促进下培育激发创造力的潜力,另一方面也包括管治能力的创造性变革。作者认为,在富有创造性的城市与具有创造力的城市管治模式之间并不存在简单的平衡;相反地,应该倡导围绕城市管治的目标实施多层级的管理方式,以鉴别管治实施的效果。在特定情况下,这种检验对于激发创造力和创新具有重要的意义。文中首先列举了创新在三个方面的含义,并且概述了它们同管治活动发生关联的方式;接下来对各层级管治之间的相互作用途径进行了区分,分别归类为管治行为、管治过程和管治文化三个层次。通过这种办法形成一个评估框架,针对特定情况下城市管治实践自然产生的潜在创建能力进行分析研究;在结论部分,文章研究了管治的基础结构分类以及实施干预的不同情况,前者对于激发城市范围内富有想象力的创新活动具有重要意义,而后者能够将前者激发的力量汇同各种创意资源,以及有助于创新成功发扬传播的动员力量汇集在一起,实现创新成果的普及推广。     

城市政治经济学与城市管治

探讨城市政治经济学与城市管治的关系 ,认为城市管治是对各种社会经济关系的一种调整 ,因此城市政治经济学是城市管治的理论基础。简要回顾发展中国家和发达国家城市政治经济学与城市管治的研究 ,并从城市政治经济学和城市管治的角度分析中国城市化和城市人口迁移面临的问题。     

试论城市竞争力与城市管治

围绕城市管治与城市竞争力的核心关系,阐释了政府制度创新与角色变化的要求,及城市协作性竞争、城市经营中的相应管治理念。     

我国城市管治研究与思考

发端于西方的现代城市管治研究 ,其思路、理论、方法 ,能否为我们所借鉴 ,如何借鉴 ,就此分三个部分进行了探讨 ,即 :(1 )发展现代城市管治对我国的意义 ;(2 )目前我国城市管治中存在的主要问题 ;(3)探索适合我国国情的城市管治。     

全球化世界中的城市竞争与城市管治

在全球化的时代 ,资本和人才流动性很高 ,世界各地的竞争日益加剧。许多城市采用创业型的政策来加强城市竞争力。城市管治也从管理型向创业型转变 ,使城市管治问题变得更加复杂。探讨了城市管治与城市竞争力的互动关系 ,并用香港特区政府采用的增强城市竞争力的重大措施为例说明。     

论城市管治研究

首先阐述了管治与城市管治的概念及开展城市管治研究的意义 ,回顾了城市管治的理论渊源 ;然后重点论述了城市管治的研究进展 ;最后提出中国城市管治的主要内容和城市管治的研究方法。     

西方城市管治:概念与模式

首先扼要回顾近 2 0年来西方城市管治内容的主要转变 ,接着介绍三种流行的城市管治概念。然后引述了J·Pierre概括的四种城市管治模式 :管理模式 (Managerial)、社团模式 (Corporatist)、支持增长模式(Progrowth)和福利模式 (Welfare)。最后对西方城市管治及模式在中国的适用性问题进行了初步探讨。     

管治城市先管好人

<正> 建设部副部长仇保兴在本刊2004年第一期发表的《风景名胜与历史文化名城资源的保护与利用》一文中,曾提到欧洲一些国家实行的国家规划师制度。二战结束以后,法国就在全国经过考试选择了350名规划师作为国家规划师,由法国建设部负责把这些国家规划师派驻到历史文化古迹比较多的城市规划局工作,该城市所有的建设项目,必须先经派驻的国家规划师签字同意,再上报市长批准后才可以动工建设,所以城市的历史风貌、古建筑保存得非常好。法国、英国、意大利等这些国家的城市,尽管遭受了战火的蹂躏,许多城市毁灭了好几次,但是现在人们依然能在这些城市中清晰地看到几百年前甚至是一千年前的     

Digital Infrastructures and Urban Governance

Abstract

The urban built environment is underpinned by an increasingly complex digital infrastructure, which is posing a variety of unpredictable and unprecedented challenges for urban governance. The paper discusses how the new “hard” digital infrastructures such as broadband are accompanied by the need to understand the governance of public sector information; and in turn how this relates to the emergence of smart city strategies. The paper is illustrated using empirical examples drawn from Australian digital infrastructure development, with reference to the international landscape of “smart city” developments. It argues that there is a significant mismatch between the often small scale, bounded capabilities of municipal government, and the operational expertise and scope of technology firms.     

城市更新与社会治理

北京老城内前海和后海间由一座形似银锭的小桥衔接,天气好的时候,站在桥上向西凭栏远眺,近处水波翠柳,远处西山如黛,"燕京小八景"之一的"银锭观山"因此得名,更是老城内唯一展现山–水–城相融的景观视廊.从前走上银锭桥,有一栋积水潭医院高层建筑横插在山水之间,如今这栋楼地上层已拆除,又得"银锭桥横夕照间,依然晴翠送遥山"景致...     

Network Governance in Contested Urban Landscapes

Urban planning is one of the policy fields where new forms of governance are developing. The article focuses on governance networks as one emergent form of governance in urban planning. In governance literature, discourse networks are seen as a threat to representative democracy. This article argues that the consequences for democracy depend on the type of network that develops and its performance in relation to democratic norms. Governance networks are discussed through the lens of democratic network governance, the utility of which is explored as an analytical tool in a case study of urban planning in Norway. In this context a governance network was constructed as a response to market-orientated planning practice in order to enhance citizen participation and public debate. The aim of this article is to discuss the relevance of the theory of network governance relating it to new forms of participation in public planning processes. The study shows that governance networks could strengthen democracy, though important questions about meta-governance, however, remain unsolved. The article also shows that networks operating in an institutional vacuum tend to fail in institutional capacity building.     

由行政区划调整到都市区管治

都市区是现代经济发展的空间单元，管治是整合其中发展要素的重要手段。从行政区划调整的分析入手，结合国外有关经验，阐述了管治思维在都市区发展中的基本运用。     

汉口城市治理结构嬗变与城市空间逻辑的转换

明成化年间汉水改道后,汉口由 此涸出水面,由于地处优越的水运环境,商 贾云集,商业兴隆。因孤岛格局导致交通不 便,汉口一开始官治松弛,各地商人自发形 成同乡会和同业帮会共同管理地方,形成均 衡的晶体治理结构,达成地方自治。空间形 态由于缺少官方干预形成基于码头城市逻辑 的鱼刺状肌理,汉口日常生活丰富多元,社 会排斥较少,构成融洽的商业社会共同体。 1861年汉口开埠,导致经济结构转变,地方 自治开始瓦解,取而代之的是官方面面俱到 的监控,自治的瓦解出现社会异化,在汉口 城市中心向租界方向转移过程中,出现空间 分异。汉口城墙由于受新的经济逻辑影响修 建成后城马路,“马路经济”暂露头角,改变 了“水运经济”,城市规模也随之扩大,横平 竖直的新型道路加诸新式里分住宅的建设 模式于此滥觞。警察制度的建立极大挫伤了 社会生态,地方自治自此让渡于官方管理。     

城市管治及其本土化研究中的若干问题思考

介绍了管治产生与发展及其相关的概念界定,并对一些看似模棱两可的概念进行辨析。最后对我国城市规划中管治的本土化提出一些相关的建议,希望对城市与区域管治的进一步研究有所帮助。     

Putting Places First in Competitive Urban Transformation European Urban Creativity Perspectives and the City of Sarajevo

The inter-urban competition seems to be of paramount importance for city-development today. The extensive reliance of competitiveness-oriented urban governance agendas on the knowledge-based, ＂new＂ economy, introduced the notion of ＂creativity＂ into discussion on the future of urban development. Though still on the margins of serious urban theory, the discourse on ＂creative cities＂ that emerged in the early 2000s, has already had massive influence on the ways in which cities are managed and transformed in Europe. After examination of how the competitiveness-oriented strategies based on creativity and related to the qualities of place increase cultural and social sustainability of urban transformation and development, this paper briefly rethinks the current urban development policy of the city of Sarajevo in relation to the notion of ＂place＂, by leaning on the contemporary European urban development paradigm. The conclusion points out that the sustainable increase of urban competitiveness in Sarajevo should be pursued by the development projects of urban transformation promoting creative knowledge sector, based on the inclusive cultural urban narratives related to places, thus assuring simultaneous growth of creative knowledge industries and preservation of diverse social geography.