鲁北地区地热资源区划研究

本文分析了新近系馆陶组热储．古近系东营组热储和下古生界寒武～奥陶系基岩热储三个热储层组,认为这些层组属具有勘探和开发意义的热储目的层组,特别是新近系馆陶系热储组具有良好的热储地质条件。并根据地质构造条件、热储类型、地温梯度特征对鲁北地热资源区进行划分。在地热资源区划的基础上,按优先开发、次优先开发、一般开发、远景开发的原则进行地热资源亚区划分,将鲁北地热资源划分为6个区划区和16个区划亚区。     

浅谈闽西南坳陷带(大田—龙岩)铁、硫多金属矿控矿构造特征

闽西南坳陷带(大田—龙岩)铁、硫多金属矿床,主要为热液接触交代的矽卡岩型,赋存于晚古生代地层中,受层位中发育的缓断裂及后期的推覆构造控制。根据矿区实例及野外矿区资料收集和岩矿内鉴定,总结本区控矿构造的特征,初步探讨构造的控矿作用。     

Evaluation of Baltazor known geothermal resources area, Nevada

By virtue of the Geothermal Steam Act of 1970, the U.S. Geological Survey is required to appraise geothermal resources of the United States prior to competitive lease sales. This appraisal involves coordinated input from a variety of disciplines, starting with reconnaissance geology and geophysics. This paper describes how the results of several geophysical methods used in KGRA evaluation were interpreted by the authors, two geophysicists, involved with both the Evaluation Committee and the research program responsible for obtaining and interpreting the geophysical data to be used by the committee.     

漳州市干热岩重点工作靶区地热地质综合勘査与地热资源潜力分析

根据漳州市干热岩地质构造、地球物理、地球化学、放射性、地热等综合勘查科研成果资料开展系统深入综合分析、总结对比后,对全市范围内确定了九个典型工作靶区,从中筛选出三个重点工作靶区和六个次重点工作耙区,建议将其中的三个重点工作耙区列为漳州市国家干热示范区第一期的工作区,其他六个次重点工作耙区作为的第二、三期的规划工作区。现对三个重点工作靶区的地热地质等综合勘查成果与地热资源潜力分述如下。     

全球地热资源述评

地球拥有丰富的地热资源,全部地热资源基数约为3万亿亿t油当量,仅10～20年内的经济可采储量就有119亿t油当量,相当于全球1年的一次能源供应量.地球上高品质的高温地热资源并不丰富,而资源丰富的低温地热开发成本还较高.同其他类型新能源相比,地热能产业尚未做大,不过发展潜力较大.文章对全球的地热资源进行了评价,分析了地热能发展的制约因素,认为地热能虽然不可能在未来成为主流能源,但可作为其他能源的有效补充.     

Renewability of geothermal resources

In almost all geothermal projects worldwide, the rate of extraction of heat energy exceeds the pre-exploitation rate of heat flow from depth. For example, current production of geothermal heat from the Wairakei–Tauhara system exceeds the natural recharge of heat by a factor of 4.75. Thus, the current rate of heat extraction from Wairakei–Tauhara is not sustainable on a continuous basis, and the same statement applies to most other geothermal projects. Nevertheless, geothermal energy resources are renewable in the long-term because they would fully recover to their pre-exploitation state after an extended shut-down period. The present paper considers the general issue of the renewability of geothermal resources and uses computer modeling to investigate the renewability of the Wairakei–Tauhara system. In particular, modeling is used to simulate the recovery of Wairakei–Tauhara after it is shut down in 2053 after a hundred years of production.     

Study on the flow production characteristics of deep geothermal wells

This paper describes a study on the potential flow production characteristics of three non-producing, deep (average depth 4000 m) geothermal wells in the Cerro Prieto geothermal field. The expected production characteristics of these wells were computed in order to determine whether their inability to sustain flow was due to: (1) heat loss effects in the well; (2) the influence of casing diameters; (3) transient temperature effects during the first days of well discharge, and/or (4) the effects of secondary low-enthalpy inflows. For the study, the conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy for two-phase homogeneous flow were solved for the wellbore, since homogeneous flow provides the simplest technique for analyzing two-phase flows when the flow patterns are not well established. The formation temperature distribution was computed assuming radial transient heat conduction. The numerical model was validated by comparison with analytical solutions and with measured pressure and temperature profiles of well H-17 from the Los Humeros geothermal field, Mexico. It was found that the wells should have sustained production. The early heat losses were so large that the flow needed to be induced, and flow will be sustained only after a few days of induced discharge. For well M-202, the analysis suggests that the inflow of secondary colder fluids was responsible for stopping the flow in this well.     

Atlas of geothermal resources in Europe

The geothermal resources of most European countries have been estimated and compiled in the recently published Atlas of Geothermal Resources in Europe, a companion volume to the Atlas of Geothermal Resources in the European Community, Austria and Switzerland. Publication of this Atlas comes at a time when the promotion of a sustainable and non-polluting energy is high on the agenda of local energy suppliers, municipal administrations and all European governments. The participating countries are: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine and the UK. A volumetric heat content model for porous reservoirs was the basis for calculating the resources, assuming that exploitation of the geothermal resources would take place in a doublet well system. The geothermal reservoirs are defined in a set of 4 maps, by depth, thickness, temperature and resources. The assessment methodology is simple and is based on a small number of parameters so that regions with very limited data coverage can also be evaluated. An example is given in this paper of the eastern North German Basin. The maps presented in the Atlas permit a first order evaluation of the geothermal potential in terms of technical and economic viability. This uniform procedure applied to all countries and regions allows comparisons and serves as a guide for setting priorities and planning geothermal development. This Atlas also helps in the search for appropriate partners for international cooperation in geothermal exploration in Europe.     

辽宁省丹东市浅层地温能资源潜力研究

文中对丹东市浅层地热资源利用潜力进行了评价。丹东市地温能计算面积为427.5km~2,200m以浅及100m以浅的分别为274.1409×10~(12)k J/℃和138.8809×10~(12)k J/℃。按1kg标准煤热当量为29260k J计算,200m以浅和100m以浅的浅层地温能热容量分别相当于936.914万吨标准煤和474.64万吨标准煤。丹东市城区范围内地下水地源热泵系统适宜区,较适宜区面积为427.5km~2,可提供的换热功率为冬季1.25×10~6kW,夏季1.76×10~6kW。     

Developing the geothermal resources map of Iran

Geothermal exploration involves a high degree of uncertainty and financial risk, and requires reliable exploration data to constrain development decisions. The paper describes a geothermal exploration and resource identification method that is based on building a map of potential geothermal resource areas by combining geological, geochemical and geophysical datasets; it is a powerful tool for visualizing new and existing data during decision-making processes. By performing suitability analysis and geothermal area identification, and by establishing criteria to define geothermal resources with development potential, a map of Iran was constructed highlighting 18 promising areas.     

Exploring for geothermal resources in Greece

In Greece the geothermal areas are located in regions of Quaternary or Miocene volcanism and in continental basins of high heat flow. The existence of high-temperature (>200 °C) resources has been proven by deep drilling on the islands of Milos and Nisyros and inferred on the island of Santorini by its active volcanism. Elsewhere, geological investigations, geochemical analyses of thermal springs and shallow drilling have identified many low-temperature (<100 °C) reservoirs, utilized for spas and greenhouse/soil heating. Ternary K–Na–Mg geothermometer data suggest deep, medium-temperature resources (100–200 °C) in Sousaki, the islands of Samothraki, Chios and Lesvos, in the basins of Nestos River Delta and Alexandroupolis and in the graben of Sperchios River. In the basins of northern Greece these resources are also inferred from deep oil exploration well data.