浅谈钢中夹杂物的控制对钢质量的影响

钢中夹杂物特别是Al2O3夹杂对钢的质量、机械性能等有极大影响,必须严格控制.外来夹杂物可以根据其来源采取相应措施加以去除,而内生夹杂物却需通过脱氧工艺及钙处理工艺新技术加以控制.包钢为提高重轨钢质量,在改变脱氧工艺和采用钙处理技术上大胆尝试,并有较大突破,无Al脱氧工艺和喂线技术的应用对控制钢中夹杂物,提高重轨钢和其他产品的质量有明显效果.     

超低氧精炼时钙处理对氧化物夹杂的影响

 研究了采用LF精炼顶渣控制技术对钢液进行超低氧冶炼时,钙处理对钢中非金属夹杂物的影响。试验在转炉出钢时采用铝终脱氧,LF精炼过程采用强脱氧、高碱度、强还原性精炼顶渣对钢液进行超低氧冶炼,比较了钙处理和不钙处理的钢液中非金属夹杂物转变的情况。结果表明,采用精炼顶渣控制技术冶炼超低氧钢时,钢液不需要进行钙处理就能实现铝脱氧产物Al2O3→MgO·Al2O3尖晶石→CaO-MgO-Al2O3类复合夹杂物的转变,得到炼钢温度下呈液态的复合氧化物夹杂,这些液态的夹杂物容易通过碰撞长大上浮去除,得到高洁净度的钢液,且残留在钢液的氧化物夹杂为较低熔点的复合氧化物,在浇注过程中不会产生水口结瘤。     

LF炉无铝脱氧的工艺实践

介绍了承钢120t系统对钢中酸溶铝没有要求钢种的LF炉无铝脱氧实践。精炼过程中采用硅钙钡、硅钙粉、电石、碳化硅等对钢水进行无铝脱氧工艺,减少了钢水中的Als和Al2O3,精炼过程中加入Al2O3含量较低的精炼渣系,提高炉渣碱度,降低SiO2的活度,大幅提高硅的脱氧能力;优化钙处理工艺,对钢水进行深脱氧,通过夹杂物变性控制夹杂物的形态和尺寸。实践证明,对钢中酸溶铝没有要求的钢种采用无铝脱氧工艺后,没有降低钢水质量,提高了钢水可浇性,吨钢精炼费用降低2．96元／t。     

重轨钢非铝脱氧工艺研究

介绍了攀钢重轨钢非铝脱氧工艺，在满足钢中脆性夹杂物控制的前提下，采取“预脱氧＋终脱氧”的工艺，达到钢液脱氧良好，钢轨内部质量大幅提高，钢轨T[O],[Al]及氧化物夹杂评级完全满足200km/h高速铁路钢轨标准的要求。     

60Si2MnA弹簧钢炼钢过程的洁净度变化

对"BOF→LF→CC"流程铝脱氧造较高碱度精炼渣工艺生产60Si2MnA弹簧钢冶炼过程的洁净度进行了调研分析,并从理论上分析了冶炼过程钢中T.O、氮含量和夹杂物数量、尺寸及类型的转变过程。结果表明:冶炼过程钢中T.O含量逐渐降低,氮含量增加,盘条中平均w(T.O)=14.5×10-6,w(N)=30.4×10-6。夹杂物类型变化为Al2O3-SiO_2→Al2O3-SiO_2-Mg O-CaO四元复合夹杂物→Al2O3-SiO_2-MgO-CaO-CaS五元复合夹杂物。控制钢中w(Al)=0.03%左右,钙处理后钢水w(Ca)/w(Al)=0.08~0.11,Al2O3夹杂物能得到充分变性,形成的四元夹杂物处于较低熔点区,而五元夹杂物因含较多高熔点CaS而偏离低熔点区。     

X80管线钢精炼过程中夹杂物行为研究

研究了国内某厂生产X80管线钢精炼过程中夹杂物的转变.BOF出钢阶段加铝脱氧,钢中夹杂物以伴有极少量MgO的Al2O3为主;LF过程采用高碱度高还原性渣精炼,钢中Al2O3夹杂物向钙铝酸盐和CaO-MgO-Al2O3复合夹杂物转变,平均成分靠近低熔点区;RH真空处理后,夹杂物中Al2O3和MgO的含量减少,CaO含量增加,夹杂物成分分布较为分散;钙处理后,钢中CaO-MgO-Al2O3复合夹杂比例明显减少,CaO与CaS比例明显增加,夹杂物平均成分已经远离低熔点区,达到了高品质管线钢的冶炼效果.     

Q345精炼过程中非金属夹杂物生成热力学及工业实践

Q345钢采用铝硅锰复合脱氧,在LF精炼过程中,钢—渣—夹杂物—耐火材料—合金—空气多元体系下夹杂物成分会发生转变。由于纯铁液脱氧热力学不能指导工业生产实践,且目前实际钢液的脱氧热力学没有系统化,需要进行深入研究。结合Factsage7. 0热力学计算,分析了Q345钢LF精炼脱氧、耐材侵蚀、钙处理等引起的钢液[Al]、[Si]、[Mg]、[Ca]含量变化对夹杂物成分的影响。转炉出钢采用铝硅锰复合脱氧,脱氧产物主要为Al2O3,随着钢中[Mg]含量上升,夹杂物由Al2O3转变为MgO·Al2O3尖晶石。钙处理会将夹杂物由MgO·Al2O3尖晶石转变为液态Ca-Al-Mg氧化物,但当喂钙过量时,夹杂物中CaO含量偏高,会影响夹杂物改性效果。利用Factsage7. 0热力学软件分析出的夹杂物成分与直接检测结果一致。     

吹氩钢脱氧铝消耗及脱氧工艺对夹杂物的影响

 由250 t转炉冶炼吹氩钢的生产数据分析,发现转炉脱氧工艺对脱氧铝消耗的影响大。出钢全脱氧工艺比半脱氧工艺的脱氧铝单耗高0.28 kg/t、脱氧铝利用率低8.3%;随转炉温度的上升或氧质量分数增加,脱氧铝单耗逐步增加,同时,转炉温度的上升会引起氧质量分数的增加。通过对SPHC板坯在两种脱氧工艺下的夹杂物分析,发现：宏观上两种脱氧工艺的全氧控制水平相当,约为0.002 0%;半脱氧工艺的氮质量分数为0.002 0%,全脱氧工艺时为0.002 5%。微观上,夹杂物主要为Al2O3、Al2O3-MnS、氧化物和[MnS/MnS-CuxS;]全脱氧与半脱氧工艺相比,Al2O3夹杂物平均尺寸小0.6 μm、Al2O3夹杂物比例低约25%、Al2O3-MnS夹杂物比例高约20%、硫化物比例低约5%。Al2O3夹杂物尺寸的减小易于Al2O3-MnS夹杂物的生成。     

钛稳定超纯铁素体不锈钢硅铝复合脱氧的试验研究

 为改进超纯铁素体不锈钢的脱氧工艺,提高夹杂物控制水平,在硅钼高温电阻炉内对钛稳定超纯铁素体不锈钢的精炼过程进行了试验研究。结合热力学计算,研究了不同Si、Al含量(质量分数,下同)比值的硅铝合金的脱氧效果,以及脱氧、钛合金化和钙处理后钢中典型夹杂物的组成和形貌及粒度分布。结果表明：钢中初始氧含量相近的条件下,硅铝合金复合脱氧的钢中酸溶铝、全氧量与纯铝脱氧结果相近。硅铝复合脱氧后钢中夹杂物主要为(MgO-)Al2O3-SiO2复合脱氧产物。钛合金化后夹杂物的类型主要为Al2O3-MgO-(SiO2)-TiOx复合夹杂物和TiN。钙处理后的夹杂物主要为球形的MgO-Al2O3-CaO-SiO2-TiOx类复合氧化物。采用硅铝合金复合脱氧比纯铝脱氧钢的夹杂物的总数量、总面积和平均粒径均要小。     

Q345D钢精炼过程夹杂物生成及演变行为

冶炼Q345D钢时由于夹杂物导致的探伤不合格情况时有发生,为了进一步去除和控制钢中非金属夹杂物,通过工业试验研究了"LF精炼→RH真空精炼→钙处理→软吹→连铸"工艺中的夹杂物生成及演变规律,并通过热力学计算优化钙处理工艺.结果 表明,转炉炉后及LF进站时采用铝强脱氧,夹杂物主要为Al2O3,LF精炼过程采用高碱度、强还...     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.     

Seven Rare Earth Projects Involving Close to 3 Billion Yuan Investment Landed In the HighTech Zone

正On May 22,Baotou Rare Earth Industry Cooperation Consultation MeetingProject Agreement-signing Ceremony was held in Ningbo,nearly 40 enterprises from Ningbo,Guangdong,Hunan,and Shanxi participated in project consultation.After multi-lateral communication,agreements were signed for a total of 7 rare earth projects successfully.