Downlink capacity of interference-limited MIMO systems with joint detection

The capacity of downlink cellular multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, where co-channel interference is the dominant channel impairment, is investigated in this paper, mainly from a signal-processing perspective. Turbo space-time multiuser detection (ST MUD) is employed for intracell communications and is shown to closely approach the ultimate capacity limits in Gaussian ambient noise for an isolated cell. Then, it is combined with various multiuser detection methods for combating intercell interference. Among various multiuser detection techniques examined, linear minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) MUD and successive interference cancellation are shown to be feasible and effective. Based on these two multiuser detection schemes, one of which may outperform the other for different settings, an adaptive detection scheme is developed, which together with a Turbo ST MUD structure offers substantial performance gain over the well-known V-BLAST techniques with coding in this interference-limited cellular environment. The obtained multiuser capacity is excellent in the high to medium signal-to-interference ratio scenario. Nonetheless, numerical results also indicate that a further increase in system complexity, using base-station cooperation, could lead to further significant increases of the system capacity. The asymptotic multicell MIMO capacity with linear MMSE MUD preprocessing is also derived, and this analysis agrees well with the simulation results.     

MIMO系统中的交叉优化调度算法

多入多出(MIMO)系统中在多用户环境下可以在链路级利用空间复用或者在系统级利用多用户调度来提高系统容量。但是仅仅是分别优化MIMO系统链路级性能或是仅仅单纯在系统级进行调度是不够的,将两者联合起来进行优化可以获得更大的系统容量。为此,该文提出了一种新的交叉优化调度算法(Cross Optimization Scheduling Algorithm, COSA),将系统级的调度策略和链路级的物理层优化相结合,并且采用注水算法动态调整各天线的功率分配。仿真结果表明COSA算法不但在系统级为每个用户提供了公平的接入信道机会,而且在链路级中充分利用MIMO系统的空间复用特点以及动态的功率分配,提高了系统的容量。     

平坦瑞利衰落环境下CDMA系统的多用户检测性能

在采用传统信号检测方式的CDMA无线通信网中,多址干扰限制了系统的容量和性能。多用户信号检测利用扩频码互相关信息在高斯信道中可以减小或消除多址干扰,缓解远近效应,增加系统容量。本文将多用户检测器直接用于平坦瑞利衰落的CDMA环境中,用分析与仿真相结合的方法讨论了典型多用户算法的误码性能。结果表明,平坦瑞利衰落信道中多用户检测算法的性能仍然优于传统检测算法。     

Exact capacity analysis of multiuser diversity combined with transmit diversity

Expressions for the average channel capacity of a multiuser diversity system combined with transmit diversity at each link are presented under the assumption of independent Rayleigh fading. The analysis results exactly agree with the simulation results and definitely show the impact of transmit diversity on multiuser diversity.     

PERFORMANCE OF MULTIUSER DETECTION FOR CDMA SYSTEM IN A FLAT RAYLEIGH FADING ENVIRONMENT

In a CDMA communication network using conventional signal detection, system capacity is limited and its performance is degraded by the multi-access interference (MAI). Multiuser detection, which makes use of cross-correlation information between spread spectrum codes, can reduce or eliminate the MAI in a Gaussian channel so as to mitigate the near-far effects and increase the system capacity. This paper extends the multiuser detector to a flat Rayleigh fading CDMA environment, and discusses the bit error rate of typical multiuser detection algorithms in such a environment by combining theoretical analysis and computer simulation. It is shown that multiuser detection is superior to conventional detections in the flat Rayleigh fading channels.     

Effect of intercell pilot signals on cellular CDMA forward link

In cellular CDMA, the implementation of pilot channels on the forward link enables accurate coherent detection and synchronous transmission. In conjunction with concatenated Walsh sequences, this results in significant capacity gain. However, the undesirable co‐channel interference introduced by these intercell pilot signals is seldom addressed. Our analysis indicates that ignoring its effect can overestimate the capacity by as much as 15%. A partial implementation of multiuser detection is proposed to recover most of the degradation. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Selective Multiuser Detection for Cellular CDMA Systems

Multiuser detection-oriented CDMA systems have been anticipated to significantly improve system capacity in third-generation W-CDMA-based systems. However, they are greatly limited by the computational complexity of multiuser receivers. In this work, we propose a new, computationally efficient approach to multiuser detection (MUD), consisting in MUD of the subset of preselected users, and conventional detection of the rest of users, called selective multiuser detection (SMD). It allows for full exploitation of available processing power at the receiver by use of MUD and provides remedy for computational complexity of MUD techniques when the number of active users increases beyond the processing capability. We propose and examine three different criteria for selection of users to be processed by the multiuser receiver and analyze the capacity for the single-cell and the multicell CDMA cellular system. The capacity improvement with respect to the conventional CDMA detector combines the gain from MUD and reduction of other-cell interference. We apply the analysis to two SMD schemes using decorrelator and successive interference canceller (SIC) as the multiuser receiver. The results indicate that the SMD is a promising alternative for MUD-oriented CDMA systems with large numbers of active users.     

一种空时CDMA系统的多用户检测算法

多用户检测技术在实际应用中,难以解决的问题是在减少计算复杂度的同时又提高系统性能。本文针对空时CDMA系统设计了一种多用户检测算法,即附带噪声梯度的最速下降算法。此算法利用变步长迭代的思想实现多用户检测,避免了最小均方误差(MMSE)多用户检测庞大而复杂的求逆运算和固定步长收敛速度较慢的问题。计算机仿真结果表明,在空时CDMA系统中使用本文算法,收敛速度大大增加,同时在保持系统性能的前提下能够容纳较多的用户。     

A High Capacity Multihop Packet CDMA Wireless Network

Wireless multihop networks overlaid with cellular structure have the potential to support high data rate Internet traffic. In this paper, we consider techniques by which the system capacity of such networks can be increased. First, methods for increasing link capacity in single-user systems are explored. Subsequently, we consider a different set of techniques suitable for multiuser systems. We also investigate the effect of traffic dynamics on system capacity and ways to achieve the maximum throughput. Finally, we present capacity bounds which illustrate how these techniques help in trading off the conserved power for capacity advantage.     

一体化的数据链系统仿真架构设想

针对目前的数据链系统仿真需求,提出了一体化的数据链系统仿真思想,即在特定的作战场景下,对数据链系统的性能评估以及将数据链系统性能评估与C4KISR系统作战效能有机结合。描述了仿真系统的体系架构、统计指标以及实现的初步设想。由于兵力生成软件、网络仿真工具及HLA架构仿真标准的发展已相对成熟,提出的仿真设想是切实可行的。     

Is multiuser detection beneficial to mixed service UMTS networks?

The main objective of this paper is to investigate linear multiuser detection for the uplink of present mixed service UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) networks in terms of system capacity, system coverage as well as power reduction. For the system performance assessments we apply a two-stage power control multiuser detection algorithm where the users are detected by a multiuser block detection. We evaluate the UTRAN FDD load control parameter noise rise and show corresponding system capacity bounds for different service mixes carried over dedicated channels with data rates up to 64 kbit/s. Note that for typical UTRAN FDD services the signal-to-noise operating points of a multiuser detector are very low (less than 0 dB). These low signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINR) operating points severely limit multiuser detection performance gains. Compared to single-user-matched filtering the minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector leads to fairly modest system capacity gains up to 60% dependent on the service mix assumed while the decorrelator is even worse. With respect to coverage as well as mobile station power, MMSE detection indicates fair to high improvements.     

空间相关对发射分集系统的多用户分集性能的影响

研究空间相关对发射分集结合调度策略的多用户系统下行链路性能的影响.推导出发射天线之间存在空间相关的条件下,TxAA(Transmit Adaptive Array)、STBC(Space-Time Block Coding)结合调度策略的多用户系统平均容量的表达式,在此基础上研究其平均容量.通过仿真验证理论分析的有效性.结果表明,发射天线之间的空间相关性会提高多用户系统的平均容量,另外TxAA在各种相关条件下的系统平均容量都优于STBC.     

Novel Turbo Receiver for MU-MIMO SC-FDMA System

Single carrier-frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) has been adopted as the uplink transmission standard in fourth-generation cellular networks to facilitate power efficiency transmission in mobile stations. Because multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) is a promising technology employed to fully exploit the channel capacity in mobile radio networks, this study investigates the uplink transmission of MU-MIMO SC-FDMA systems with orthogonal space-frequency block codes (SFBCs). It is preferable to minimize the length of the cyclic prefix (CP). In this study, the chained turbo equalization technique with chained turbo estimation is employed in the designed receiver. Chained turbo estimation employs a short training sequence to improve the spectrum efficiency without compromising the estimation accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel and spectrally efficient iterative joint-channel estimation, multiuser detection, and turbo equalization for an MU-MIMO SC-FDMA system without CP-insertion and with short TR. Some simulation examples are presented for the uplink scenario to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

一种基于准奇异子空间传输的MIMO多用户群检测方法

在多用户MIMO系统中,共享信道用户之间干扰是系统噪声的主要来源.基于压制用户间干扰的考虑,本文提出一种类似奇异子空间传输的多用户检测的方法.这种方法由于在发送端只需要得到部分信道状态信息.从而大大的减轻了回馈链路的通信负担.这在系统内用户数量很多的时候对系统资源的节省尤为明显.为了使这种传输方法能够获得更好的总体信道容量,进一步给出了与此传输系统相匹配多用户调度准则.另外由于这个传输方法中只用到了信道的左右奇异向量,因此系统性能将不受到信道自相关的影响.最后通过仿真的方法证明了这种传输方法能够提供很理想的系统性能.     

Modeling and performance evaluation of multiuser MIMO systems using real-valued matrices

A discrete-time matrix transmission model is introduced for wideband multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission systems. The model is more general than existing ones in the sense that it incorporates correlated interference and noise by means of prewhitening. It allows a flexible treatment of users that may or may not be included in a joint detection process. On the basis of the matrix transmission model, conventional multiuser detection techniques are easily adapted for the multiuser MIMO case. It is shown that for certain types of interference, a linear matrix transmission model exists only for a real-valued notation. Moreover, the real-valued notation provides the possibility to include space-time block codes in the linear transmission model. In order to endorse the introduction of this particular matrix model, we show that the discrete-time transmission matrix immediately determines the capacity of the MIMO transmission system. Some simulation results based on optimum and suboptimum detection techniques indicate that the loss of performance due to the exclusion of users from joint detection is quite small.     

A multiuser interference cancellation technique utilizingconvolutional codes and orthogonal multicarrier modulation for wirelessindoor communications

This paper suggests that multicarrier modulation reduces the complexity and the delay caused by the multiuser interference cancellation process utilizing convolutional codes. For spread spectrum multiple access, multiuser interference (interference due to signals from other users) limits the performance of the communication link. To remove this interference, a multiuser interference cancellation technique which utilizes orthogonal convolutional codes has been proposed for the uplink (mobiles to a base station) of the cellular code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. However, this technique requires large interleavers and huge memory, or artificial multipath diversity and a RAKE system to achieve sufficient coding gain if it is applied to wireless indoor communications and fading is slow compared to the data rate. To reduce the complexity of the canceller, multicarrier modulation is employed as it provides frequency diversity gain and coding gain without the interleavers or a RAKE system. This paper shows that multicarrier modulation reduces the complexity of the canceller and still provides sufficient coding gain in order to cancel the multiuser interference. A canceller with decoding in the initial decision and multicarrier modulation improves the capacity by a factor of 1.4 as compared with a canceller without decoding     

基于Kalman滤波的盲多用户检测算法

盲多用户检测技术是第三代移动通信的关键技术,本文仿真分析了DS-CDMA通信系统中盲多用户检测的Kalman滤波算法的性能.并且将子空间算法和Kalman滤波算法进行结合,使得盲多用户检测的Kalman滤波算法的计算量大大降低.     

一种基于子空间的盲多用户检测算法分析

多用户检测技术是扩频通信中解决多址干扰问题的一种重要技术。介绍了基于子空间盲多用户检测的原理。通过空间分解得到信号子空间,利用信号子空间的特征值和特征向量得到解相关多用户检测器,分析了其性能,并通过仿真证明其在有效性、抗远近效应等方面都较理想,是一种很有前途的多用户检测方法。     

Semiblind linear parallel interference cancellation multiuser detectors for DS-CDMA systems

Semiblind multiuser detection for the reverse link of a multicell code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system is considered. In such a system, although active users are present in the home cell and neighboring cells, the base station receiver only knows the signature information of the users in its own cell. Three new semiblind linear multiuser detectors are proposed based on parallel interference cancellation approach. Compared with some known semiblind detectors, the proposed detectors share a rather simple implementation structure and involve reduced latency for processing, which are of particular importance in a time-varying CDMA system. Numerical results are presented to compare the detection performance of the proposed detectors with that of some existing semiblind multiuser detectors.     

LTE系统中的信号检测算法性能分析

为了满足高数据率和高系统容量的需求,LTE系统采用了MIM0多天线技术。MIMO信号检测算法的性能将直接影响系统的整体性能。本文主要介绍7＂LTE系统中的ZF、MMSE、OSIC和Turbo迭代检测算法,并通过LTE下行链路仿真对其进行性能分析。结果表NTurbo迭代检测性能最优,并选择2次迭代即可。MMSE—OSIC、MMSE、ZF—OSIC性能次之,ZF性能最差。