水轮机制动器螺栓断裂原因分析

某水电站水轮机制动器闸板螺栓发生断裂,通过宏观观察、断口微观分析、化学成分分析、金相检验及硬度测试等方法对螺栓的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:螺栓的螺纹表面存在折叠和微裂纹等加工缺陷,应力在该处集中;且生产过程中热处理工艺控制不当,螺栓显微组织不是调质组织,且存在魏氏组织,使螺栓力学性能下降;当受到较大冲击力时,裂纹从加工缺陷处起裂并迅速扩展,导致螺栓断裂。     

某直升机连接螺栓断裂原因

某型直升机固定尾减速机钛合金内侧压板的3件35Ni4Cr2MoA钢连接螺栓在试车时发生了断裂。通过宏观观察、断口分析、金相检验、力学性能试验和氢含量测试等方法,分析了连接螺栓的断裂原因。结果表明:连接螺栓的失效模式为疲劳断裂,压板孔壁与螺栓杆部的局部挤压损伤形成了疲劳裂纹源,试车过程中裂纹不断扩展,最终导致了连接螺栓的断裂。     

快卸卡箍螺栓断裂原因分析

通过断口形貌观察、X射线能谱分析、金相检验和硬度检测等试验方法,对某燃油供油导管快卸卡箍螺栓的断裂原因进行了分析,并与螺栓冲击断口和氢致疲劳断口进行了比较分析。结果表明:该快卸卡箍螺栓断口特征与冲击断口和氢致疲劳断口明显不同,其断裂性质为应力腐蚀断裂,裂纹起源于螺栓光杆段的侧表面;螺栓表面加工粗糙且没有防护对裂纹的萌生有一定的影响。对螺栓表面进行防腐处理可有效避免该类故障的再次发生。     

TC4钛合金高锁螺栓发生异常双剪断裂原因

某TC4钛合金高锁螺栓在双剪试验过程中发生异常断裂.采用宏观观察、显微组织观察、断口分析和双剪试验,分析了该高锁螺栓发生异常双剪断裂的原因.结果表明:在该高锁螺栓的热处理过程中,其在真空炉中未被及时取出,使螺栓在炉中长时间保温,形成较厚的表面污染层和显微裂纹;通过分析高锁螺栓的加工工艺可知,在热处理后的精车工序中,加工...     

主汽门阀盖螺栓断裂失效分析

某电厂在停炉检修时发现一主汽门阀盖螺栓断裂失效,采用宏观分析、化学成分分析、硬度试验、金相分析、断口以及能谱分析等方法对螺栓断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:螺栓断裂的主要原因为螺栓显微组织粗大且不均匀,在长期高温和应力作用下,局部位置的晶界发生蠕变产生蠕变孔洞;然后在腐蚀介质的作用下,裂纹从晶界蠕变孔洞处萌生并沿晶界扩展,最终造成一次性沿晶脆性断裂。     

地铁转向架连接螺栓断裂原因

某地铁列车转向架连接螺栓发生断裂事故,采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、拉伸试验、断口分析、金相分析等方法,对该连接螺栓的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:该连接螺栓的断裂性质为弯曲疲劳断裂,裂纹起源于螺纹根部。安装时未及时检查清理内螺纹孔的残留螺纹胶导致螺栓受力不均,以及螺纹根部存在轻微脱碳现象,再加上列车行驶时振动所产生的交变载荷,该地铁转向架连接螺栓于螺纹根部萌生裂纹,并以疲劳的方式扩展,最终发生断裂。     

35CrMo螺栓断裂分析

通过宏观检验、断口分析、金相检验、显微硬度测试等方法,对35CrMo螺栓断裂的原因进行了分析。结果表明:螺栓外侧牙底存在大量热处理裂纹和滚压过程中造成的折叠,在动载荷作用下逐渐扩展,最终导致螺栓发生了疲劳断裂。     

高强螺栓断裂原因分析

对断裂的高强度螺栓断口及其腐蚀产物、螺栓表面存在的微裂纹进行了观察分析；对螺栓材料进行了热处理、氢脆敏感性和力学性能试验。结果表明，引起断裂发生的裂纹源─—微裂纹是Ｃｌ￣－应力腐蚀及氢脆交互作用的结果。断裂螺栓材料变脆是由于时效致使晶界产生铁铬碳化物偏聚引起的。对断口形貌和断裂过程用断裂力学方法提出了解释。     

核电厂循环水泵盘根压盖螺栓断裂原因

某核电厂循环水泵盘根压盖螺栓发生断裂,导致轴封水泄漏,通过宏微观分析、化学成分分析、金相检验、力学性能测试及断口分析等方法,对螺栓的断裂原因进行了分析.结果表明:螺栓断裂的主要原因是螺纹切削加工时产生刀痕,在加工刀痕处形成了应力集中并萌生了的疲劳裂纹源,同时高强度和高的硫化物夹杂含量也促进了疲劳裂纹的萌生,在交变载荷作...     

高压容器用螺栓断裂失效分析

某高压设备进行水压试验前准备,在拧紧螺栓过程中有一螺栓发生断裂,通过对断裂螺栓进行化学成分分析、力学性能试验、金相检验以及断口分析,找出了螺栓的断裂原因。结果表明:由于螺栓原材料在切除冒口时切除量不够,使螺栓中存在较多的夹杂物,夹杂物容易导致应力集中并萌生微裂纹,在螺栓后续加工过程中受到力(拉拔应力和热处理内应力)作用时,裂纹不断扩展并形成空洞,从而导致螺栓在拧紧过程中施加较小的外力就发生了断裂。     

Analysis of a Premature Failure of a Hub from a Diesel Generator of a High-Speed Motor Ship

Failure analysis is carried out on a fractured hub obtained from a diesel generator of a high-speed motor ship. Macrofractography, microfractography, standard optical metallography, material characterization techniques, and numerical modeling were used to verify the findings of the current investigation. Cracking initiation is attributed to fretting fatigue caused by a modification performed in the vicinity of the fractured hub. Operational vibrations contributed to the propagation of the cracks as typical fatigue cracks until final fracture.     

Resistance of a sphere in a slow flow of a viscoelastic fluid

The authors have obtained an approximate solution of the problem of the resistance of a rigid sphere in a slow flow of a Maxwell viscoelastic fluid that is in good agreement with experimental data [1] for Weissenberg numbers We ≤ 0.7. It is shown that the effect of a decrease in the coefficient of resistance of a sphere in the interval 0.1 ≤ We ≤ 0.7 established experimentally is determined in full measure by the linear viscoelastic properties of the Maxwell fluid. Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 71, No. 6, pp. 1138–1140, November–December, 1998.     

Dispersion of a solute in a Poiseuille flow of a viscoelastic fluid

Gill and Sankarasubramanian's analysis of the dispersion of Newtonian fluids in laminar flow between two parallel walls is extended to the flow of non-Newtonian viscoelastic fluids (known as Phan-Thein-Tanner (PTT)). Using a generalized dispersion model which is valid for all times after the solute injection, the diffusion coefficient K_i(t) is obtained exactly and numerically for linearized and exponential forms of the PTT fluids, respectively. The analysis leads to the novel result for K₁ and K₂(t) (which is a measure of the longitudinal dispersion coefficient of the solute). It is found that the value of K₂(t) depends on the value of Deborah number (De=a measure of the level of elasticity in the fluid) whereas the value of K₁ is constant in both cases. Finally, the effect of the Deborah number on the axial distribution of the mean concentration θ_m is investigated in detail.     

聚醚砜四元制膜液体系的相图计算

以Ｆｌｏｒｙ－Ｈｕｇｇｉｎｓ理论为基础，对ＰＥＳ－ＰＧ－ＮＭＰ＿Ｈ２Ｏ＿）聚醚砜丙二醇－Ｎ－甲基－２－哟咯烷酮水）四元制液体系的相图进行了计算，利用三元相图考察Ｈ２Ｏ和ＰＧ对液－液相分离的影响，在三元的理论的基础上提出了低分子量添加剂的卤元改性Ｆｌｏｒｙ－Ｈｕｇｇｉｎｓ理论，并提出了一种获得四元相图的方法，利用四元相图能较争地描述四元体系，利用改性的四元理论，能了地理解该种体系的液－液相分离行为。     

Flow of a thin film of a viscous liquid in a gas jet

An approximate formulation is considered for the steady-state wave flow of a thin film of viscous liquid subject to tangential frictional stresses at the boundary. Measurements have been made on the stability limit for droplet detachment, and it has been found that the detachment rate and fractional composition of the droplets are dependent on the boundary conditions.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 622–630, April, 1981.     

Drag of a plate in a uniform flow of a weak polymer solution

The problem of the drag of a plate moving in a weak polymer solution is solved on the basis of a three-layer schematization of the velocity distribution in the turbulent boundary layer.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vo. 41, No. 5, pp. 819–826, November, 1981.     

Heat exchange of a swirled stream of a gas suspension in a pipe

The results of an experimental investigation of heat exchange during turbulent flow of a gas containing suspended particles of a solid material in a horizontal pipe are presented.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 198–202, August, 1986.     

Heat Transfer of a Sphere in a Constrained Flow of a Viscous Fluid

Results of an experimental investigation of the average heat transfer of a sphere in the region of Reynolds numbers 0.1–40 are given. The increase in the Nusselt number with increase in the constraint parameter of flow is established. Based on the fractal theory, the influence of the degree of constraint on the heat transfer is physically explained and a quantitative correction is introduced.     

Calculation of a transient in a two-pole network with a thermistor

An analytical expression is derived which describes the variation of the thermistor temperature during a relay-effect transient process following an instantaneous change in the supply voltage in an R — R_T two-pole network.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 465–472, March, 1980.