手套箱气氛中氚化水处理的新工艺研究

用分子筛吸附柱和热金属镁床测试了分子筛床对气氛中水的吸附性能和热金属镁床对HTO的分解性能。结果表明 ,分子筛床对气氛中水的吸附效率 >99.99% ,在空气中水含量为 3.4× 10 3— 4 .2× 10 3μg·g- 1和空气通量达 5 6m3条件下 ,未发现吸附柱水的贯穿现象。热金属镁床对HTO的分解率 >99.9% ,在金属镁的消耗量大于 80 %时 ,分解率也未见明显降低     

分子筛床对氚化水气体过滤效能的研究

为了准确掌握分子筛床在现场的实际防护效果,需要进行含氚(氚化水,HTO)空气穿透实验。将露点一定、氚浓度一定的普通氮气以稳定的流速通过分子筛床,并连续测量气体通过分子筛床前后氚浓度的变化和分子筛床穿透前后的质量变化,从而确定分子筛床在现场实际环境中的防氚效果。实验结果表明,无水分子筛床的氚化水吸附效果最好,4 h之内的过滤效率保持在95%以上,过滤效率高,使用时间长;1/3吸水的分子筛床的吸附效果较好,3 h之内过滤效率保持在90%以上。综合考虑使用舒适度和过滤效能,1/3吸水的分子筛床更适合用于现场的实际氚防护。     

氚废气的回收技术研究

采用了高温催化氧化法处理含氚废气。处理过程如下:在干燥氩气(含少量H2)的载带下,含氚废气通过高温催化氧化床转化为氚水,然后用蒸馏水或合适的干燥剂吸收。在400℃,氧化床穿透之前,Hopcalite氧化剂对H2的氧化效率接近100%;在500℃,Hopcalite氧化床对HT的氧化效率大于99%。实验测定了回收氚的分子筛在存放过程中,不同规格分子筛的氚释放系数以及存放条件与释放系数的关系。结果表明,3种分子筛在吸收氚水后的氚释放系数为(1.9～5.5)×10-6d-1·g-1。其中,4A钠型分子筛的氚释放系数最小,5A钙型分子筛的氚释放系数最大;3种分子筛在吸收氚水后释放的氚的化学形式绝大部分是氚化水(HTO),氚气(HT)含量不超过1.2%;含氚分子筛的贮存气氛对氚的再释放有一定影响,在纯氩气中氚释放系数比在含2%氢的氩气中的低。     

氙核查系统中分子筛除杂柱的性能研究

为了提高氙核查系统中分子筛除杂柱的除杂性能,采用静态吸附和动态吸附两种方法对系统中分子筛除杂柱的性能进行了研究。研究结果表明,除杂柱的长度、直径,分子筛的质量,空气中水的含量,吸附过程的温升效应以及分子筛柱的活化好坏都对除杂柱的除杂性能有影响。根据研究结果并结合经验对氙核查系统中的分子筛除杂柱进行了优化设计。     

基于Nafion膜的氚甄别测量技术

在线氚甄别测量中,甄别装置的甄别性能直接决定着测量数据的准确性和可靠性。本文基于Nafion膜进行了氚甄别测量的实验研究,分别在HTO、HT以及HTO+HT气氛下进行了实验,详细分析了气体瞬时流量、温度等条件对甄别性能的影响。结果表明,HTO在Nafion膜中的渗透率很容易达到90%以上,HT在Nafion膜中的渗透率小于0.19%。在适当的温湿度及气体流量条件下,一级Nafion干燥器在氚甄别测量中对HTO有99%以上的分离效果,HTO对HT的甄别比可达106以上。     

食品中微量~(99)Tc的分析方法研究

正针对食品样品中微量~(99) Tc的分析,建立了一种高效、定量分离~(99) Tc,并能有效除去电感耦合等离子体质谱测量过程中干扰~(99) Tc的钼、钌元素的方法。该方法采用聚乙二醇-4000涂覆的C18-U柱分离锝、钼和钌,用2mol/L碳酸钠溶液体系上柱后,用2mol/L碳酸钠溶液去除Mo和Ru,使用去离子水洗脱吸附在柱上的Tc。C18-U柱上Mo、Ru、Tc的淋洗曲线示于图1。该方法对~(99) Tc的平均回收率接近100%,钼的去污因子为1.3×10~4,钌的去污因子为6.2×10~3,极大地减少了钼、钌对     

国产活性白土对放射性污染水的处理(Ⅱ)——經添加剂处理的活性白土的吸附性能

引言近年来,利用天然泥土淨化放射性污染水的研究工作,得到了广泛的开展,各国曾对多种泥土及矿物貭的吸附性能和机构,影响因素和吸附規律进行了大量的工作。为了提高吸附率,美国国立橡树岭实驗室也曾采用了綜合处理及联柱的方法进行处理。一系列的試驗工作証明我国东北的活性白土是一种良好的阳离子吸附剂,其交換容量达到59.7±0.8毫克当量/100克白土。烧結后用柱法处理时,对Cs~(137),Sr~(90)等阳离子的吸附效率达到99%以上,而对阴离子的吸附性能較差,对中性介貭中的Ru~(106)的吸附率仅达40%左     

硅胶对锆钚(Ⅳ)吸附的研究

为了去除乏燃料溶解液和高放废液中的Zr,研究了酸性条件下硅胶对Zr的静态吸附和对Zr,Pu的动态吸附。研究结果表明,在25℃和1mol/L HNO3时,硅胶对Zr的静态吸附容量约为0225mmol/g,随着料液酸度的降低、硅胶粒度的减小、Zr浓度及固液比的升高,硅胶吸附Zr的能力增大;在4mol/L HNO3溶液中,硅胶吸附Zr而几乎不吸附Pu(Ⅳ),因此可用硅胶吸附法使Zr与Pu(Ⅳ)分离。用2个柱体积的02mol/L H2C2O4可将吸附在硅胶上的Zr解吸下来,洗脱率可达992%。硅胶再次吸附Zr时,吸附性能曲线和吸附容量均无明显变化,硅胶可重复使用。     

阴离子交换法在分离纯化99Mo中的应用

不同温度下,测定了^99Mo在NH4OH,NaOH,HNO3体系中的分配系数,研究了温度、NH4OH浓度对^99Mo分配系数的影响;测定了^99Mo在硝酸和NaOH—NaNO3体系中的解吸率。实验结果表明,^99Mo在NH4OH体系中吸附和用去离子水洗脱时,没有穿透交换柱;用200mL 3mol／L HNO3解吸时,解吸率可以达到90．6％;用200mL 0．5mol／L-0．5mol／L的NaOH—NaNO3混合溶液解吸时,解吸效率可以达到99．8％以上。     

HTO被动式取样器的制备及其在密闭核动力装置中的应用

针对核动力舰船的环境特点,采用吸附介质为乙二醇与无氚水混合液（体积比为1:1）的被动式取样器来监测密闭核动力装置中HTO的浓度。在不同的工作场所连续监测1个月,该取样器的最大相对偏差小于10 %;将该取样器与硅胶作为吸附介质的被动式取样器进行为期1 a的对比实验,测量误差小于6%。结果表明,该取样器能准确地测量到低浓度的HTO,满足密闭核动力装置中HTO的监测需求。      

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.