Preparation and particle size characterization of Cu nanoparticles prepared by anodic arc plasma

1. Introduction Metal nanoparticles exhibit novel physical and chemical properties owing to the small size effect, surface effect, quantum size effect, and quanta tun-nel effect [1-4]. In recent years, the research and de-velopment for metal nanoparticles have attracted significant interest and is still the subject of intense investigation owing to their intriguing properties and various potential applications [5-7]. Because the properties depend strongly on the details of particle size, speci…     

Processing parameters for Cu nanopowders prepared by anodic arc plasma

Copper nanopowders were successfully prepared by anodic arc discharging plasma method with home-made experimental apparatus.The effects of various processing parameters on the particle size of Cu nanopowders were investigated in the process,and the optimum processing parameters were obtained.In addition,the morphology,crystal structure,particle size distribution of the nanopowders were characterized via X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and the corresponding selected area electron diffraction(SAED).The experimental results show that the crystal structure of the samples is the same fcc structure as that of the bulk materials.The processing parameters play a major role in controlling the particle size.The particle size increases with the increase of the arc current or gas pressure.     

Preparation and characterization of Ni nanopowders prepared by anodic arc plasma

Ni nanopowders were successfully prepared in large quantities by anodic arc discharged plasma method with homemade experimental apparatus in inert gas. The particle size, microstructure and morphology of the particles were characterized via X-ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the corresponding selected area electron diffractometry(SAED). The specific surface area and pore parameters were investigated by nitrogen sorption isotherms at 77 K with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) equation and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method. The chemical compositions were determined by X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry(XEDS) and element analysis. The experimental results indicate that this method is convenient and effective, and the nanopowders with uniform size, higher purity, weakly agglomerated and spherical chain shape are gotten. The crystal structure of the samples is FCC structure as the bulk materials, the particle size distribution ranges from 20 to 70 nm, and the average particle size is about 46 nm obtained by TEM and confirmed by XRD and BET results. The specific surface area is 14.23 m^2/g, specific pore volume is 0.09 cm^3/g and average pore diameter is 23 nm.     

Growth mechanism of Cu nanopowders prepared by anodic arc plasma

1 Introduction In recent years, the research and development for metal nanopowders has attracted significant interest and it is still the subject of intense investigation owing to their intriguing properties and extensive prospects [1-5]. Metal nanopowder…     

阳极弧等离子体制备镍纳米粉

采用自行研制的实验装置，用阳极弧放电等离子体方法制备了高纯镍纳米粉末。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和相应选区电子衍射(ED)、BET吸附等对样品的成分、形貌、晶体结构、晶格常数、粒度及其分布、比表面积进行了分析。建立了关于金属超微粒产生过程的近似模型，分析了纳米粉的形成和生长机制，并对整个工艺过程影响纳米粉性能的各种工艺参数进行了理论探讨。结果表明：所制得的镍纳米粉纯度高，晶格结构与相应的致密体相同，为fcc相结构，平均粒径为47nm，粒径范围在20～70nm，比表面积为14．23m^2／g，呈规则的球形链状分布，并发现纳米晶体的晶格常数发生膨胀。     

约束弧等离子体制备碳包覆铁纳米颗粒的性能

采用约束弧等离子体技术制备碳包覆铁纳米颗粒,利用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜、X射线能量色散分析谱仪和N2吸附等测试手段对样品的化学成分、形貌、微观结构、比表面积和粒度等特征进行表征分析。结果表明：采用约束弧等离子体技术制备的碳包覆纳米金属颗粒具有明显的核？壳结构,内核金属为体心立方结构的铁,外壳为无定形碳。颗粒大多呈球形和椭球形,粒径分布在15～40nm范围内,平均粒径为30nm,内核粒径为18nm,外层碳的厚度为6～8nm,比表面积为24m2/g。     

石墨粒径对反应等离子喷涂TiCN涂层性能的影响

以不同粒径的石墨粉为碳源,采用等离子喷涂的方法制备TiCN涂层。对涂层中的物相、显微硬度、组织形貌进行分析与比较。结果表明,随着石墨粉粒径的减小,涂层中的主相由TiC0.2N0.8变为TiC0.7N0.3,并且石墨粉粒径减小到5μm时涂层中氧化物的含量少,涂层致密,硬度高。     

Effect of particle size on the microstructure and thermal conductivity of Al/diamond composites prepared by spark plasma sintering

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) was used to fabricate Al/diamond composites. The influence of diamond particle size on the microstructure and thermal conductivity (TC) of composites was investigated by combining experimental results with model prediction. The results show that both composites with 40 μm particles and 70 μm particles exhibit high density and good TC, and the composite with 70 μm particles indicates an excellent TC of 325 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹. Their TCs lay between the theoretical estimated bounds. In contrast, the composite with 100 μm particles demonstrates low density as well as poor TC due to its high porosity and weak interfacial bonding. Its TC is even considerably less than the lower bound of the predicted value. Using larger diamond particles can further enhance thermal conductive performance only based on the premise that highly dense composites of strong interfacial bonding can be obtained.     

Cu纳米粉的制备及其导电性能研究

用电弧放电法在H2 Ar混合气氛下同时制备了气相稳定和液相稳定的Cu纳米粉,并用Cu纳米粉配制了导电浆料.用XRD,TEM,DSC-TG,化学分析等手段研究了粉体的相结构、表面组成、形貌、粒度和氧化特性.结果表明:气相稳定和液相稳定的Cu纳米颗粒具有壳核结构,核为纳米Cu,壳分别为氧化层和松油醇(C10H18O)分子层;粉体的平均粒度分别为80 nm和70 nm;在空气中,包覆在Cu纳米粒子表面的松油醇分子在190℃左右基本脱附和分解;Cu纳米粉导电浆料在烧结温度180～200℃、保温时间60～70 min、真空度1.33 Pa条件下可获得电阻率为(2.12～5.82)×10-4Ω·cm的导电膜.     

约束弧等离子体制备铝纳米粉体工艺

采用约束弧等离子体方法成功制备了高纯铝纳米粉末,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和相应选区电子衍射(SAED)对样品的晶体结构、形貌、粒度进行性能表征。对约束弧等离子体方法制备金属纳米粉的形成和长大过程进行了分析,并对制备过程中工艺参数(气体种类和压力、电弧电流等)对纳米粉产率及粒度的影响规律进行了讨论。实验结果表明:本法所制备的铝纳米粉末的晶体结构为fcc结构的晶态,呈规则的球形。适当控制某些工艺参数就能制取粒径在20~100 nm的纳米粉,在其它工艺参数一定时,随着工作气压升高、电流强度的增加,产率和平均粒径都随之增大。     

工艺参数对阳极弧放电等离子体制备镍纳米粉的影响

在Ar惰性保护气氛中，采用阳极弧放电等离子方法用自行研制的装置制备出了高纯Ni纳米粉末。研究了在制备过程中电弧电流、气体压力等工艺参数对纳米粉产率及粒度的影响。利用XRD、TEM对制得的样品的形貌、晶体结构、粒度及其分布进行测定。结果表明，适当控制某些工艺参数就能制取粒径范围在20nm～100nm的纳米粉，在其它工艺参数不变条件下，气压升高或电弧电流增大，都会使粒度增大，产率提高。     

Analysis of dynamic plasma behaviours in gas metal arc welding by imaging spectroscopy

For gas metal arc welding, the effect of CO₂ mixture in a shielding gas on a metal transfer process was investigated through the observation of the plasma characteristics and dynamic behaviour at the droplet’s growth-separation-transfer by the temperature measurement methods which were suitable, respectively, to the argon plasma region and the metal plasma region. At the present experimental conditions, the metal transfer process was a spray transfer type with 100%Ar shielding gas. On the other hand, with 85%Ar + 15%CO₂ shielding gas, the metal transfer process was a globular transfer type in which the arc length was shorter, the width was narrower and the time interval of the droplet separation was longer. For both shielding gases, the metal plasma region near the arc central axis exhibited 6500–7500 K, which was lower than the argon plasma region. With 85%Ar + 15%CO₂ shielding gas, when the metal droplet grew below the electrode wire, the region below the droplet has a high plasma temperature and a high concentration of iron vapour which surrounded the droplet. The region also exhibited a remarkably high electron number density. At the spray transfer process, the argon plasma region had an electron number density twice as high as the metal plasma region. Meanwhile, at the globular transfer process, the metal plasma region had a higher electron number density than the argon plasma region, which corresponded to a higher electrical conductivity near the arc axis. This means that the electric current goes through the arc axis easier than the spray transfer process. This condition increases the temperature below the droplet. The thermal expansion increases the force preventing the droplet from falling down. In consequence, the metal transfer takes the globular transfer type.     

异种型号焊丝的铝合金变极性穿孔等离子弧焊缝的组织特征

采用ER4043焊丝作为填充金属,利用变极性穿孔等离子焊接技术制备了2A12铝合金穿孔焊缝,并通过外观和探伤检验了焊接质量.通过扫描电镜和透射电镜等观察并分析了焊缝组织与母材金属的差异,认为焊缝组织由焊丝和母材金属两者熔合而成,并且其强化相也由2种合金材料的强化相组成.在热影响区附近存在较窄的过时效区,并且热影响区内部...     

Preparation and crystalline phase of a TiO2 porous film by anodic oxidation

Anatase titanium dioxide is an active photocatalyst, but it is difficult to immobilize on the substrate. A crystalline TiO2 porous film was prepared directly on the surface of pure titanium by anodic oxidation in this work. Constant voltage and constant current anodic oxidation were adopted with sulphuric acid used as the electrolyte, pure titanium as the anode and copper as the cathode. The morphology and structure of the porous film on the substrate were analyzed with the aid of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy （FESEM） and X-ray Diffraction （XRD）. The effects of the parameters of anodic oxidation （such as voltage, the concentration of sulphuric acid, anodization time and current density） on the aperture and the crystalline phase of the TiO2 porous film were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the increase of current density facilitates the augment of the aperture and the generation of anatase and mille. In addition, the forming mechanism of anatase and mille TiO2 porous films was discussed.     

基于氧化铝模板直接电沉积法镍纳米线的制备与表征

在未氧化铝和氧化铝之间经过降压剪薄阻挡层直接进行电沉积,采用不同电压进行电沉积制备了镍纳米线,并采用SEM,TEM和X射线衍射对所制备的镍纳米线进行了表征,研究了电沉积电压对纳米线结构的影响。结果表明：镍纳米线的外形决定于氧化铝模板的形貌,其直径和最大长度分别依赖于模板孔洞的直径和长度,当电沉积电压为1,1.5和2V时制备的镍纳米线为多晶结构,随着电沉积电压的升高,镍纳米线为沿[220]择优取向的单晶结构（电沉积电压分别为3V和4V）,当电沉积电压进一步升高时,择优取向由[220]转为[111]方向（电沉积电压5V）。     

直流电弧等离子体蒸发法制备超细锌粉

采用自行研制的高真空三枪直流电弧等离子体蒸发金属纳米粉体连续制备设备,通过控制阴极电流大小制备不同粒径的超细锌粉。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线荧光分析(XRF)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和相应的选区电子衍射(SAED)以及Simple PCI软件等测试手段对样品的晶体结构、成分、形貌和粒径分布进行表征。结果表明:等离子体法制备的超细锌粉纯度(质量分数)高达99.945%,粒径分布窄,分散性好,颗粒以球状为主,夹杂少量六方形态;超细锌粉的晶体结构与块体材料相同,为六方结构,晶格常数略有收缩;当其他参数恒定,工作电流从150 A增加到300 A时,超细锌粉的平均粒径从165 nm增加到596 nm,产率从2 258.55 g/h提高到7 027.20 g/h。     

PARTICLE SIZE AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF Ni NANOPOWDERS PREPARED BY ANODIC ARC PLASMA

Pure Ni nanopowders were successfully prepared by the method of anodic arc discharged plasma with homemade experimental apparatus. The particle size, mircostructure and morphology of the particles by this process were characterized via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the corresponding selected area electron diffraction (SAED); The specific surface area and pore parameters were investigated by multi-point full analysis of nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms at 77K by BrunauerEmmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer; The chemical composition were determined by X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (XEDS) equipped in SEM and element analyze instrument. The experiment results indicate that the samples by this method with high purity, the crystal structure of the particles is as same as the bulk material, is fcc structure, with average particle sizes about 47nm, ranging from 20 to 70nm, and distributed uniformly in spherical chain shapes, the specific surface areavis 14.23m^2/g, pore volume of pore is 0.09cm^3/g and average pore diameter is 23nm.     

直流电弧制备的Mg-TiO2复合材料的储氢性能

采用直流电弧等离子体法蒸发Mg＋5%Ti O2的混合物并将其在空气中钝化,制备粉体Mg-Ti O2复合储氢材料。利用电感耦合等离子光谱发生仪（ICP）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征粉体复合材料的成分、相组成及形貌。采用压力–成分–温度（PCT）和差示扫描量热仪（DSC）对Mg-Ti O2样品的吸放氢性能进行研究。由PCT测量结果可知,Mg-Ti O2复合粉体中镁的氢化焓和氢化熵分别为-71.5 kJ/mol和-130.1 J/（K·mol）,而粉体的氢化激活能为77.2 k J/mol。结果表明,采用电弧等离子体法在超细镁颗粒中加入Ti O2催化剂可显著增强镁的吸放氢动力学性能。     

等离子弧堆焊TiB2-金属陶瓷涂层的组织及性能

采用等离子弧堆焊设备，通过钛合金和硼合金粉末之间的高温冶金反应，在堆焊过程中原位合成了TiB2，在普通碳钢表面制备了含TiB2的金属陶瓷层。并对堆焊层进行了显微组织、X射线衍射分析、硬度及抗裂性能试验。试验结果表明，这种一步性原位合成工艺所获得的堆焊层主要由针状TiB2晶须与Fe及其硼、碳化合物组成，陶瓷层与基体间实现了冶金结合；堆焊层抗裂性能优于不含TiB2的铁基B4C堆焊层。     

Effects of silver powder particle size on the microstructure and properties of Ag-Yb<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> electrical contact materials prepared by spark plasma sintering

Ag-Yb₂O₃ electrical contact materials were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The effects of silver powder particle size on the microstructure and properties of the samples were investigated. The surface morphologies of the sintered samples were examined by optical microscope (OM), and the fracture morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The physical and mechanical properties such as density, electrical resistivity, microhardness, and tensile strength were also tested. The results show that the silver powder particle size has evident effects on the sintered materials. Comparing with coarse silver powder (5 μm), homogeneous and fine microstructure was obtained by fine silver powder (≤0.5 μm). At the same time, the electrical conductivity, microhardness, and tensile strength of the sintered samples with fine silver powder were higher than those of the samples with coarse silver powder. However, silver powder particle size has little influence on the relative densities, which of all samples (both by fine and coarse silver powders) is more than 95%. The fracture characteristics are ductile.