浆液外循环技术在淤浆法聚乙烯生产中的应用和研究

介绍了浆液外循环技术在淤浆法聚乙烯生产中的应用情况,对存在的问题原因进行了探讨和研究,提出了相应的解决办法.     

低熔点高硬度特种蜡的研究与开发

采用聚乙烯蜡和月桂酸作为石蜡改性剂,考察了改性工艺条件和改性剂加入量对石蜡性能的影响。结果表明：最佳工艺条件为改性时间3 h、改性温度130 ℃、搅拌速率600 r/min,聚乙烯蜡添加量为5%,月桂酸的添加量为8%;通过对两种添加剂的调合,制备出滴熔点低和硬度适宜的改性石蜡产品;在此基础上,以聚乙烯蜡量为5%、月桂酸量为8%、硬脂酸为0~25%作为复合添加剂,可以得到滴熔点更低且硬度也有所提高的改性蜡;并采用SPSS软件进行线性回归,得出聚乙烯蜡、月桂酸和硬脂酸的添加量与石蜡滴熔点、针入度（25 ℃）的关系。     

HDPE回收系统己烷气提塔塔底再沸器改造

1前言 大庆石化公司塑料厂低压聚乙烯是大庆30万吨乙烯工程的重点装置,于1986年建成投产,年生产能力为14万吨聚乙烯颗粒,其己烷回收系统,粗己烷正常处理能力为22t/h,最大为32t/h.九五期间,大庆石化公司进行乙烯48万吨/年改扩建工程,在低压聚乙烯装置增加一条8万吨/年的HDPE/MDPE生产线.根据公司的总体规划,新增生产线只增加催化剂配制系统、聚合系统和分离干燥系统,造粒系统利用35万吨改造时引进的造粒装置,己烷回收系统利用原有2条生产线共用的己烷回收系统,新生产线投用后,在3条线母液己烷循环比为50时,T-703的粗己烷正常处理量要达到32t/h,装置开停车时,T-703最大处理量要达到40t/h左右,回收系统能否正常操作,需要对回收系统的实际操作情况进行分析核算.     

高密度聚乙烯热解生成聚乙烯蜡及产品的性质研究

采用高密度聚乙烯热解制备聚乙烯蜡。结果表明,溶剂选用A：B为3：2时效果最好。经过正交实验发现,影响转化率的因素由主到次依次为：温度,时间,剂料比。最佳反应条件为：温度320 ℃,时间3 h,剂料比1：1。最佳条件下,产品相对分子质量在2 000左右,熔程为118 ~123 ℃。     

联碳气相法聚乙烯近年来的建厂情况

<正> 联碳气相法制聚乙烯工艺称“Unipol”工艺。现将1978年秋及1981年秋采用该工艺的聚乙烯工厂分别列于表1及表3。自表1及表2可见,近年来采用联碳气相法聚乙烯工厂(包括计划,在建及建成的)情况是:(1) 三年来总生产能力自96万吨/年增加到330万吨/年,增长了2.4倍。(2) 有13个国家26套装置采用此技术。(3) 建厂规模为9—27万吨/年。(4) 三年来,低密度聚乙烯生产能力从9万吨/年增加到202万吨/年,增长了22倍,占该工艺新增总生产能力234万吨/年的86％。     

CaO/Zn-Fe-O固体碱的制备、表征及油脂醇解催化活性

采用共沉淀、浸渍及高温焙烧的方法制备了CaO/Zn-Fe-O固体碱催化剂。采用正交试验考察了制备条件对CaO/Zn-Fe-O固体碱油脂醇解催化活性的影响,得到的优化条件为:n(Zn)/n(Fe)=5,Ca(Ac)_2浸渍液质量分数0.15、浸渍时间12h、焙烧温度800℃、焙烧时间3h。以优化条件下制备的CaO/Zn-Fe-O固体碱为催化剂,在n(醇)/n(油)=9、m(催化剂)/m(油)=0.04、搅拌速率400r/min、反应温度70℃、反应时间3h的条件下,蓖麻油转化率为84.21%。采用TG-DTA、FT-IR、BET及XRD技术对催化剂及其前驱体进行了表征。结果表明:Ca(Ac)_2/Zn-Fe水滑石TG曲线出现3个失重台阶,分别位于180~250℃、250~380℃及700~750℃温区;CaO/Zn-Fe-O固体碱催化剂BET比表面积为6.19m~2/g,BJH脱附累积孔容为0.011 6cm~3/g,BJH脱附平均孔半径为3.84nm;CaO/Zn-Fe-O固体碱中的活性组分CaO以无定形或微晶的形式高度分散于Zn-Fe-O复合氧化物载体表面。     

喷雾干燥成型法制备催化裂化催化剂的球形度影响因素分析

分析了催化裂化催化剂喷雾干燥过程中的不同形貌微球成型机理,考察了喷雾干燥成型工艺和催化剂浆液特性对催化剂球形度的影响。结果表明,在热空气的进出口温差约为260 ℃、载气量为1 500~2 000 m3/h、雾化机转速为5 000~14 000 r/min的喷雾干燥成型条件下,催化剂球形度相对较高,不小于0.85;通过增加催化剂浆液总固物质量分数、降低浆液黏度、优化使用黏结剂的类型及其用量,有益于提升催化剂球形度;通过综合优化喷雾干燥成型工艺和催化剂制备过程,可制备出具有实心结构、表面圆整的微球催化剂,所制备的原位晶化催化剂和助催化剂的球形度均大于0.90,半合成催化剂的大于0.88。     

BCS02型浆液聚乙烯催化剂的开发及工业应用

介绍了国产BCS02型浆液聚乙烯催化剂的开发和工业应用情况,并与其它同类型催化剂进行对比。工业应用表明,BCS02型浆液催化剂活性非冷凝态为16 000~20 000kg/kg(以每千克催化剂生成的聚乙烯的质量计),冷凝态为15 000~17 000kg/kg,在产率增加54%的情况下,催化剂活性仅下降10%,表现出较高的初始活性。共聚能力和氢调性能都较理想,n(C4=)∶n(C2=)稳定在0.32~0.37,n(H2)∶n(C2=)稳定在0.15~0.18,各操作参数均满足工艺要求,生产的粉料树脂干爽,流化性好,得到的聚乙烯产品均为优级品。     

浆液泵故障原因分析及对策

大庆石化分公司塑料厂80kt/a低压聚乙烯C线装置,是采用日本三井油化技术,国内选配设备,其浆液泵是选用美国DURCO离心泵,在生产中频繁发生机械密封泄漏,不但造成很大的经济损失,而且一旦浆液外漏极易造成火灾,通过分析机械密封泄漏原因,找出了解决方法。1机械密封泄漏的原因⑴浆液局部浓度过高。⑵操作不当:①停泵后没有冲洗泵的内腔;②泵抽空;③出入口阀未及时关闭。⑶机械密封冲洗方案不适用于现场。⑷其它原因,如安装及制造精度,密封圈选材,机组振动等。2机械密封泄漏的原因分析2.1浆液局部浓度过高造成的泄漏浆液是含聚乙烯粉末的己烷…     

兰州石化分公司新建30万t/a全密度聚乙烯装置特点

中国石油兰州石化分公司30万t/a全密度聚乙烯装置引进美国Univation公司气相法聚乙烯专利技术(Unipol技术),工艺简单,操作弹性大,可生产16个牌号的线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)和高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)。产品含水质量分数不大于0.05%。LLDPE和HDPE密度分别为0.918~0.935,0.935~0.965 g/cm3。熔体流动指数(10 min)为0.01~150.00 g。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.