紫外分光光度法测定粉条中铝含量的 两种前处理方法比较

目的比较干法灰化和湿法消解2种前处理方法对粉条中铝残留量测定的影响。方法分别用干法灰化和湿法消解两种方法处理样品,采用国标方法显色后用紫外分光光度法测定加标样品及质控样中铝的含量,比较回收率和重复性。结果干法灰化法回收率和重复性都明显高于湿法消解法。干法灰化法的回收率为99.3%～110.5%,平均回收率为104.3%;湿法消解法的回收率为70.2%～83.0%,平均回收率为77.6%;干法灰化法的重复性RSD为9.3%,湿法消解法的RSD为14.9%。结论干法灰化法的前处理方法简单、快捷、可操作性强,对环境和实验者的危害更小,更适合应用于粉条的批量检验。     

预处理方法对可食牲植物样品中微量元素测定结果的影响

采用干法、湿法和微波消解法处理紫苏样品,以原子吸收分光光度法检测钙、镁、铜、铁、锌和锰6种微量元素的精密度和加标回收率,证实三种预处理方法会显著影响紫苏中微量元素含量的测定结果.与其它两种方法相比,用混酸HNO3-H2O2(6:2)处理紫苏并采用微波消解样品后,各微量元素测定结果的加标回收率较高,加标回收率在99.00%～102.00%之间.相时标准偏差(RSD)低于5%.采用微波消解法对水白菜和山莴苣2种野菜样品以及油麦菜、油菜、韭菜和生菜4种绿叶蔬菜样品进行预处理表明,各微量元素的加标回收率在96.51%～99.87%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)低于5%,这意味着对可食性植物中的微量元素检测而言,微波消解法预处理样品能够提高测定结果的准确性和重复性.     

用ICP-AES法测定不同地域枣中铁含量

采用高温灰化法、湿法消解法和水提取法分别对不同地域红枣进行预处理,并采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法对样品中的铁含量进行测定.方法的检测限为0.102 μg/L,相对标准偏差为0.7%～3.2%,回收率为89%～103%,结果较为满意.     

不同前处理方法对火焰原子吸收光谱法测定饲料中铜含量的影响

目的通过比较不同的样品前处理方法,建立一种火焰原子吸收光谱法测定饲料中铜的含量。方法以饲料样品为原料,微波消解、湿法消解和干法灰化前处理方法分别对样品前处理后,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定饲料样品中铜的含量。结果 3种前处理方法测得的饲料中铜含量的加标回收率为92.0%~108%,在测定质控样品时,微波消解和湿法消解测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.3%~2.3%,符合要求;但干法灰化测定结果的相对标准偏差最大值为11.0%,超出标准范围。结论微波消解和湿法消解均能得到准确的检测结果,但湿法消解存在试剂消耗多、消解时间长等问题,而微波消解相对快速、准确、精密度高,更适合作为日常实验时饲料中铜的测定分析方法。     

乳与乳制品中总砷测定的不同前处理方法比较

目的比较不同前处理方法的处理效果,选择适合乳与乳制品中总砷测定的前处理方法。方法分别采用湿法消解、干法灰化、微波消解对乳与乳制品样品进行前处理,利用氢化物原子荧光法测定总砷含量。结果 3种前处理方式的检测结果均满足方法学要求,湿法消解、干法灰化和微波消解的回收率分别为81.7%～86.5%,90.0%～94.4%和90.8%～95.6%,精密度分别为8.84%～9.80%,3.22%～4.37%和3.18%～4.82%;检出限分别为0.0042、0.00068、0.0028mg/kg;微波消解法处理的质控样品结果更接近于标准值。结论微波消解法操作简便、准确性好,适合乳制品企业批量产品检测。     

干法消解与湿法消解测定紫菜中铝含量

采用干法和湿法对紫菜样品进行消解,比色法测定样品中铝的含量.结果表明,干法消解样品比湿法消解样品有更高的回收率和精密度.湿法消解的回收率只有30%～53%,相对标准偏差为45%～49%;干法消解的回收率在74%～85%之间,相对标准偏差为12%～21%;说明前者中存在较大因素影响紫菜中铝含量测定,后者操作简单,显色灵敏、稳定、精密度和准确度高,更适用于紫菜中铝含量测定的要求.     

云南石屏碰柑桔子中微量元素研究

采用干法灰化处理样品,用火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定了碰柑桔中 9 种微量元素Zn、Mn、Cu、Ni、Fe、Cr、Cd、Co、Pb 的含量;RSD值在 0.27%～4.1%之间,回收率为 101.0%～112.8%;并对测试结果进行了对比分析.发现在碰柑桔中 Fe 元素的含量在果肉、籽、果皮中的含量均较高.     

程序控温石墨消解/微波灰化-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定食用海藻中总砷

目的建立采用程序控温石墨消解/微波灰化-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法分析测定食用海藻中总砷的方法。方法样品加入5 ml HNO3,190℃程序控温石墨预消解30 min;加入灰化辅助剂硝酸镁,550℃微波灰化5 min,用HCl溶解灰分,采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定总砷含量。结果方法检出限为0.42μg/L,RSD5.0%,加标回收率为96%~109%。测定程序控温石墨消解/微波灰化后消解液中砷形态,确认食用海藻中99%以上的有机砷均消解为无机砷。本方法测定了海带(GBW08517)和紫菜(GBW10023)标准物质,分析结果均在标准值范围内。结论本方法重现性好、结果准确可靠,适用于食用海藻中总砷的测定。     

原子吸收光谱法测定重庆八角中的微量元素

以浓硝酸和高氯酸作为消解试剂并用电炉消解法消解样品,实验采用原子吸收光谱法对重庆八角中的微量元素进行分析测定。结果表明:重庆八角中含有Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,Ni 5种微量元素,Mn的含量最高,Ni的含量最低。该实验方法灵敏度高、抗干扰能力强、精密度高、选择性好、仪器简单、操作简便,适合于重庆八角中微量元素的测定。     

纺织品中重金属含量检测方法的改进

研究纺织品中重金属含量的检测方法,分别使用干法灰化法和微波消解法这两种预处理方法对样品进行了重金属含量的测定,通过分析比较两种方法测得的重金属含量,改进了干法灰化法,以硝酸镁作灰化剂加速样品的氧化,减少待测元素的挥发损失。测试结果表明,该法测试结果与微波消解法接近,且具有成本低、操作简便的特点,有较高的实用性,可用于日常纺织品重金属含量的检测。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the