生木薯淀粉直接发酵生产酒精的发酵条件研究

生淀粉分解酶的酶用量、料水比、酵母接种量、发酵时间是生淀粉直接发酵生产酒精的4大主要影响因素。通过单因素试验、正交试验，得出生淀粉直接发酵生产酒精的最佳发酵条件为：生淀粉分解酶的酶用量为30u／g原料，料水比为1：4．5，酵母接种量为5％，发酵时间为4d；发酵生淀粉，发酵成熟醪酒分为7．04％（V／V），发酵率为78．38％。     

无酵母生淀粉酒精发酵的研究

利用根霉—3(Rhizopus—3)麸曲进行无酵母生淀粉酒精发酵研究。以生玉米淀粉为原料,无酵母酒精发酵醪液酒度8.5％(v/v,20℃),淀粉利用率84.87％。研究了该工艺过程中的一些条件。发现发酵终产物乙醇对生淀粉糖化酶的活性有抑制作用。生淀粉的糖化是该过程的限速步骤。15gRhizopus—3鲜曲的酒化力与10ml酒母相当。发酵时添加一定量的α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶或果胶酶有协同作用,可提高淀粉利用率。同时探讨了无酵母生淀粉酒精发酵的机制,认为选育具有高活性生淀粉糖化酶和酒化酶等复合酶系的菌种是关键问题。     

生物发酵对玉米淀粉中直链淀粉含量影响的研究

以普通玉米淀粉为原料,通过微生物发酵,探讨发酵工艺参数对发酵后玉米淀粉中直链淀粉含量的影响。结果表明:不同接种量,种龄,淀粉乳浓度和发酵时间等因素对玉米淀粉中直链淀粉含量都有不同程度的影响,其中1号菌接种量2%,种龄12h,淀粉乳浓度20%,发酵时间1d,发酵温度36℃,摇床转数180r/min处理时,玉米淀粉中直链淀粉含量为50.37%最高,与发酵前直链淀粉含量相比增加了30.37%。     

小麦B淀粉一步酶解产糖优化及酒精发酵

以小麦B淀粉为原料,优化其一步酶解制备可发酵糖的工艺及后续酿酒酵母发酵生产酒精,提高其利用价值。首先对小麦B淀粉基本组分含量进行测定,其次使用α-淀粉酶和糖化酶组成复合酶对小麦B淀粉进行一步酶解制备可发酵糖,详细考察复合酶用量、料液比、酶解温度、酶解时间及pH对还原糖得率影响,对以上参数进行正交优化,获得酶解最佳工艺条件,最后利用酿酒酵母发酵所得酶解糖液生产酒精。结果表明,小麦B淀粉中淀粉含量85.61%,蛋白质和灰分含量都达到2%左右,戊聚糖含量接近5%,通过正交优化确定酶解产糖最佳条件为复合酶用量4 mL,料液比1:25 g/mL,酶解温度60℃,酶解时间10 h,pH5.0,在此条件下还原糖得率达到94.6%。利用酵母发酵产酒精,最终酒精浓度达到12.76 g/L,酒精原料得率为31.90%。本研究为小麦B淀粉制备酒精工艺提供参考。     

米根霉高效利用玉米淀粉生产乳酸的发酵条件优化

研究米根霉HB12利用玉米淀粉生产乳酸的发酵条件优化。从土壤中新筛选得到一株以高浓度玉米淀粉为原料发酵生产乳酸的米根霉HB12。通过单因素及正交试验,得到最佳发酵培养基组成(g/L)为：玉米淀粉140、NH4Cl 2、KH2PO4 0.3、MgSO4·7H2O 0.3、ZnSO4·7H2O 0.05、CaCO3 80;最佳培养条件为：摇瓶装液量50mL/250mL,接种量为2.5×106个孢子,35℃、200r/min培养108h。该条件下,菌株最大产酸量为104.9g/L,产酸速率为0.97g/(L·h),对玉米淀粉的转化率达74.9%,产酸量提高了49.4%。此菌株能够直接高效利用价格低廉来源广泛的玉米淀粉发酵生产乳酸,具有很好的工业应用前景。     

玉米生料发酵制乙醇

提出了以玉米为原料,生料发酵制乙醇的工艺。对各个影响条件进行了研究,获得了最佳的工艺条件：原料与水的比为1∶2.0;原料粒度小于0.45mm;糖化酶、液化酶和酸性蛋白酶的添加量分别为250u/g、5u/g和10u/g。在此条件下,醪液中乙醇浓度可达16.6%vol,淀粉利用率为92.7%。通过对发酵过程的分析,发现残余还原糖一直处于低水平,表明生料发酵工艺具有自身避免染菌的优势。实验表明,玉米生料发酵工艺简单、原料利用率和醪液酒精浓度均超过传统工艺。     

橡实淀粉生料发酵生产燃料酒精工艺研究

对以橡实淀粉为原料生料发酵生产燃料酒精的工艺条件进行了研究。结果表明:采用超声波助提法可有效脱除单宁,提高橡实淀粉的燃料酒精转化率。单因素试验和正交试验得出的橡实淀粉生料发酵最佳工艺参数为料水比16∶10,α-淀粉酶50 U/g,糖化酶190 U/g,发酵温度25℃,发酵时间7 d。     

玉米酒精超高浓度发酵工艺条件的优化

对玉米原料高浓度发酵的工艺条件进行了实验。首先应用Plackett-Burman设计法筛选出重要因素,并用响应面分析法和均匀设计法确定重要因素的最佳水平。在试验水平分别取麦角甾醇0.06%,Tween800.1%,发酵温度30.5℃的条件下,酒精浓度可达15.32%。优化条件与初始条件相比较,酒精浓度提高了25%。     

根霉L—乳酸发酵的研究

对米根霉C395生产L-乳酸的发酵工艺条件进行了研究,确定了玉米淀粉分酵的最佳培养基：玉米淀粉12%,硫酸铵0.3%,磷酸二氢钾0.025%。在最佳培养基条件下,L-乳酸产量为93.88g/L,对糖转化率为86.07%。发酵液经过过滤、离子交换、脱色和浓缩等提取纯化过程,可得到浓度90%的L-乳酸溶液。     

纤维废渣固态酒精发酵及纤维素－淀粉共发酵的研究

本文对造纸厂纤维废渣固态酒精发酵工艺进行了研究。试验结果显示，利用纤维素酶曲和酒精活性干酵母，采用固态同步糖化发酵工艺和补料技术，在滤纸酶活用量为２０ＩＵ／ｇ底物、加水比为４，３５℃条件下，酒醅酒度可达５．１（Ｖ／Ｗ），造纸厂细杂纤维的酒精得率为０．１７（Ｗ／Ｗ）。在废渣中添加一定量的玉米粉，利用纤维素酶曲中的淀粉酶活性进行纤维素－淀粉共发酵，可使酒醅酒度提高到８．７％（Ｖ／Ｗ）。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Detection of adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum by capillary electrophoresis and polarized light microscopy

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH₃CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH₂PO₄-20.6 mM Na₂B₄O₇ buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.